• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 1993

This study is concerned with the temperature dependence characteristics of ultrasound parameters in biological tissues, which are basic on the noninvasive deep body temperature estimation. Used parameters are ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity In order to accomplishment our purpose, several signal processing methods were used. Attenua4iorl coefficient was estimated by spectral difference method and sound velocity was estimated by P-P method. And we also examined these methods through a series of IN VITRO experi mentis that used tissue-mimicking phantom samples and biological tissue samples. In order to imitate the biological soft tissue two kinds of phantom samples are used, one is agar phantom sample which is composed of agar, graphite, N-propyl alcohol and distilled water, and the other is fat phantom sample which is composed of pure animal fat. And the ultrasound transmission mode and reflection mode experiments are performed on the pig's spleen, kidney and fat. As a result, it is found that the temperature characteristics are uniform in case of phan- tom samples but not in biological tissues because of complicate wave propagation within them. Consequently, the possibility of temperature measurement using ultrasound on biological tissue is confirmed and its results may contribute to the establishment of reference values of internal temperature measurement of biological tissues.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2017

The present study numerically investigated the influence of the waveform distribution on the tsunami-vegetation interaction using a non-reflected wave generation system for various tsunami waveforms in a two-dimensional numerical wave tank. First, it was possible to determine the wave attenuation mechanism due to the tsunami-vegetation interaction from the spatial waveform, flow field, vorticity field, and wave height distribution. The combination of fluid resistance in the vegetation and a large gap and creates a vortex according to the flow velocity difference in and out of the vegetation zone. Thus, the energy of a tsunami was increasingly reduced, resulting in a gradual reduction in wave height. Compared to existing approximation theories, the double volumetric ratio of the waveform increased the reflection coefficient of the tsunami-vegetation interaction by 34%, while decreasing the transfer coefficient and energy attenuation coefficient by 25% and 13%, respectively. Therefore, the hydraulic characteristics of a tsunami is highly likely to be underestimated if the solitary wave of the approximation theory is applied for the tsunami.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2016

해양과 육지 사이에 있는 연안습지는 연안의 수질을 개선하고 다양한 생물의 자연적인 서식처로 이용될 뿐 아니라 연안침식을 억제하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 연안식생은 외해에서 입사하는 파에너지 또는 폭풍해일을 감소하며 해저 안정화를 통해 습지를 유지하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 식생에 의한 파랑감쇠의 특성을 위해서는 식생과 파랑의 역학적 과정의 검토가 필수적이며 이를 통해 연안과정이나 연안의 동수역학적 특성을 이해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 파랑조건 이외에 식생형태에 따른 파랑감쇠 특성을 정량화하기 위해 수리실험을 통해 검토하였으며, 식생모형은 강성식생을 대상으로 규칙파가 작용하는 경우에 대해 파악하였다. 파형경사 ak와 상대수심 kh에 따른 수면위로 돌출된 식생에 대한 파랑감쇠를 검토하기 위하여 수리실험과 수치해석을 수행하였다. 실험결과에 대한 파고감쇠는 Dalrymple et al.(1984)의 파고감쇠식을 통해 식생에 의한 파고전달율, 감쇠율 및 항력계수를 해석하였다. 실험결과 식생에 작용하는 항력계수는 Reynolds수 보다는 Keulegan-Carpenter 수와 상관성이 있고, 파형경사가 증가할수록 파고감쇠율이 증가하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

이 연구에서는 단일 산란이론을 이용하여 경상분지에서 얻어진 국소 미소지진의 자료를 1.5-1.8Hz 사이의 주파수 영역에서 몇 개의 구간으로 나누어 대역 통과 필터링을 g여 coda 파의 진폭 감쇠로부터 Q값을 결정하였다 Coda Q 값은 Qc=Q0 fn 형태의 주파수 의존 양상을 보여주며 Q0 값은 83.9-155.9 n 값은 0.76에서 1.05 사이로 나타났다 산란 감쇠와 고유감쇠를 고려하여 감쇠가 순전히 산란에 의해서만 일어난다고 가정했을 때 최소 평균 자유경로를 51.-56km 이고 비탄성 감쇠계수는 0.0093-0.0098 로 나타났다 진앙과 관측소간의 경로가 단층지역을 지나는 것이 다른 경로를 지나오는 것보다 높은 감쇠와 강한 주파수 의존성을 보여준다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1990

한반도 주변 4개 해혁(포항, 부산, 여수, 군산)의 해저 표층축적물에서 얻은 음향 자료로부터 음속과 음파감쇠를 구하여 물성과의 상관성을 검토하고, 기체함량을 추정 함으로써 음파의 기계적 원인을 분석하였다. 음속 및 음파감쇠의 범위는 각각 1470∼ 1616 m/sec 및 0.0565∼0.6604 dB/kHz-m로서 퇴적물의 유형에 밀접하게 관련된다. 음 파는 coarse silt에서 최대이며 표층퇴적물내 기체 함량의 추정값은 8 ppm 이하로서 퇴적물의 입자가 작을수록 증가한다. Find sand보다 입자가 큰 퇴적물에서는 마찰손실 이 절대적인 음파감쇠의 요인으로 작용하며, 점성손실은 무시할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 퇴적물의 물성에 따라 변하지 않는다. Coarse silt에서 음파감쇠가 최대인 것은 마찰 손실 뿐만 아니라 silt 입자 차이에 존재하는 더 작은 입자들 간의 결합력이 동시에 작용하기 때문이며 fine 및 medium silt를 경계로 입자가 작아짐에 따라 입자간 결합 력이 주된 감쇠 요인으로 작용한다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.543-550
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• 2000

The objective of this research was to study the effect of contact force of ultrasonic probe on the ultrasonic attenuation measurement of radish. The relationship between ultrasonic attenuation (y) and contact force (x) for radish can be expressed as equation y=a+bLn(x), where a=8.7194+2.l68x(porosity) and b =-9.9188+0.0075 ${\times}$ (volume). The relationship between ultrasonic power spectrum (y) and contact force (x) for radish is also represented by equation y=a+bLn(x), where a= 60.l965-1.47l4${\times}$(porosity). The coefficient b has no significant relation with radish properties.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2008

Plastic hardener and softener based ultrasound phantoms were made in various constitutions and their acoustic properties were measured. Speed of sound is approximately $1.4\;mm/{\mu}sec$ in all the phantoms, which is about 7% less than that of in soft tissue. Attenuation coefficient is strongly dependent on the ratio between hardener and softener. In order to achieve the tissue level attenuation (0.5 dB/cm/MHz), 60% of hardener or less is required. The synthesized phantoms can be preserved for more than 6 months without structural degradation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1984

A digital spectrum analysis technique was used to estimate the tissue characteristic parameters (transmission velocity and attenuation coefficient) in the phantom study and the human liver's ultrasound scanning. The soft tissue equivalent phantom was made with the combination materials of agar, water, powdered graphite, and n-propyl alcohol. In the human study, twenty five normal subjects and three patients with liver diseases were studied using the ultrasonic reflection signals and the spectrum analysis method The following results were obtained; 1. The soft tissue-equivalent materical could be produced with various acoustic parameters by changing the composition amount of the powdered graphite and n-propyl alcohol. 2. Attenuation coefficients of normal human liver tissue were estimated to be 0. 36 dB/cm MHz$\pm$0.11. In patients with liver disese, tile attenuation coefficients were shown to be different from the above normal values.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제7권
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• pp.77-86
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• 1996

An air chamber is design to keep the pressure from exceeding a predetermined value, or to prevent low pressures and colum separation. Therefore, it can be used to protect against rapid transients in a pipe system following abrupt pump stoppage. In this research, an air chmber was applied to a hypthetical pipe system to analyze attenuation effect of pressure head for different air volumes, locations, chamber areas, coefficients of orifice loss and pollytropic exponents. With an increase of air volume, the maximum pressure head at pump site is decreased and the minimum pressure head is imcreased. For different locations and areas of the chamber, the attenuation effects do not show much difference. Also, as the orifice loss coefficient increases, the maximum pressure head is decreased. For different polytropic exponents, isothermal process shows lower maximum pressure head than that of the adiabatic process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1634-1641
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• 2021

Exposure to gamma-rays is hazardous for humans and other living beings because of their high penetration through the materials. For this reason, shielding materials (usually lead, copper and stainless steel) are used to protect against gamma rays. This study's objective was to prepare ceramic materials for gamma radiation shielding by using different natural bentonite clays. Gamma-ray attenuation performances of the prepared shielding materials at different thicknesses were investigated and evaluated for different gamma-ray energies from different standard point gamma radiation sources (²⁵¹Am, ⁵⁷Co, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co, and ⁸⁸Y). The mass and linear attenuation coefficients of the prepared ceramics vary between 0.238 and 0.443 cm² g^-1 and between 0.479 and 1.06 cm^-1, respectively, depending on their thicknesses. Results showed that these materials could be prioritized because of their evidential properties of gamma radiation protection in radiation applications.