• 아동학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2004

The purpose of the this study was to examine the relationship between mother-child interaction play assessment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and delinquency through observational method. The subjects were 30children(normal: 15, ADHD: 15) between 4-6 elementary school grade. Instruments used Parent-Child Interaction Assessment(P-CIPA), Inventory of Delinquency-Oriented Behavior and Korea Children Behavior Check List(K-CBCL). Results showed that following : 1) ADHD affect the delinquency-oriented behavior; 2) there were significant differences in mother-child interaction play assessment between normal children group and ADHD children group; and 3) there was a significant relationship between parent-child interaction play assessment and delinquency.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine whether there are qualitative differences in attention problem among children with various psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder using clinical ADHD diagnostic system (ADS) T-scores. Methods : The subjects were 794 outpatient children aged from 5 to 15 years, including 540 children with ADHD, 95 children with depressive disorder, 86 children with anxiety disorder, and 73 children with tic disorder. Clinical T-scores on the ADS were calculated using the mean and standard deviations of four ADS variables for the ADHD group. Results : All four groups had T-scores on the ADS in the abnormal range. However, when comparing the clinical T-scores, the children with depressive and anxiety disorders performed better than the children with ADHD. We also found that although the four groups seemed to be similar in terms of clinical T-scores for omission and commission errors, there were significant differences in clinical T-scores for reaction time and the standard deviation of response time (RT) between the ADHD and other groups. Conclusions : We concluded that inattention and impulsivity might not be specific only to ADHD and that the clinical T-scores of RT and standard deviation of RT on the ADS could be used to discriminate between ADHD and other clinical groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제57권7호
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in school-aged children. Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) often present with ADHD symptoms and vice versa. This study was the first to attempt to identify the prevalence of RLS and sleep problems in children with ADHD in Korea. Methods: Patients diagnosed with ADHD were asked to complete a sleep questionnaire. The sleep questionnaire included items to help identify the presence of four typical symptoms that are used as diagnostic criteria for RLS. Results: A total of 56 patients, including 51 boys and 5 girls (mean age, 10.7 years old) participated. Of these, 24 complained of pain, discomfort, or an unpleasant sensation in the legs. Based on the RLS diagnostic criteria, 2 patients were diagnosed with definite RLS and 4 with probable RLS. There were no significant differences in age, medication dosage, or neuropsychological test scores between the patients with and without RLS symptoms. Conclusion: Approximately 42.9% of patients with ADHD presented with RLS symptoms and 7.1% of these were diagnosed with RLS. Patients with ADHD also experienced various other sleep disorders. Thus, appropriate assessment and treatment for sleep disorders in patients with ADHD is essential.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of attention, intellectual functioning and adaptation of girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The scores of the ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS), the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) and the Korean Personality Inventory for Children (KPI-C) were compared between 26 girls with ADHD and 26 boys with ADHD. Results : 1) There was no significant gender difference in the intellectual functioning, except for the picture completion subscale. 2) Compared to the boys, the girls responded more slowly on the ADS visual task. 3) The girls were rated higher by their parents for the depression and social relationship problems of the KPI-C. Conclusion : The results suggest that there are noticeable gender differences for the attention problems and social functioning of children with ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.154-161
• /
• 2007

Objectives: The aim of the current study is to test for the association of DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Korean children population. Methods: 113 Korean children with ADHD, 102 parents, and 133 control subjects participated with the current study. The distribution of genotypes and alleles of DRD4 exon III VNTR in children with ADHD was compared with that in control subjects. In addition, 69 children with ADHD and their parents were analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT). Results: We could not find any significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles at DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism between children with ADHD and control subjects. In addition, there was no preferential transmission of long allele of DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism. Conclusion: These results suggest that DRD4 is not associated with ADHD in Korean children population.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2021

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between brain structure and empathy in early adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nineteen early adolescents with ADHD and 20 healthy controls underwent 3T MRI. All the participants were assessed for different aspects of empathy using measures including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Quotient. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural volume based on T1-weighted scans were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Results: Cognitive empathy (t=-2.52, p=0.016) and perspective taking (t=-2.10, p=0.043) were impaired in the ADHD group compared with the control group. The cluster encompassing the left posterior insular, supramarginal, and transverse temporal cortices [cluster-wise p-value (CWP)=0.001], which are associated with emotional empathy, was significantly smaller in the ADHD group, and the volume of the left nucleus accumbens was greater than that of the control group (F=10.12, p=0.003, effect size=0.22). In the control group, the left superior temporal (CWP=0.002) and lingual cortical (CWP=0.035) thicknesses were positively associated with cognitive empathy, while the right amygdala volume was positively associated with empathic concern (Coef=14.26, t=3.92, p=0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between empathy and brain structure in the ADHD group. Conclusion: The ADHD group had a smaller volume of the cortical area associated with emotional empathy than the control group, and there was no brain region showing significant correlation with empathy, unlike in the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the performance and electrophysiological characteristics of drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) during the Go/NoGo task. Methods: Twenty-three boys with ADHD and 18 age-matched normal boys were recruited at a child psychiatric outpatient clinic in Seoul. All subjects were assessed by the Kiddie Schedules for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime version. The investigator also assessed all subjects using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV(ADHDRS). Event-related potentials were recorded from 8 scalp electrodes during the visual Go/NoGo task. Results: Children with ADHD showed a larger mean of standard deviation of response time during the Go/NoGo task than normal children. The temporal N200 and P300 amplitudes were larger in children with ADHD relative to controls. The parietal N200 and P300 latencies were more prolonged in children with ADHD compared to normal controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that psychotropic-naive children with ADHD may have more variable performance ability, more difficulty in discriminating visual stimuli, and slower information processing speed than their normal age-matched counterparts.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have deficits in time perception, as assessed by the time estimation task and the time reproduction task, however its age-related trajectory is not yet determined. Therefore we examined the correlation between accuracy of time perception tasks and age, and the association between accuracy of estimation tasks and reproduction tasks. Methods: Sixty-three patients with ADHD, aged 8 to 18 years tested the tasks for five time durations (2, 4, 12, 45, and 60 seconds). Accuracy of tasks was assumed differences (absolute values) between raw results of tasks and original time durations. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to determine correlation between accuracy of time perception tasks and age. Multivariate regression was used to determine the association of accuracy of estimation tasks with accuracy of reproduction tasks. Results: Age showed correlation with accuracy of estimation tasks, but not with that of reproduction tasks. We observed that the higher the accuracy in 12, 45, and 60 seconds duration time reproduction, the higher the accuracy in longer seconds duration time estimation. Conclusion: Age was correlated with time estimation accuracy whereas there was no impact on time reproduction accuracy. Association of each of the two time perception tasks, particularly in longer time duration, suggested specific impairments in time perception.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in functional impairment between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls, and to compare the functional impairment across ADHD subtypes. Methods : Children and adolescents with ADHD between the ages of 6 and 18 years were recruited for the study. Parents and teachers of the ADHD subjects completed the parents' and teachers' forms of the Children and Adolescents Functioning Impairment Scale (CAFIS), respectively. The results of these scales were compared to those of normal controls. Results : Subjects included 110 children with ADHD, predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-IA) ; 23 with ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) ; and 60 ADHD, combined type (ADHD-C). When compared to 41 normal controls, there were significant differences in CAFIS-parent and CAFIS-teacher scales for the ADHD group. Functional impairment in the family relationship as rated by the parents was higher in children with ADHD-C when compared to that of children with ADHD-IA. Conclusion : In comparison to normal children, children with ADHD have a higher level of impairment in several functional areas, and differences exist in functional impairment across ADHD subtypes. Further, ratings of functional impairment between parents and teachers were inconsistent. Thus, gathering information from the teachers is important when diagnosing or establishing treatment regimens for ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.40-54
• /
• 1990

Rutter의 아동행동평가표에 의한 정서행동문제아동들과 정상아동들 리고 DSM-III-R의 진단기준에 부합되는 주의력결핍과잉운동장애아동들에 대해 뇌파조사를 시행하여 뇌파이상의 빈도와 양상을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 정서행동문제아동군은 정상대조군과 뇌파이상의 빈도 및 양상에 차이를 보이지 않았지만. 주의력결핍과잉운동장애아동군은 정상대조군에 비해 후두부에서 alpha파의 평균 진폭이 낮았고, 평균출현시간이 짧았으며, 또한 좌측 후두부가 우측 후두부에 비해 alpha파 특히 alpha(2)과의 평균출현시간이 길었다. 이로써 국민학교아동의 정서행동문제는 뇌파이상과는 별 관련성이 없는 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 주의력결핍과잉운동장애아동군은 정상 대조군에 비해 alpha파의 발달이 덜 되어 있음을 알았다.