• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1144-1153
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• 2018

Objective One of the areas of social cognition is Theory of Mind (ToM) is defined as the capacity to interpret, infer and explain mental states underlying the behavior of others. When social cognition studies on neurodevelopmental disorders are examined, it can be seen that this skill has not been studied sufficiently in children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). Methods In this study, social cognition skills in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), SLD or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) evaluated before puberty and compared with controls. To evaluate the ToM skills, the first and second-order false belief tasks, the Hinting Task, the Faux Pas Test and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task were used. Results We found that children with neurodevelopmental disorders as ADHD, ASD, and SLD had ToM deficits independent of intelligence and language development. There was a significant correlation between social cognition deficits and problems experienced in many areas such as social communication and interaction, attention, behavior, and learning. Conclusion Social cognition is an important area of impairment in SLD and there is a strong relationship between clinical symptoms and impaired functionality.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2018

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder. Recently, it has been suggested that brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Our aim of this review is to understand the physiological functions of BDNF and its potential relationship with ADHD and therapeutic approaches of ADHD. Searches were conducted in Pubmed and Research Information Service System (RISS). In this review, we summarized important literatures for the physiological functions of BDNF in neurodevelopment, change of serum BDNF level in ADHD, association of BDNF polymorphism and ADHD and potential association of treatment of ADHD with serum BDNF level. Further studies are required to more clearly understand the source and the role of BDNF in ADHD and to develop BDNF based-ADHD treatement.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Objectives: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ) and the effect of the source of information about mental health on ADHD stigma. Methods: The Korean translation of the ASQ was prepared, and 673 participants, 20-64 years of age, completed the questionnaire using an online panel survey in South Korea. The participants also completed questionnaires detailing sociodemographic variables and the source of their mental health knowledge. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to explore the internal consistency of the ASQ. Factor analysis using Varimax rotation was conducted to investigate the structure of the ASQ. Results: The 26-item ASQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.940). Factor analysis supported a three-factor structure, including Concerns with Public Attitudes, Negative Self-Image, and Disclosure Concerns. There were no significant differences in the total ASQ scores according to sociodemographic characteristics. Participants who reported the internet as their major source of information about mental health showed higher ASQ scores compared to those who used other sources for mental health information. Conclusion: The Korean translation of the ASQ has acceptable psychometric properties among Korean adults. Inaccurate information from the internet could increase the stigma toward ADHD.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which ordinary classrooms teachers are informed are familiar with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 'ADHD'. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of (89) male and female teachers who teach students from grade (1) to grade (6) at public primary schools in Northern Mazar Directorate of Education in Jordan. A questionnaire was employed as the primary tool for collecting the data. The findings of the current study indicated an average level of knowledge of ordinary classroom teachers about ADHD. The findings also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the extent of ordinary classroom teachers' knowledge of ADHD due to the variables (gender, qualification, professional experience, grade level being taught).

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which ordinary classrooms teachers are informed are familiar with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 'ADHD'. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of (89) male and female teachers who teach students from grade (1) to grade (6) at public primary schools in Northern Mazar Directorate of Education in Jordan. A questionnaire was employed as the primary tool for collecting the data. The findings of the current study indicated an average level of knowledge of ordinary classroom teachers about ADHD. The findings also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the extent of ordinary classroom teachers' knowledge of ADHD due to the variables (gender, qualification, professional experience, grade level being taught).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1994

ICD-10의 진단 기준에 새로이 포함된 과잉운동 품행장애(hyperkinetic conduct disorder)의 내용 타당도를 검증하기 위한 연구를 시행하였다. 이를 위한 구체적 방법으로, 주의력결핍 과잉 운동장애 환자군에서 품행장애가 공존한다는 기존의 연구 결과가 있으므로, 반대로 품행장애 환자군에서 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애가 공존하는 정도를 측정하였다. 대상군은 품행장애로 진단된 29명을 환자군으로 삼았고, 정상 대조군으로 41명을 비교하였으며, 각각에게는 Conners의 부모평가 척도의 DSM-III-R에 의한 부모 평가 척도를 시행하였고 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 품행장애 환자군에서 대조군에 비하여 Conners의 부모 평가 척도와 DSM-III-R에 의한 부모 평가 척도에서 주의력 결핍 과잉운동장애의 정도가 의미 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2) 품행장애 환자군에서 대조군에 비하여 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애의 공존율이 의미 있게 높았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 품행장애 환자군에서 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애의 공존이 의미있게 높다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 따라서 과잉운동 품행장애의 내용 타당도가 인정되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2010

주의력결핍-과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD)는 학령기 어린이의 가장 흔한 정신장애로 점차 증가하는 추세이다. ADHD 어린이들은 자극에 선택적으로 오래 집중하는 것을 어려워하고, 말이 많거나 허락 없이 자리에서 일어나고 뛰어다니며, 팔과 다리를 끊임없이 움직이는 등 활동 수준이 높다. 또한 충동적인 성향이 있어서 넘어지거나 사고를 당하는 경우도 많다. 이에 치과치료 시 행동조절, 구강위생, 외상 등의 문제를 예상할 수 있는 바, 치과의사의 관심이 증대되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 증례는 ADHD로 진단받은 만 8세 여아로 약물진정 및 심리적인 행동조절법을 이용해 치과적 주소를 해결해 주었고, 문헌고찰을 통해 다소의 지견을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Comprehensive Attention Test, Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV scores in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Fifty-five children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and not taking psychiatric medications were included in this retrospective study. A correlation analysis was performed. Results: Although simple visual and auditory selective attention have diagnostic value in traditional continuous performance tests, this study revealed that inhibition-sustained attention and interference-selective attention are also effective in evaluating ADHD. Furthermore, the correlation between the attention and intelligence test scores varied depending on the use of visual or auditory stimuli. Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to clarifying our understanding of the cognitive characteristics of children and adolescents with ADHD and can be used in future research.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2011

Objectives : This study explored the clinical differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Methods : Participants were 49 children and adolescents with ages between 6 and 18 years. These subjects were placed into 2 groups: ADHD without DCD (24) and ADHD with DCD (25). We used several evaluation tools on both groups: the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version- Korean Version (K-SADS-PL), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-IIII), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (K-PRC), and Bruininks-Osretsky Test of Motor (BOT-2). Results : Patients with both ADHD and DCD had a lower performance intelligence quotient and more internal and external behavioral symptoms than patients with ADHD but not DCD. It is possible that patients with ADHD and motor coordination problems should be noticed earlier and given intensive treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2012

Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology, and congenital heart defects. The main facial features of Noonan syndrome are hypertelorism with down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, and low-set posteriorly-rotated ears with a thickened helix. The cardiovascular defects most commonly associated with this condition are pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other associated features are webbed neck, chest deformity, mild intellectual deficit, cryptorchidism, poor feeding in infancy, bleeding tendency, and lymphatic dysplasias. The patient is a 10-year-old boy. He had experienced repeated febrile convulsions. He had typical facial features, a short stature, chest deformity, cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux, and mental retardation. His language and motor development were delayed. When he went to school, it was difficult for him to pay attention, follow directions, and organize tasks. He also displayed behavior such as squirming, leaving his seat in class, and running around inappropriately. Clinical observation is important for the diagnosis, so we report a patient who was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome, mental retardation, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.