• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

In this course of Internet proliferation, many network-related technologies are examined for possible growth and evolution. The use of Internet-based technologies is private networks has further fuelled the demand for network-based applications. The most promising among the new paradigms is the use of mobile agents. The mobile agent is capable of migrating autonomously form node to node in the network, to perform some computations on behalf of the user. The mobile agent paradigm is attractive alternative to traditional client-server programming for a significant class of network-centric applications. It does however, suffer. from a major drawback namely, the potential for malicious attacks, abuse of resources, pilfering of information, and other security issues. These issues are significantly hampering the acceptance of the mobile-agent paradigm. This paper describes the design of a secure mobile agent gateway 7hat can split and merge the agent code with security policy database on the VPN. This mechanism will promote security in the mobile agent systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.869-882
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• 2012

With the growth of Web services and the development of web exploit toolkits, web-based malware has increased dramatically. Using Javascript Obfuscation, recent web-based malware hide a malicious URL and the exploit code. Thus, pattern matching for network intrusion detection systems has difficulty of detecting malware. Though various methods have proposed to detect Javascript malware on a users' web browser, the overall detection is needed to counter advanced attacks such as APTs(Advanced Persistent Treats), aimed at penetration into a certain an organization's intranet. To overcome the limitation of previous pattern matching for network intrusion detection systems, a novel deobfuscating method to handle obfuscated Javascript is needed. In this paper, we propose a framework for effective hidden malware detection through an automated deobfuscation regardless of advanced obfuscation techniques with overriding JavaScript functions and a separate JavaScript interpreter through to improve jsunpack-n.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides data convergence and sharing functions, and IoT technology is the most fundamental core technology in creating new services by convergence of various cutting-edge technologies. However, there are different classification systems for the Internet of Things, and when it is limited to the domestic public sector, it is difficult to properly grasp the current status of which devices are installed and operated with what share, and systematic data or research The results are very difficult to find. Therefore, in this study, the relevance of the classification system for IoT devices was analyzed according to reality based on sales, shipments, and growth rate, and based on this, the actual share of IoT devices among domestic public institutions was analyzed in detail. The derived detailed analysis results are expected to be efficiently utilized in the process of selecting IoT devices for research and analysis to advance information protection technology such as responding to malicious code attacks on IoT devices, analyzing incidents, and strengthening security vulnerabilities.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2023

A space system refers to a network of sensors, ground systems, and space-craft operating in space. The security of space systems relies on information systems and networks that support the design, launch, and operation of space missions. Characteristics of space operations, including command and control (C2) between space-craft (including satellites) and ground communication, also depend on wireless frequency and communication channels. Attackers can potentially engage in malicious activities such as destruction, disruption, and degradation of systems, networks, communication channels, and space operations. These malicious cyber activities include sensor spoofing, system damage, denial of service attacks, jamming of unauthorized commands, and injection of malicious code. Such activities ultimately lead to a decrease in the lifespan and functionality of space systems, and may result in damage to space-craft and, lead to loss of control. The Cybersecurity Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK) matrix, proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research and Engineering (MITRE), consists of the following stages: Reconnaissance, Resource Development, Initial Access, Execution, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, Defense Evasion, Credential Access, Discovery, Lateral Movement, Collection, Command & Control, Exfiltration, and Impact. This paper identifies cybersecurity activities in space systems and satellite navigation systems through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s standard documents, former U.S. President Trump's executive orders, and presents risk management activities. This paper also explores cybersecurity's tactics attack techniques within the context of space systems (space-craft) by referencing the Sparta ATT&CK Matrix. In this paper, security threats in space systems analyzed, focusing on the cybersecurity attack tactics, techniques, and countermeasures of space-craft presented by Space Attack Research and Tactic Analysis (SPARTA). Through this study, cybersecurity attack tactics, techniques, and countermeasures existing in space-craft are identified, and an understanding of the direction of application in the design and implementation of safe small satellites is provided.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.403-416
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• 2024

Malware is being commercialized and sold on the black market, primarily driven by financial incentives. With the increasing demand driven by these sales, the scope of attacks via malware has expanded. In response, there has been a surge in research efforts leveraging artificial intelligence for detection and classification. However, adversaries are integrating various anti-analysis techniques into their malware to thwart analytical efforts. In this study, we introduce the "Malware Analysis with Dynamic Extraction (MADE)" framework, a hybrid binary analysis tool devised to procure datasets from advanced malware incorporating Anti-Analysis techniques. The MADE framework has the proficiency to autonomously execute dynamic analysis on binaries, encompassing those laden with Anti-VM and Anti-Debugging defenses. Experimental results substantiate that the MADE framework can effectively circumvent over 90% of diverse malware implementations using Anti-Analysis techniques and can adeptly extract relevant datasets.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

As the IT environment becomes more sophisticated, various threats and their associated serious risks are increasing. Threats such as DDoS attacks, malware, worms, and APT attacks can be a very serious risk to enterprises and must be efficiently managed in a timely manner. Therefore, the government has designated the important system as the main information communication infrastructure in consideration of the impact on the national security and the economic society according to the 'Information and Communication Infrastructure Protection Act', which, in particular, protects the main information communication infrastructure from cyber infringement. In addition, it conducts management supervision such as analysis and evaluation of vulnerability, establishment of protection measures, implementation of protection measures, and distribution of technology guides. Even now, security consulting is proceeding on the basis of 'Guidance for Evaluation of Technical Vulnerability Analysis of Major IT Infrastructure Facilities'. There are neglected inspection items in the applied items, and the vulnerability of APT attack, malicious code, and risk are present issues that are neglected. In order to eliminate the actual security risk, the security manager has arranged the inspection and ordered the special company. In other words, it is difficult to check against current hacking or vulnerability through current system vulnerability checking method. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for extracting diagnostic data regarding the necessity of upgrading system vulnerability check, a check item that does not reflect recent trends, a technical check case for latest intrusion technique, a related study on security threats and requirements. Based on this, we investigate the security vulnerability management system and vulnerability list of domestic and foreign countries, propose effective security vulnerability management system, and propose further study to improve overseas vulnerability diagnosis items so that they can be related to domestic vulnerability items.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.90-96
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• 2016

The 3390 million people, around 83% of the adult population in Korea use smartphone. Although the safety problem of the certificate has been occurred continuously, most of these users use the certificate. These safety issues as a solution to 'The owner of a mobile phone using SMS authentication technology', 'Biometric authentication', etc are being proposed. but, a secure and reliable authentication scheme has not been proposed for replace the certificate yet. and there are many attacks to steal the certificate and private key. For these reasons, security experts recommend to store the certificate and private key on usb flash drive, security tokens, smartphone. but smartphones are easily infected malware, an attacker can steal certificate and private key by malicious code. If an attacker snatchs the certificate, the private key file, and the password for the private key password, he can always act as valid user. In this paper, we proposed a safe way to keep the private key on smartphone using smartphone's unique information and user password. If an attacker knows the user password, the certificate and the private key, he can not know the smart phone's unique information, so it is impossible to use the encrypted private key. Therefore smartphone user use IT service safely.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2009

This paper proposes a new data hiding scheme for binary image authentication with minimizing the distortion of host image. Based on the Hamming-Code-Based data embedding algorithm, the proposed scheme makes it possible to embed authentication information into host image with only flipping small number of pixels. To minimize visual distortion, the proposed scheme only modifies the values of the flippable pixels that are selected based on Yang et al's flippablity criteria. In addition to this, by randomly shuffling the bit-order of the authentication information to be embedded, only the designated receiver, who has the secret key that was used for data embedding, can extract the embedded data. To show the superiority of the proposed scheme, the two measurement metrics, the miss detection rate and the number of flipped pixels by data embedding, are used for the comparison analysis between the proposed scheme and the previous schemes. As a result of analysis, it has been shown that the proposed scheme flips smaller number of pixels than the previous schemes to embed the authentication information of the same bit-length. Moreover, it has been shown that the proposed scheme causes smaller visual distortion and more resilient against recent steg-analysis attacks than the previous schemes by the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.6A
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) system is an automated identification system that basically consists of tags and readers and Back-End-Databases. Tags and Readers communicate with each other by RF signal. As a reader can identify many tags in contactless manner using RF signal, RFID system is expected to do a new technology to replace a bar-code system in supply-chain management and payment system and access control and medical record and so on. However, RFID system creates new threats to the security of systems and privacy of individuals, Because tags and readers communicate with each other in insecure channel using RF signal. So many people are trying to study various manners to solve these problems against attacks, But they are difficult to apply to RFID system based on EPCglobal UHF Class-1 Generation-2 tags. Recently, Chien and Chen proposed a mutual Authentication protocol for RFID conforming to EPCglobal UHF Class-1 Generation-2 tags. we discover vulnerabilities of security and inefficiency about their protocol. Therefore, We analyze vulnerabilities of their protocol and propose an efficient mutual authentication protocol that improves security and efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

In this paper, complexity and regularity of polynomial multiplication over $GF({2^n})$ are defined by using Hamming weight of rows and columns of the matrix ever GF(2) which represents polynomial multiplication. It is shown experimentally that in order to construct the block cipher robust against differential cryptanalysis, polynomial multiplication of substitution layer and the permutation layer should have high complexity and high regularity. With result of the experiment, a way of constituting S box and G function is suggested in the block cipher whose structure is similar to SEED, which is KOREA standard of 128-bit block cipher. S box can be formed with a nonlinear function and an affine transform. Nonlinear function must be strong with differential attack and linear attack, and it consists of an inverse number over $GF({2^8})$ which has neither a fixed pout, whose input and output are the same except 0 and 1, nor an opposite fixed number, whose output is one`s complement of the input. Affine transform can be constituted so that the input/output correlation can be the lowest and there can be no fixed point or opposite fixed point. G function undergoes linear transform with 4 S-box outputs using the matrix of 4${\times}$4 over $GF({2^8})$. The components in the matrix of linear transformation have high complexity and high regularity. Furthermore, G function can be constituted so that MDS(Maximum Distance Separable) code can be formed, SAC(Strict Avalanche Criterion) can be met, and there can be no weak input where a fixed point an opposite fixed point, and output can be two`s complement of input. The primitive polynomials of nonlinear function affine transform and linear transformation are different each other. The S box and G function suggested in this paper can be used as a constituent of the block cipher with high security, in that they are strong with differential attack and linear attack with no weak input and they are excellent at diffusion.