• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2010

An open water rudder test was carried out to figure out the flow characteristics around a twin rudder at $Re=1.5{\times}10^4$. In the analysis, the unique characteristics of a twin rudder, which affects rudder forces, were explained. The analysis includes varying angles of attack from 10 to 30 degrees. In this paper, the measured results have been compared with each other to predict the performance characteristics of a twin rudder's 2-dimensional section by 2-frame grey level cross correlation PIV method. The length L=0.75C between upper and lower rudders could be defined as the critical length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1374-1385
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• 2009

This study focuses on three points. First, how designers develop clothing and cosmetic culture (which reflect time and culture) into other fashion products in order to verify that attire and makeup can be the objects of aesthetics in addition to functionality. Second, why the fashion design of Christian Dior has been continuously popular for women of all ages and countries in the development of fashion, attire, and makeup. Third, this study analyzes how the aesthetical characteristics of the fashion of Christian Dior are reflected in clothing and cosmetic culture in order to clarify the brand outlook on attire and makeup as a source of France's luxury fashion industry. The philosophical characteristics of Dior's fashion were studied based on existing literature. First, her childhood background (that became the motif of Dior's design) and the philosophical ideology of fashion design, perfume, and beauty were the focus of this study. Second, this study examined how consciousness on beauty expressed in hairstyle, perfume, and cosmetics is expressed in connection with clothing. Third, the background with which Dior's fashion and perfume business became successful is examined in addition the necessity of the image strategy for success in the cosmetics market was studied. Domestic and international books on clothing and cosmetics, preceding studies, the internet, and related magazines are utilized to consider the cosmetics and beauty fashion of Dior. The results of this study show how Korean fashion and cosmetic culture can further globalize. This study encompasses the period of 1905 when Christian Dior was born until 1957 when he died of a heart attack; it also deals with well-known designers of the Christian Dior House from Yves Saint Laurent of 1957 to John Galliano of the present.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

Medical images are being managed more by PACS in general medical institutions. It is important to protect patients from being invaded their privacy related to the images. It is also necessary to confirm the ownership, the right of properity of the medical images and notice whether the data are modified. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking against RST attacks in medical images on the PACS. The proposed scheme modifies and improves Log-Polar Mapping and Fourier Mellin Transform in order to realize and recover serious image degradation and watermark data loss caused by the conversion between cartesian coordinate and log-polar coordinate. We used the radius and theta Look Up Table to solve the realization of the Fourier Mellin Transform, and inserted a watermark into 2D-DFT magnitudes using Spread Spectrum. Experimental results shows that this method are robust to several attack.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.861-868
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• 2010

As CAS, X-ATK, and INT models considered as the most typical Air-to-Ground operation models in ROKAF are mainly designed as the voice-centered system between aircraft and ground control facilities, it is critical to newly develop the Link-16 based model for the ROK-US combined operation between F-15K, AWACS, M-SAM, and KDX-III equipped with Link-16. Former studies had been limited to the CAS operation, and they had mainly focused on reducing the voice transmission time to exchange the information between each mission step with maintaining existing operation steps. Therefore, this paper makes up the weak point in former studies, thereby designing new Air-to-Ground operation model for CAS, X-ATK, INT mission using Enterprise Architecture OV6c, which enables both aircraft and ground control facilities or between aircraft to obtain the real-time information on the location, identification, armament and the real-time image data through the broadcasting function. Based on the analysis of new operation model, we come to a conclusion that by simultaneously exchanging the information on mission between nodes concerned through the broadcasting function of Link-16. It is possible to cut down superfluous steps among the mission steps, and to reduce the mission time. It is clear that it gives rise to improve the battle efficiency and the decision-making tempo as well as the battlefield situational awareness.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1298-1304
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• 2019

Since the 9·11 terror attack in 2001, the Maritime Logistics Security System has been strengthened and required X-ray image for every imported cargos from manufacturing countries to United States. For scanning cargos, the container inspection systems use high energy X-rays for examination of contents of a container to check the nuclear, explosive, dangerous and illegal materials. Nowadays, the X-ray cargo scanners are established and used by global technologies for inspection of suspected cargos in the customs agency but these technologies have not been localized and developed sufficiently. In this paper, we propose the X-ray array detector system which is a core component of the container scanning system. For implementation of X-ray array detector, the analog and digital signal processing units are fabricated with integrated hardware, FPGA logics and GUI software for real-time X-ray images. The implemented system is superior in terms of resolution and power consumption compared to the existing products currently used in ports.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2022

In this study, a deep learning-based network that can predict the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils was designed, and the feasibility of the proposed network was confirmed by applying aerodynamic data generated by Xfoil. The prediction of aerodynamic characteristics according to the variation of airfoil thickness was performed. Considering the angle of attack, the coordinate data of an airfoil is converted into image data using signed distance function. Additionally, the distribution of the pressure coefficient on airfoil is expressed as reduced data via proper orthogonal decomposition, and it was used as the output of the proposed network. The test data were constructed to evaluate the interpolation and extrapolation performance of the proposed network. As a result, the coefficients of determination of the lift coefficient and moment coefficient were confirmed, and it was found that the proposed network shows benign performance for the interpolation test data, when compared to that of the extrapolation test data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.621-631
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• 2023

Adversarial training improves the robustness of deep neural networks for adversarial examples. However, the previous adversarial training method focuses only on the adversarial loss function, ignoring that even a small perturbation of the input layer causes a significant change in the hidden layer features. Consequently, the accuracy of a defended model is reduced for various untrained situations such as clean samples or other attack techniques. Therefore, an architectural perspective is necessary to improve feature representation power to solve this problem. In this paper, we apply an attention module that generates an attention map of an input image to a general model and performs PGD adversarial training upon the augmented model. In our experiments on the CIFAR-10 dataset, the attention augmented model showed higher accuracy than the general model regardless of the network structure. In particular, the robust accuracy of our approach was consistently higher for various attacks such as PGD, FGSM, and BIM and more powerful adversaries. By visualizing the attention map, we further confirmed that the attention module extracts features of the correct class even for adversarial examples.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2009

This paper aims to reexamine the issue of racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness, especially in the light of Chinua Achebe's critique of the novella as a racist text entrenched with European prejudices of Africa and its people in his 1975 speech at the University of Massachusetts titled "An Image of Africa." While the novella's indictment of imperial exploitation has been noted from an early stage of its critical reception, its racism had hardly been discussed until Chinua Achebe posed it. Achebe offers the canonized status of the text as a modernist classic, "the most commonly prescribed novel in twentieth-century literature courses," as one reason for its obvious manifestations of racism being glossed over. One may add that Conrad's militant denunciation of imperialist enterprises as "a sordid farce," his seemingly radical stance against imperialism, serves as ideological constraints upon his readers, blinding them to its immanent racism. A closer look at the novella's attack on imperialism turns out to be contradictory, for it also shows such liberal-humanist ideas as the civilizing mission, the work ethic, and the superiority of civilized man, all of which served to prop up European imperialism at the end of the nineteenth century. This ideological contradiction also accounts for Conrad's racist attitude, which is betrayed in his portrayal of Africans as obscure, primitive. Euro-American imperialism has frequently justified itself by recourse to racism, but racism has not always been allied with imperialism. Some staunch racists such as Robert Knox and Arthur de Gobineau went against imperialism, and Conrad proves one of such cases whose critique of imperialism is voiced in ways that can be characterized as racist.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.3
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• pp.87-144
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• 2001

This study looks into historical genealogy of autonomy in art criticism on modernism and presents the view of the judgment and correction about that. A matter of autonomy in art appeared in the attempt to totally reconsider and upset the theory of 'Mimesis' or 'Representation' which was the basis of traditional aesthetic theory. In the traditional theory of representation, they assumed primary image exists first and then tried to obtain visual similarity to it through art works. However, in the theory of autonomy in modernism, they maintained the reduction to pure form' or medium', regarding what art works represents and how similar to primary image are not the true essence of art. In the early 20th century, C. Bell laid the foundation stone of the theory of Formalism', providing that a matter of autonomy is significant form', which is the combination of lines and colors Aesthetic autonomy theory came to a climax by C. Greenberg, who systemized art criticism on modernism in the middle 20th century. According to his theory, the pursuit of the essence of form resulted in the specificity of medium' and flatness. They thought that the autonomy of art would be achieved by eliminating outward social factors from art works. This theory ended by Minimalism preventing the instructive function of art work and only emphasizing its material property. Since the middle 20th century, the autonomy theory was confronted with the limit and intense attack because it resulted in this fixed canon and materialism, so they began laying emphasis on those extrinsic factors around art works such as human life, society, history, and so on. This study focuses on arguing and complementing the limit of autonomy such as the adhesive and fixed canon, and then defining the more dynamic area of it. For this, first, I introduced the view of T. J. Clark and T. Crow who criticized the aesthetic autonomy theory. They denied the transcendental structure of form, and found form only in the association with substantial life and society. And they insisted the dynamism of form by emphasizing form as a result of negation insisted by avant-garde. Second, I researched the view of A. C, Danto and M. Fried, who complemented the traditional autonomy theory. They made autonomy emerge from the fixation of form like flatness through connecting essentialism with historical view. In conclusion, I insist that autonomic position of art make it possible to connect or mediate between material form and human or social elements. Therefore, autonomy should not be reduced to the axis of form or that of society but make interaction between two heterogeneous axes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.706-715
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• 2004

In this paper, to decide the watermark embedding positions and embed the watermark we use the subband tee structure which is presented in the wavelet domain and the edge information in the spatial domain. The significant frequency region is estimated by the subband searching from the higher frequency subband to the lower frequency subband. LH1 subband which has the higher frequency in tree structure of the wavelet domain is divided into 4${\times}$4 submatrices, and the threshold which is used in the watermark embedding is obtained by the blockmatrix which is consists by the average of 4${\times}$4 submatrices. Also the watermark embedding position, Keymap is generated by the blockmatrix for the energy distribution in the frequency domain and the edge information in the spatial domain. The watermark is embedded into the wavelet coefficients using the Keymap and the random sequence generated by LFSR(Linear feedback shift register). Finally after the inverse wavelet transform the watermark embedded image is obtained. the proposed watermarking algorithm showed PSNR over 2㏈ and had the higher results from 2％ to 8％ in the comparison with the previous research for the attack such as the JPEG compression and the general image processing just like blurring, sharpening and gaussian noise.