• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2021

Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.413-429
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• 2021

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine. Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo. The authors assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Results: The initial search strategy yielded 398 unduplicated references, which were independently assessed by three review authors. After evaluation, this number was reduced to five RCTs (two unclear risk of bias and three high risk of bias). The total number of patients in all the studies was 193. Due to the high risk of bias, small sample size, heterogeneity of the outcomes reported, and heterogeneity of the comparison groups, the quality of the evidence was very low. One RCT reported that intranasal ketamine was superior to intranasal midazolam in improving the aura attack severity, but not duration, while another reported that intranasal ketamine was not superior to metoclopramide and diphenhydramine in reducing the headache severity. In one trial, subcutaneous ketamine was superior to saline in migraine severity reduction; however, intravenous (I.V.) ketamine was inferior to I.V. prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine in another study. Conclusion: Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in treating acute and chronic refractory migraines and other primary headaches using intranasal and subcutaneous routes. These studies should include a long-term follow-up and different ketamine dosages in diagnosed patients following international standards for diagnosing headache/migraine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.719-725
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• 2018

After 9/11 attacks in the U.S, Terrorism has increased the number of unspecified casualties through multi-use facility terror attacks compared to the past. The subsequent London bombings and the self-destruction of Pakistan increased people's fear and social anxiety. As international events have been held in Korea recently, awareness and concern over radioactive terrorism and security management of radioactive materials are increasing. In this paper, we compared the results of different meteorological conditions using HotSpot Code. After creating a possible terror scenario in Korea, sources likely to be use in RDD and Dirty bomb were investigated. The meteorological condition was selected by comparing the Pasquill-Gifford stability class with the most stable condition F and the most unstable condition A. The result value of the A and F condition through simulation were shown not to cause citizens to die from acute effects due to radiological effects. The range of radioactivity is different according to the wind speed and the meteorological stability, and the degree of radioactivity dilution is different according to meteorological conditions. Analysis results are expected to be used for initial response in the event of a radioactive terrorist attack.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

Special chemical warfare agents are lethal gases that attack the human respiratory system. One of such gases are blood agents that react with the irons present in the electron transfer system of the human body. This reaction stops internal respiration and eventually causes death. The molecular sizes of these agents are smaller than the pores of an activated carbon, making chemical adsorption the only alternative method for removing them. In this study, we carried out a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation by passing a blood agent: cyanogen chloride gas through an SG-1 gas mask canister developed by SG Safety Corporation. The adsorption bed consisted of a Silver-Zinc-Molybdenum-Triethylenediamine activated carbon impregnated with copper, silver, zinc and molybdenum ions. The kinetic analysis of the chemical adsorption was performed in accordance with the test procedure for the gas mask canister and was validated by the kinetic data obtained from experimental results. We predicted the dynamic behaviors of the main variables such as the pressure drop inside the canister and the amount of gas adsorbed by chemisorption. By using a granular packed bed instead of the Ergun equation that is used to model porous materials in Computational Fluid Dynamics, applicable results of the activated carbon were obtained. Dynamic simulations and flow analyses of the chemical adsorption with varying gas flow rates were also executed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 2021

This study was conducted seven times from 2007 to the 2019 Women's World Handball Championships to analyze and strengthen the strength of the Korean women's handball team through the analysis of the top five countries' strengths. Among the 41 national teams participating in the World Women's Handball Championship, a total of five national teams, including the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, and France, were selected for the final study. Among the records provided by the International Handball Federation (IHF), the ranking was selected by analyzing the competition records of 41 participating countries, and technical statistics and frequency analysis were conducted using the SPSS/PC+ Ver21.0 program. based on the accumulated records of the top five women's handball competitions, handball attack and defense strategies that can make up for the inferiority in future physical conditions are needed and detailed follow-up studies are needed. Also, we hope to use it as a basic resource for improving the performance of Korean women's handball players and to play a key role in enhancing the level of women's handball at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.168-174
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• 2022

In a wave power generation system, the overtopping system is known as an overtopping wave energy converter (OWEC). The performance of an OWEC is affected by wave characteristics such as height and period because its power generation system is sensitive to those characteristics; these, as well as wave direction, depend on the sea. As these characteristics vary, it is hard for the OWEC to produce power in a stable manner. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate shape for an OWEC, according to the characteristics of the sea it is in. This research verified the effect of the design of the OWEC ramp on the hydraulic efficiency using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) particle method. A total of 10 models were designed and used in simulations performed by selecting the design parameters of the ramp and changing the attack angle based on those parameters. The hydraulic efficiency was calculated based on the rate of discharged water obtained from the analysis result. The effect of each variable on the overtopping performance according to the shape of the ramp was then confirmed. In this study, we present suggestions for determining the direction for an appropriately shaped OWEC ramp, based on a specific sea area.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) is a technology that analyzes human speech sound into speech signals and then automatically converts them into character strings that can be understandable by human. Speech recognition technology has evolved from the basic level of recognizing a single word to the advanced level of recognizing sentences consisting of multiple words. In real-time voice conversation, the high recognition rate improves the convenience of natural information delivery and expands the scope of voice-based applications. On the other hand, with the active application of speech recognition technology, concerns about related cyber attacks and threats are also increasing. According to the existing studies, researches on the technology development itself, such as the design of the Automatic Speaker Verification(ASV) technique and improvement of accuracy, are being actively conducted. However, there are not many analysis studies of attacks and threats in depth and variety. In this study, we propose a cyber attack model that bypasses voice authentication by simply manipulating voice frequency and voice speed for AI voice recognition service equipped with automated identification technology and analyze cyber threats by conducting extensive experiments on the automated identification system of commercial smartphones. Through this, we intend to inform the seriousness of the related cyber threats and raise interests in research on effective countermeasures.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.111-126
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• 2022

As operations that were only conducted in physical space in the past change to operations that include cyberspace, it is necessary to analyze how cyber attacks affect weapon systems using cyber systems. For this purpose, it would be meaningful to analyze a tool that analyzes the effects of physical weapon systems in connection with cyber. The ROK military has secured and is operating the US JMEM, which contains the results of analyzing the effects of physical weapon systems. JMEM is applied only to conventional weapon systems, so it is impossible to analyze the impact of cyber weapon systems. In this study, based on the previously conducted cyber attack damage assessment framework, a framework for analyzing the impact of cyber attacks on physical missions was presented. To this end, based on the MOE and MOP of physical warfare, a cyber index for the analysis of cyber weapon system effectiveness was calculated. In addition, in conjunction with JMEM, which is used as a weapon system effect manual in physical operations, a framework was designed and tested to determine the mission impact by comparing and analyzing the results of the battle in cyberspace with the effects of physical operations. In order to prove the proposed framework, we analyzed and designed operational scenarios through domestic and foreign military manuals and previous studies, defined assets, and conducted experiments. As a result of the experiment, the larger the decrease in the cyber mission effect value, the greater the effect on physical operations. It can be used to predict the impact of physical operations caused by cyber attacks in various operations, and it will help the battlefield commander to make quick decisions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.663-672
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the magnesium sulfate resistance of a geopolymer mixed with rice husk powder. General concrete, silica fume mixed concrete, and binary blended geopolymer were selected as comparison targets to confirm the magnesium sulfate resistance, and sulfate deterioration was calculated using the compressive strengths with ages. In addition, the weight change rate and the relative dynamic coefficient of the geopolymer were comparatively analyzed, and the degree of etteringite formation was confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis. the experiment, the geopolymer mixed with 10% rice husk powder showed 10.8% higher compressive strength than concrete with silica fume when submerged for 56 days. Also, the geopolymer mixed with rice husk powder showed a small weight change rate of 0.9 to 1.45%. composition after immersion in magnesium sulfate through X-ray diffraction analysis, it was observed that a small amount of ettringite was dispersed in the geopolymer containing rice husk powder. Thus, there is a high correlation with the corrosion resistance of magnesium sulfate

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.148-156
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• 2022

Although most domestic concrete structures are simultaneously exposed to freeze-thaw and chloride environments, concrete durability in the field is evaluated by each single action, and the evaluation of chloride-caused damage of concrete requires additional indoor experimental analysis of chloride contents by coring samples from structures in the field. However, in Korea, policies to strengthen facility maintenance, such as 「Special Act on the Safety Control and Maintenance of Establishments」 and 「Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management」, have been established and implemented since 2018 and facilities subject to safety inspection management by the government and local governments increases, the effective simplification technology for the inspection and diagnosis of concrete structure is needed. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the possibility of determining the acceleration chloride penetration of freeze-thaw damaged concrete by using the surface rebound value. For this purpose, concrete specimens already having freeze-thaw damage by exposure to the freeze-thaw acceleration environment were immersed in chloride water. After that, the acceleration relationship of chloride penetration according to freeze-thaw damage was analyzed using the amount of chloride contents in concrete.