• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1037-1049
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find the influences of adolescents' sex-role, attachment with parents on self-efficacy of middle school students. The subjects were 281 students. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were examined for statistical analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1) It was shown that the student have a high level attachment to their parents and especially to their fathers. The androgyny was expressed a high among the students' sex-role trait, The students' self-efficacy level was relatively high. 2) It was expressed a significant correlation among adolescents' sex-role trait, attachment with parents and self-efficacy. Especially a high correlation between adolescents' sex-role trait and self-efficacy. 3) The students' self-efficacy level was significantly different according to the sex-role trait, attachment and gender. 4) The relative influence toward the students' self-efficacy was shown in the order of impotance as follows: sex-role trait, attachment with a mother and gender.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.29-47
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of spousal attachment, spousal caregiving, and parental caregiving behaviors on children's parental representations. One hundred and fifteen preschoolers (72 boys and 43 girls, aged between 4-5 years old) and their fathers and mothers participated in this study. The instruments used were the MacArthur Story-Stem Battery (Bretherton, Oppenheim, Buchsbaum, Emde, and the MacArthur Narrative Group, 1990), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scales (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998), the Caregiving Questionnaire (Kunce & Shaver, 1994), and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Rohner, 1991). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis. In conclusion, parents' spousal attachment, spousal caregiving, and parental caregiving behaviors have influenced on children's parental representations.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2004

The major purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of adolescents's perception of parents' marital relationship and attachment with their parents on school adjustment. This study also tried to investigate the inter-relationship among related variables, and the differences in the level of school adjustment according to adolescents' general characteristics. The participants were 355 middle and high school students who lived in Chollabuk-Do province. The major results of this research were as follows. First, there were significant differences in the level of school adjustment according to sex, age, and grade point. average That is, the level of school adjustment was higher for males, for older adolescents, and for those recording higher grade point, than for females, for younger, and for those recording relatively lower grade point. Second, parents' marital relationship was positively correlated with positive aspects of attachment with their parents(i.e., communication and trust), and with school adjustment. but negatively correlated with negative aspect of attachment(i.e., alienation from their parents). Finally, multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the relative significance of the related variables influencing on school adjustment after controlling the effect of sex, age, and grade point. It was found that communication with fathers was the most powerful predictor of school adjustment, while attachment with mothers was not found to be a significant predictor of school adjustment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

To examine group differences among four groups divided by asgression/victimization status, 655 4th graders living in Seoul reported their perceptions of peer aggression, peer victimization, personality traits, parent attachment, and their parents' marital conflict. Peers of the subjects also reported their perceptions of peer aggression and peer victimization. Based on the scores of peer aggression and peer victimization, each child was classified into one of the four groups: nonvictimized aggressors, aggressive victims, passive victims, and normative contrasts. For boys, nonvictimized aggressors were more sociable/active than both aggressive and passive victims. Aggressive victims were more shy/emotional than nonvictimized aggressors and normative contrasts, and were exposed to the highest parental marital conflict. For girls, passive victims were the least sociable/active among the four groups, and showed lower attachment to fathers than normative contrasts. Both aggressive and passive victims were more shy/emotional than nonvictimized aggressors and normative contrasts, and normative contrasts were exposed to the lowest parental marital conflict.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a reinforcement program for behavioral skills in postpartum care for couples with their first baby. Methods: The study used a non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest design. It was conducted from January 14 to April 10, 2016 at a postpartum care center in D city. It analyzed 43 couples (22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group.) For data analysis, descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity in pretest, independent t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used. Results: For maternal fulfillment of postpartum care and postpartum fatigue, there was no significant difference in the interaction between group and time. In terms of parent-newborns attachment, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=13.63, p=.001) and fathers (F=6.51, p=.001). In marital intimacy, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=14.40, p<.001) and fathers (F=9.46, p=.004). In parenting stress, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=31.8, p<.001) and fathers (F=11.69, p=.001). A significant difference was found for the mothers' postpartum sleeping hours (F=0.14 p=.004). Conclusion: This program for behavioral skills in postpartum care, which is based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model, improves postpartum care, parent-newborn attachment, marital intimacy, parenting stress, and maternal postpartum sleeping, by reinforcing behavioral skills required for postpartum care.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of internet usage among 5th and 6th grade of elementary school children and to elucidate the path model and the relative effects of various factors on internet addiction in the internet addiction tendency group. According to our results, the normal internet user group exhibit higher educational levels in fathers, secure attachment to mother, and warm friendship when compared to the internet addiction tendency group. At the same time, internet addiction group exhibit longer internet use time, a greater numbers of avatars in use, and higher avatars decoration costs. The research model suggested here was supported by the results. Attachment to mother appears to affect friendship which in turn affects avatars image decoration needs and avatars identification which in turn then has an impact upon internet addiction tendency. These results were then discussed in relation to previous research and theories.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

This study explored the contribution of mother's representation of her mother and father during early years, marital satisfaction, and husband's participation in child caring to mothers' parenting behaviors. The subjects were 253 middle-class mothers and fathers in Seoul who had 2-to 3-year-old children. The data were gathered through questionnaires developed for the current study. As predicted, marital satisfaction and husband support as well as early family experiences were significant variables in predicting positive mothering for mothers of young children. However, the most powerful predictor of mothers' parenting turned out to be marital satisfaction. It was noteworthy that mothers who experienced positive and secure relationships with their own mothers were actively involved/intimate with their children whereas mothers who had insecure relationships with their own fathers showed more authoritarian control over their children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 1992

Ten infants at 12 months and their fathers were videotaped in the Strange Situation. Each episode was divided into consecutive 15-sec intervals and infant behavior was rated on the six interactive scales described by Ainsworth et al. (1978). As a result of comparision of data of this study and Ainsworth et al., the Strange Situation was validated for the measurement of infant attachment to the father. It was suggested that the time of each episode should be curtailed and the 6th episode(baby alone episode) should be omitted for Korean. On the basis of the infant behavior ratings, infants were classified into the main A, B. C groups. As a result, 4 infants were classified as secure and 6 were insecure (4 avoidant and 2 resistant). Boys were more insecurely attached to the father than girls.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.164-171
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of father-child attachment and to explore possible factors that may influence such attachment level in marital satisfaction, marital conflict, parenting stress, and parenting attitudes. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 131 fathers living in B city, between February 16 and August 16 in 2014. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 21.0 program. The mean of father-child's attachment was $3.79{\pm}0.47$. The level of father-child attachment was different according to monthly income (f=5.25, p<.010). There was a significantly positive correlation between father-child attachment and father's marital satisfaction (r=.28, p=.001). Father-child attachment was negatively correlated with father's marital conflict (r=-.23, p=.01), parenting stress (r=-.44, p<.001), acceptance-rejection (r=-.64, p<.001), and control (r=-.30, p<.001), with statistical significance. The acceptance-rejection attitude of father had significant effects on father-child attachment and accounted for 40% of the total variance of the attachment. These results indicated that decreasing the father's acceptance-rejection attitude could be effective in improving father-child attachment.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-109
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• 2018

Objectives: The study aims to examine the influence of university students' sociodemographic variables, parents' variables, and personal variables on their level of depression. Method: The study included a total of 334 university students enrolled in Busan. The data were used to perform correlational analysis and hierarchical regression analysis and were processed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The main results of this study were as follows: First, the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the most influential model was the model of personal variables. Among the personal variables, self-esteem was the most influential factor responsible for university students developing depression - the higher their level of self-esteem, the lower their level of depression. Among the parent variables, attachment to their father was the second most significant influence on the depression level of university students. Conclusions: This study showed that, in addition to attachment to their father, their self-esteem was highly significant in predicting university students' depression. The results of these findings have implications for future research in the form of programs and education to improve the relationship with fathers. Furthermore, the results of this study could be used to help and provide basic resources to alleviate and prevent university students' depression by strengthening their self-esteem.