• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.685-695
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• 2008

This study was to find out the effect of child-parent and child-peer attachment levels on the quality of the child's friendship. Participants were 355 fifth and sixth graders of three elementary schools in Jeolabukdo. The questionnaire used for this study were Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and Quality of Friendship Scale. The t-test and the regression-analysis were used for this study. According to the result, when the father attachment was higher and safer, the child's friendship was functioning more positively. However, there wasn't any meaningful relationship between the security of mother attachment and the quality of the child's friendship. When peer attachment level was higher and safer, the quality of the child's friendship was significantly higher. On the other hand, there was meaningful relationship between the security of parent attachment and peer attachment. On relationships among parent attachment, peer attachment, and the quality of the child's friendship, effects of secure father attachment and secure peer attachment were functioning meaningfully on the quality of the child's friendship. Secure peer attachment was the most effective factor functioning positively on the quality of the child's friendship among those three factors, child-parent attachment, peer attachment, and the quality of the child's friendship.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to identify the types of adult attachment and determine the relationship between adult attachment and job factors in dental hygienists. Ultimately, it was necessary to identify the need for a secure attachment to improve the quality of clinical dental hygienist's services. Methods: Data of 454 clinical dental hygienists working in dental hospitals or clinics were collected. The research tools consisted of items related to the general and work characteristics of dental hygienists (9 items), adult attachment styles (36 items), organizational commitments (12 items), occupational stress (15 items), and interpersonal relations (18 items). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of each tool was ${\geq}0.7$. Results: Most of the participants had fearful attachment styles, followed by dismissing-avoidance, security, and preoccupation. Security was the highest level of organizational commitment according to the adult attachment style, although the differences of the levels were insignificant. For occupational stress, preoccupation was the highest, followed by fearful, security, and dismissing-avoidance, and the differences were significant (p<0.001). For interpersonal relations, security was the highest, followed by preoccupation, dismissing-avoidance, and fearful in order, and the differences were significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Job stress and interpersonal relation ability according to the adult attachment style of clinical dental hygienists had significant results. Thus, the development of attachment improvement programs by personal style, development of differentiated clinical education and its application, and improvements in the adult attachment styles of clinical dental hygienists would be required rather than simply presenting the needs to collectively improvement the working environment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-92
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to investigate the relationship between university students' romantic and parent attachment in attachment security and to examine the relationship among romantic attachment, parent attachment and filial obligation for generational transition. Major results of this study are as follows: first, the level of attachment anxiety in female students is higher than male students. 25.1% of the subjects is classified into a secure type and 74.9% is classified as an insecure type. Second, female subjects feel strong attachment to their mothers than male subjects. Third, romantic attachment of female students is related to attachment to their fathers. Fourth, male subjects feel more filial obligation than female subjects. Finally, their romantic and parent attachment are positively related to their filial obligation. Variables that explain male students' filial obligation are ones of 'giving economic aid to parent' and 'the extent of attachment to their fathers'. A variable accounting for female students' filial obligation is 'the extent of attachment to their mothers'.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.401-408
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of peer relationships, self-reported attachment security, perceived parental rearing attitudes, and loneliness in upper elementary school-age children. Methods: The data were collected from 207 students in grades 5 or 6, and descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC 12.0 program to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant difference in loneliness between the upper 25% and lower 25% groups of peer relationships, perceived parental rearing attitudes, and self-reported attachment security. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed affection-hostility in parental rearing attitudes, validation and conflict in peer relationships, and attachment security explained 39.6% of the total variance in loneliness. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of loneliness in upper elementary school-age children. The results of the present study indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to prevent and manage children‘s loneliness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-17
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• 1999

Maternal sensitivity and infant temperament were studied in relation to infant attachment security. Subjects were 47 one-year-old infants anti their mothers from intact upper-middle class families. Mothers sorted the Attachment Q-set (Waters, 1987, version 3.0) and filled out the Toddlers Temperament Questionnaire(Chu, 1992). Maternal sensitivity was observed in the home for two 3-hour sessions, and observers completed the Maternal Behavior Q-set(Pederson, Moran et al., 1990). Attachment security scores of the infants, using criterion scores developed with Korean infants, were 42, which is comparable to Previous studies. Infants who were securely attached to mothers showed more secure-based behaviors and compliance, enjoyed physical contacts, and showed less fussy/difficult behaviors with mothers. Mothers of girls were observed to be more sensitive to their infants' signals than mothers of boys. Maternal sensitivity scores were not related to infant security scores. However, maternal sensitivity was related to less compliance to mothers for boys.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

25 young autistic children were examined in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. The attachment security of 21 children could be classified. Almost half(44%) of these children were securely attached. The relationship between attachment security and developmental variables(chronological age, social quotient, severity of symptom) was investigated. There were no significant differences on CA, social quotient, and severity of symptom between secure attachment group and insecure attachment group. Although autistic children have social deficits, they develop secure attachment to their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.31-55
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• 2013

This study aimed to look into the effect of sandplay therapy with parent-children on mother-child's attachment security and communication. This study first conducted a scale of attachment security targeting child and mother who is bringing children in the age of 5 to 6 years in two kindergartens located in Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, and composed experimental group and control group of four couples respectively by selecting randomly from eight mother-child couples that received low grades. Sandplay therapy with parent-children was conducted for 12weeks on a weekly basis for 50minutes each. To study the attachment security, we used the Klabsbrun-Bowlby(1976)' Separation Anxiety Test and Mother's attachment scale. In this study, it is Seperated in based on Lee Na Gueng(2001) by functional communication and dysfuctional communication in order to measure changes in communication for situation that may occur during Sand play theraphy and record of observation about changes in each session. Data logging makes watching videos that recorded parent-children sand play therapy every situations. When observes the functional communication or dysfunctional communication between mother and the child, checking the corresponding to each entries, the frequency is recorded and qualitatively analyzed by each sessions. To study mother and child have been enhanced stability of the attachment and the relationship had improved results. Also, in each session the observation of increased functional communication, and dysfunctional communication results appear to reduce in parent-children sand play therapy. As a result, a couple sand play therapy has positive impact to improved the relationship between the mother and the child.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to compare organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job stress according to nurses' adult attachment styles. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires measuring Adult attachment style, Organizational commitment, Job satisfaction and Job stress from a convenience sample of 253 shift nurses in a hospital. Results: There were security style (31.2%), dismissing-avoidance (18.6%), preoccupation (17.8%) and fearful-avoidance (32.4%) among 4 attachment styles in these shift nurses. Their organizational commitment level (M=3.2), job satisfaction (M=2.7) and job stress (M=3.3) were revealed. Subjects who were in security attachment style showed significantly higher scores of organizational commitment (F=5.09, p=.002) and job satisfaction (F=13.02, p<.001) than subjects in fearful-avoidance attachment style. Meanwhile, this study showed that subjects who were in fearful-avoidance attachment style recorded significantly higher scores of job stress than subjects in any other attachment style (F=3.15, p=.026). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a relevant difference in organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job stress in accordance with the attachment style of shift nurses. These results indicate the need for attachment promotion program for shift nurses. And nurses' attachment styles should be considered in future interventions to enhance quality of nursing care.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2000

This study is applied to the Erikson's concept of generative fathering that meets the needs of the next generation and investigated the relationship between generative fathering and the attachment security. Sixty-five of 30-36 months old children (37 boys and 28 girls) and their parents participated in this study. Fathers completed the questionnaire of parental generativity, which include items on their support of physical development, social-emotional development and intellectual development. Children's attachment was reported by mothers using the Attachment Q-set. Results revealed that father's parental generativity was noted as 3.09 in 1 to 5 child rearing activities. But the results showed that there was a significant difference in child's sex and child's birth order. Also, it was found that children's secure attachnent to their fathers was not high. There was an association between fathering generativity and children's secure attachment. This findings imply that father's active child rearing participation will increase children's secure attachment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

this study examined the correlates of adult attachment focused on internal working models of 201 housewives. Findings indicated that 68.3% of subjects were classified as secure whereas 27.5% as avoidant and 4.2% as anxious. Greater security was associated with slightly less avoidance while greater anxiousness was associated with slightly greater avoidance. That is subjects who possessed more security tended to be less avoidant while subjects who possessed more anxiousness tended to be more avoidant. The primary characteristics classifying subjects into those three attachment styles were feelings about closeness dependence and anxiousness in relationships with others. Adult attachment was related in theoretically expected ways to one's history of attachment and parenting. Secure subjects were more likely to report warm/responsive parental caregiving style than insecure styles. Insecure subjects in comparison with secure subjects perceived their mothers as cold inconsistent and ot very responsive. Anxious subjects dscribed their fathers as cold and rejecting. The secure attachment style in comparsion with insecure styles was associated with positive mental models of self and social world indicating greater self-esteem positive beliefs about self and others positive relationships with their children greater marital satisfaction and greater secure attachment to their husbands. These results suggest that internal working model offers a useful perspective on adult attachment.