• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1993

Effects of a voltage dependent calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine, on the responses of blood pressure, and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone to angiotensin II (Ang II) were compared in male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A low, control or high sodium diet (2, 10 or 25 mmol Na/100 g diet) was fed for 6 weeks from the age of 6 weeks. On the morning of the experiment catheters were inserted under ether anesthesia in the femoral artery for pressure recording and blood sampling, and in the femoral vein for drug infusion. Ang II was infused at a rate of 250 ng/kg/min for 20 min. Nifedipine mixed with Ang II was infused at a rate of $16{\mu}g/kg/min$ for 20 min. Arterial blood samples were collected before and after infusion of Ang II with or without nifedipine. The control plasma level of aldosterone was inversely related to the amount of salt intake, whereas the plasma ANP level was not different between the salt groups. SHR showed a higher basal plasma ANP but a lower aldosterone concentration than Wistar rats. Infusion of Ang II produced a significant increase in blood pressure and plasma levels of aldosterone and ANP: The % increase was not significantly different either between the salt groups or between SHR and Wistar rats. SHR showed a greater pressor response to Ang II but a remarkably smaller decrease in heart rate after Ang II infusion than Wistar rats, With increasing sodium intake, the effect of Ang II on aldosterone secretion was decreased, whereas that on ANP secretion or blood pressure was not changed. Nifedipine decreased the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to Ang II in all groups. Nifedipine caused almost a complete inhibition of Ang II induced ANP secretion, but only a partial inhibition of Ang II induced aldosterone secretion or vasoconstriction. These results indicate that calcium dependent processes were involved in Ang II induced vasoconstriction, and secretions of aldosterone and ANP. However, the calcium dependent process far ANP secretion was considerably different from that for aldosterone secretion or vasoconstriction evoked by ang II. The ang II induced increase in ANP secretion appeared to be caused primarily by activating voltage-dependent calcium channels, whereas Ang II induced aldosterone secretion and vasoconstriction was not.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.700-705
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• 2003

배에서 추출된 pectin과 사과에서 추출된 pectin의 3주간 투여가 2K1C 고혈압 흰쥐의 일간 혈압 변화, 혈장 renin, ANP 변화 및 cardiac hypertrophy 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 일간 혈압변화에서 대조군에 비하여 AP-A군의 15일째에 유의한 감소를 보였고, 19일째에 한계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, AP-B군의 8일째와 15일째에 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, AP-C군의 15일째에 한계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 대조군에 비하여 PP-A군은 모든 기간 동안 유의성을 나타내지 않았으며, PP-B군의 8일째와 15일째에 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, PP-C군의 15일째에 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈장 renin변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 apple pectin이 투여된 군에서는 모두 유의한 변화가 없었으며, pear pectin이 투여 된 PP-B군에서 한계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈장 ANP 변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 apple pectin이 투여된 군에서는 모두 유의한 변화가 없었으며, pear pectin이 투여된 PP-B군에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. Cardiac hypertrophy 변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 apple pectin이 투여된 군에서는 모두 유의한 변화가 없었으며, pear pectin이 투여된 PP-C군에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture at the $KI_2\;KI_{10}\;HT_8\;HT_3$, on Aquaporin-2(AQP2) expression related with the renal functions in rats. Methods : Acupuncture was performed during 100-seconds, 6-times, at 150-seconds intervals under anesthesia in rats. We observed rats' mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA) during acupuncture and AQP2 expression by western blot method and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), renin, norepinephrine of plasma after decapitation. Results : The AQP2 expression was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group, but decreased in $KI_{10}$ group. Average MAP during 6-times acupuncture was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group. Average HR was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group, Average RSNA was increased in $KI_{10}$ group, but that was marginally increased in $KI_{10}$ group. Plasma renin concentration was increased in $KI_2,\;HT_3$, groups. Plasma ANP show a tendency to decrease in $KI_10\;HT_3$ groups, increased in $KI_2,\;HT_3$ but not significant. Plasma norepinephrine concentration was significantly decreased in $KI_{10},\;HT_3$ groups. Conclusions : These results suggested that acupuncture at $HT_8$ activate renal function to reuptake, but $KI_{10}$ show a decline on effect of AQP2 expression, blood pressure, nerve activity and renin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2301-2305
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• 2016

Background: The early detection of anthracycline- induced cardiotoxicity is very important since it might be useful in prevention of cardiac decompensation. This study was designed with the intent of assessing the usefulness of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and NT- Pro BNP estimation in early prediction of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study histologically proven breast cancer patients who were scheduled to receive anthracycline containing combination chemotherapy as a part of multimodality treatment were enrolled. Baseline cardiac evaluation was performed by echocardiography (ECHO) and biomarkers like cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N terminal- pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT- Pro BNP). All patients underwent cTnT and NT- Pro BNP estimation within 24 hours of each cycle of chemotherapy and were followed up after 6 months of initiation of chemotherapy. Any changes in follow up ECHO were compared to ECHO at baseline and cTnT and NT- Pro BNP levels after each cycle of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Results: Initial data were obtained for 33 patients. Mean change in left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) within 6 months was $0.154{\pm}0.433cms$ (p value=0.049). Seven out of 33 patients had an increase in biomarker cTnT levels (p value=0.5). A significant change in baseline and follow up LVDD was observed in patients with raised cTnT levels (p value=0.026) whereas no change was seen in ejection fraction (EF) and left atrial diameters (LAD) within 6 months of chemotherapy. NT- Pro BNP levels increased in significant number of patients (p value ${\leq}0.0001$) but no statistically significant change was observed in the ECHO parameters within 6 months. Conclusions: Functional monitoring is a poorly effective method in early estimation of anthracycline induced cardiac dysfunction. Estimation of biomarkers after chemotherapy may allow stratification of patients in various risk groups, thereby opening window for interventional strategies in order to prevent permanent damage to the myocardium.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2015

Background: Hypertrophied myocardium is especially vulnerable to ischemic injury. This study aimed to compare the early and late clinical outcomes of three different methods of myocardial protection in patients with aortic stenosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 225 consecutive patients (mean age, 65{\pm}10 years; 123 males) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve replacement. Patients were excluded if they had coronary artery disease, an ejection fraction <50%, more than mild aortic regurgitation, or endocarditis. The patients were divided into three groups: group A, which was treated with antegrade and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia; group B, which was treated with antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution; and group C, treated with retrograde cold blood cardioplegia. Results: Group A contained 70 patients (31.1%), group B contained 74 patients (32.9%), and group C contained 81 patients (36%). The three groups showed significant differences with regard to the proportion of patients with a New York Heart Association functional classification ${\geq}III$ (p=0.035), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (p=0.042), ejection fraction (p=0.035), left ventricular dimensions (p<0.001), left ventricular mass index (p<0.001), and right ventricular systolic pressure (p <0.001). Differences in cardiopulmonary bypass time (p=0.532) and aortic cross-clamp time (p=0.48) among the three groups were not statistically significant. During postoperative recovery, no significant differences were found regarding the use of inotropes (p=0.328), mechanical support (n=0), arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, p=0.347; non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, p=0.1), and ventilator support time (p=0.162). No operative mortality occurred. Similarly, no significant differences were found in long-term outcomes. Conclusion: Although the three groups showed some significant differences with regard to patient characteristics, both antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia with HTK solution and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia led to early and late clinical results similar to those achieved with combined antegrade and retrograde cold blood cardioplegia.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effect acupuncture by needle manipulation at acupoints, SP3 HT7, on the blood pressure and renin and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) in plasma, cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats induced by two kidney one clip (2K1C). Materials and Methods : The experiments were performed on twenty-five Sprague Dawley rats, 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were divided into five groups, control, AC-1a and AC-2a(acupuncture at SP3 HT7 bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand 6 times), AC-3a(acupuncture at SP3 HT7 bilaterally and the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs), AC-4a(acupuncture at SP3 HT7 bilaterally and the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 6 times). The treatments were started on the 4 week after inducing 2K1C, and they were performed two times a week for 3 weeks in rats. Results : The results are that The blood pressure was significantly decreased at 4 times in Acu-1a, The cardiac hypertrophy was significantly decrease in Acu-2a and Acu-3a. The activity of plasma renin was decreased in all groups without control and Acu-1a, and that of plasma ANP was decrease in Acu-2a and Acu-3a than control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture on SP3 HT7 mostly cause significant changes on controlling renal hypertension induced by 2K1C in the rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine effects of acupuncture by needle manipulation at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ on the blood pressure, plasma levels of ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide), renin and cardiomegalic index in hypertensive rat Induced by two kidney one clip(2K1C). Material and methods : The groups divided into 7 groups; Control, no treatment. Acu-1,acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb of the right hand 6 times. Acu-2, acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 6 times. Acu-3, acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally and the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs, Acu-4, acupuncture at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ bilaterally, the needle was inserted in the opposite direction(body direction) as the channel runs and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 6 times. The acupuncture executed 5times for 2 weeks. Results : Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly in Acu-2, Acu-3 and Acu-4. Plasma renin was decreased significantly in Acu-2 and Acu-4. Plasma ANP was increased significantly in Acu-2, however was decreased significantly in Acu-4. Cardiac hypertrophy index was decreased significantly in Acu-1, Acu-2, Acu-3 and Acu-4. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture by needle manipulation at $LR1{\cdot}Kl1$ is effective in hypertension by renal blood problem.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2023

A 12-year-old Standard Poodle presented with intermittent weakness and occasional dyspnea at the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University. A grade of 4 out of 6 systolic murmur with an irregular tachycardic rhythm was auscultated on both sides of the chest. Systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg. Panting was noticed in the hospital, but there was no crackle sound. Blood analysis revealed mild increases in liver panel levels (alanine aminotransferase 149 [reference interval, 19-70] U/L; and alkaline phosphatase, 185 [reference interval, 15-127] U/L) and severe increases in cardiac biomarker levels (n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 4169 [reference interval, 50-900] pmol/L; and cardiac troponin I, 0.22 [reference interval, 0.03-0.12] ng/mL). On electrocardiography, irregularly irregular supraventricular tachycardic rhythm with an f-wave and no distinct p-wave was observed. Generalized cardiomegaly with an enlarged right atrium and left ventricle was confirmed on thoracic radiography. Moreover, hepatomegaly and an enlarged caudal vena cava were observed. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a fibromuscular diaphragm in the right ventricle. Because of the obstructive lesion in the right ventricle, the right atrium and ventricle were enlarged (right atrial area index, 38.82 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.2-10.2 cm²/m²]; right ventricle end-diastolic area index, 14.152 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.9-10.92 cm²/m²]). Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Pimobendan, furosemide, enalapril, diltiazem, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) were prescribed, and all symptoms were relieved. DCRV is a right-sided congenital heart defect resembling pulmonic valve stenosis. If symptoms are not severe, medical therapy can be facilitated without surgery or the balloon dilation.