• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 1999

배경: 심방세동은 모든 부정맥중에서 가장 흔하고 승모판질환을 가진 환자의 79%를 차지한다. 이 연구에서는 승모판 수술을 시행하는 환자의 심방세동이 냉동절제 없이 시행한 Maze 술식으로 제거되는지를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 5월에서 1998년 4월까지 승모판 질환과 심방세동이 있는 14명의 환자에서 냉동절제 없이 Maze III 술식을 시행하였다. 남자는 6례, 여자는 8례였고, 평균 나이는 46.2$\pm$10.7세 였다. 승모판막 협착증 11례, 그리고 승모판막 폐쇄부전 3례였다. 동반 질환으로 대동맥판막 질환 4례, 삼첨판막 폐쇄부전이 1례, 그리고 심방중격결손증이 2례였다. 경흉적 심초음파 검사상 좌심방의 평균 크기는 54.7$\pm$5.3 mm였고, 좌심방내에서 혈전이 관찰된 경우는 2례였다. 수술후 심초음파 검사상 승모판막을 통과하는 혈류를 측정함으로써 초기 충전파의 최고 속도와 심방수축파의 최고 속도 사이의 비(A/E ratio)를 계산하였다. 수술은 대동맥판막 치환술 4례, DeVega 판륜성형술 1례, 그리고 심방중격결손 폐쇄술 2례를 동반하여 승모판막 치환술을 13례에서 시행하였고, 나머지 1례는 Maze III 술식만 시행하였다. 결과: 5례(38%)의 경우에서 일시적인 심방세동이 재발하였고, 수술후 평균 38.8$\pm$23.5일에 flecainide 또는 amiodarone의 투여로 정상동방결절율동으로 전환되었다. 수술후 합병증은 일시적인 접합부율동 6례, 일시적인 심방세동 5례, 출혈로 인한 재수술 3례, , 술후 심막절개증후군 1례, 편측 성대마비 1례, 정신증 1례, 그리고 심근경색이 1례였다. 수술후 A/E비는 0.43$\pm$0.22였고, A파가 9(64%)례에서 양성이었다. 수술후 3개월에서 14개월(평균 추적관찰, 8.1개월)동안 14례에서 모두 정상 동방결절율동으로 전환되었고, 9례(64%)에서 좌심방의 수축을 관찰할수 있었으며, 11례(79%)에서는 항부정맥제를 투여하지 않고 있다. 결론: Maze III 술식에서 냉동절제를 시행하지 않더라도 승모판막 질환과 동반된 심방세동에 효과적인 수술임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.909-914
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• 1993

Complete and optimal visualization of the mitral apparatus is a prerequisite for accurate repair or replacement of the mitral valve. A vertical left atriotomy just posterior to the interatrial groove is the most commonly used approach. However,exposure can be difficult under certain circumstances,such as small left atrium or reoperation. Other approaches have been advocated to deal with this difficult situations. We used an extended transseptal approach in 10 patients and good clinical results and excellent educational effects were obtained. The extended transseptal approach combines two semicircular atrial incisions circumscribing the tricuspid and mitral annuli anteriorly and superiorly,allowing exposure of the mitral valve by deflecting the ventricular side using stay sutures. The right atrium is opened anteriorly along the atrioventricular sulcus. The atrial septum is incised vertically through the fossa ovalis. Right atrial and septal incisions are joined at the superior end of the interatrial septum and extended across the dome of the left atrium to the left atrial appendage. The mitral valve was replaced in all 10 patients. Four of 10 patients had other simultaneous valve procedure: one had aortic valve replacement: 2 underwent tricuspid annuloplasty: 1 had aortic valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. There was no hospital death and complication. Among the 5 patients who had atrial fibrillation preoperatively,4 had atrial fibrillation postoperatively,1 converted to sinus rhythm. The five patients who were in normal sinus rhythm preoperatively remained in sinus rhythm after replacement. A review of our results with this approach confirms the efficacy and safty of this method. So we recommanded this approach for routine mitral valve procedure,especially difficult situations,such as a small left atrium or the redo operation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and Congestive heart failure (CHF) are increasingly widespread, costly, deadly diseases and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, we analyzed three statistical methods for automatic detection of AF and CHF based on the randomness, variability and complexity of the heart beat interval, which is RRI time series. Specifically, we used short RRI time series with 16 beats and employed the normalized root mean square of successive RR differences (RMSSD), the sample entropy and the Shannon entropy. The detection performance was analyzed using four large well documented databases, namely the MIT-BIH Atrial fibrillation (n=23), the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm (n=18), the BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure (n=13) and the Congestive Heart Failure RRI databases (n=25). Using thresholds by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, we found that the normalized RMSSD provided the highest accuracy. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for AF and CHF were 0.8649, 0.9331 and 0.9104, respectively. Regarding CHF detection, the detection rate of CHF (NYHA III-IV) was 0.9113 while CHF (NYHA I-II) was 0.7312, which shows that the detection rate of CHF with higher severity is higher than that of CHF with lower severity. For the clinical 24 hour data (n=42), the overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for AF and CHF were 0.8809, 0.9406 and 0.9108, respectively, using normalized RMSSD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with selective shunting is the surgical method currently used to treat patients with carotid artery disease. We evaluated the incidence of major postoperative complications in patients who underwent CEA with selective shunting under transcranial Doppler (TCD) at our institution. Methods: The records of 45 patients who underwent CEA with TCD-based selective shunting under general anesthesia from November 2009 to June 2015 were reviewed. The risk factors for postoperative complications were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Preoperative atrial fibrillation was observed in three patients. Plaque ulceration was detected in 10 patients (22.2%) by preoperative computed tomography imaging. High-level stenosis was observed in 16 patients (35.5%), and 18 patients had contralateral stenosis. Twenty patients (44.4%) required shunt placement due to reduced TCD flow or a poor temporal window. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.2%. No cases of major stroke were observed in the 30 days after surgery, but four cases of minor stroke were noted. Univariate analysis showed that preoperative atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [OR], 40; p=0.018) and ex-smoker status (OR, 17.5; p=0.021) were statistically significant risk factors for a minor stroke in the 30-day postoperative period. Analogously, multivariate analysis also found that atrial fibrillation (p<0.001) and ex-smoker status (p=0.002) were significant risk factors for a minor stroke in the 30-day postoperative period. No variables were identified as risk factors for 30-day major stroke or death. No wound complications were found, although one (2.2%) of the patients suffered from a hypoglossal nerve injury. Conclusion: TCD-based CEA is a safe and reliable method to treat patients with carotid artery disease. Preoperative atrial fibrillation and ex-smoker status were found to increase the postoperative risk of a small embolism leading to a minor neurologic deficit.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1033-1080
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• 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population. The Korean Heart Rhythm Society organized a Korean AF Management Guideline Committee and analyzed all available studies regarding the management of AF, including studies on Korean patients. This guideline is based on recent data of the Korean population and the recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Expert consensus or guidelines for the optimal management of Korean patients with AF were achieved after a systematic review with intensive discussion. This article provides general principles for appropriate risk stratification and selection of anticoagulation therapy in Korean patients with AF. This guideline deals with optimal stroke prevention, screening, rate and rhythm control, risk factor management, and integrated management of AF.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.668-673
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• 1998

최근 수년간에 Maze 수술은 만성 심방세동의 가장 효과적인 치료법이 되었다. 그러나 승모판질환 등 타 심질환의 수술에 병행하여 시행할 때 대동맥 차단시간의 연장, 술후 과다출혈 가능성, 그리고 술후 제세동 결과예측의 불확실성 등, 다소의 우려가 있는 것이 사실이다. 단국대학교 흉부외과에서는 1996년 9월부터 1997년 8월까지 6례에서 Cox-maze III 수술을 시행하여 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 초기 성적을 보고한다. 남녀 각각 3명으로 환자의 연령은 평균 49.6세이었다. 심방세동을 동반한 심질환은 승모판협착 또는 협착 및 폐쇄부전의 승모판질환 4례, 승모판과 대동맥판의 협착 및 폐쇄부전 1례, 관상동맥 협착 1례로서, 수술은 Cox-maze III 술식과 동시에 개방성 승모판교련절개술 3례, 승모판대치술 1례, 대동맥판 및 승모판대치술 1례, 그리고 관상동맥우회술 1례를 시행하였다. 대동맥 차단시간은 122~233분(평균 182.4), 체외순환시간은 202~346분(평균 273.8)으로 비교적 길었으나 술후 심장회복은 순조로우며 술후 출혈로인한 재개흉예는 없었다. 술후 전 예에서 수술직후 또는 술후 2~20일 사이에 동율동으로 전환되었으며 그 기간사이에 일시적인 상심실성 부정맥이 나타나기도 하였으나 약제에 잘 치료되었다. 추적검사상 모든 예가 동율동의 심전도 소견을 보였으며 심초음파검사상 우심방의 수축은 전 예에서, 좌심방의 수축은 가장 최근에 수술한 1례를 제외하고는 모든 예에서 확인되었다. 이상의 경험으로 Cox-maze III 술식은 큰 추가 수술위험성없이 시행될 수 있었으며 만성 심방세동의 제세동에 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.220-223
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• 2017

A 71-year-old male with known bronchiectasis and atrial fibrillation was admitted to Seoul St. Mary's Hospital with recurrent transient ischemic attack. R adiofrequency ablation was performed to resolve the patient's atrial fibrillation, but failed. However, a fistula between the left circumflex artery and the bilateral bronchial arteries was found on computed tomography. Fistula ligation and a left-side maze operation were planned due to his recurrent symptom of dizziness, and these procedures were successfully performed. After the operation, the fistula was completely divided and no recurrence of atrial fibrillation took place. A coronary-bronchial artery fistula is a rare anomaly, and can be safely treated by surgical repair.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2016

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. Several therapeutic and preventive strategies have been introduced for postoperative AF, but the treatment and prophylaxis of AF remain controversial. We aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous amiodarone and oral propafenone in the treatment of AF after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial performed in two hospitals in Shiraz, Iran from 2009 to 2012. We included all patients who underwent elective CABG and developed AF postoperatively. The patients were randomly assigned to receive propafenone or amiodarone. The duration of AF, the success rate of the treatment, the need for cardioversion, the frequency of repeated AF, and the need for repeating the treatment were compared. Results: The duration of the first (p=0.361), second (p=0.832), and third (p=0.298) episodes of AF, the need for cardioversion (p=0.998), and the need to repeat the first and second doses of drugs (p=0.557, 0.699) were comparable between the study groups. Repeated AF was observed in 17 patients (30.9%) in the propafenone group and 23 patients (34.3%) in the amiodarone group (p=0.704). Conclusion: Oral propafenone and intravenous amiodarone are equally effective in the treatment and conversion of recent-onset AF after CABG.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.84-95
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• 2016

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines have been published in the USA and Europe. Recently, the USA and Europe have updated their guidelines, respectively. These new AF guidelines help in addressing key management issues in clinical situations. This study, therefore, systematically compared guidelines for rate and rhythm control pharmacotherapy of patients with AF between the USA (American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, ACC/AHA) and Europe (European Society of Cardiology, ESC). Methods: This study investigated and compared American guidelines (2014) and European guidelines (2010 and 2012). Results: Generally, there are four meaningful differences between ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines. Important differences are treatment classification system, level of recommendation, drug list, and dosage. In addition, ACC/AHA described pharmacokinetic drug interactions for antiarrhythmic drugs. ESC emphasized ECG and atrioventricular nodal slowing as feature of antiarrhythmic drugs. Conclusion: This research addresses important use of anti-arrhythmic drugs and movement to accept recent recommendations in Korea. For the successful application of the guidelines, a role of pharmacists is crucial in clinical situation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1988

The left atrial [LA] dimension and atrial fibrillation [AF] in patients with mitral valvular heart diseases have been thought to be related to hemodynamic burden to the LA depending on severity of stenosis or regurgitation of mitral valve, left ventricular contractility and the heart conditions. If hemodynamic burden persists long, it can affect the LA wall and structural change of the LA wall itself can developed. So the structural change of the LA wall could be thought to be related to the LA dimension and AF. To verify this relation, the LA wall biopsy was performed in 26 patients with rheumatic mitral valvular heart disease at the left atriotomy incision margin which was posterior to the interatrial groove after completion of surgery to the mitral valve such as valve replacement or commissurotomy. Relation of the pathological state of the LA wall to AF and the LA dimension measured by M-mode echocardiography was studied. The conclusions were as follow. 1. There was tendency that degree of fibrosis of myocardium of the LA wall was related to the LA dimension. 2. There was more chance that patients who had severe fibrosis of myocardium of the LA wall had pre and postoperative AF. 3. There was no relation between reduction rate of the LA dimension before and after surgery and degree of fibrosis of myocardium of the LA wall.