• 제목/요약/키워드: Atrial Fibrillation

검색결과 317건 처리시간 0.025초

Inducibility of human atrial fibrillation in an in silico model reflecting local acetylcholine distribution and concentration

  • Hwang, Minki;Lee, Hyun-Seung;Pak, Hui-Nam;Shim, Eun Bo
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 2016
  • Vagal nerve activity has been known to play a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear how the distribution and concentration of local acetylcholine (ACh) promotes AF. In this study, we investigated the effect of the spatial distribution and concentration of ACh on fibrillation patterns in an in silico human atrial model. A human atrial action potential model with an ACh-dependent $K^+$ current ($I_{KAch}$) was used to examine the effect of vagal activation. A simulation of cardiac wave dynamics was performed in a realistic 3D model of the atrium. A model of the ganglionated plexus (GP) and nerve was developed based on the "octopus hypothesis". The pattern of cardiac wave dynamics was examined by applying vagal activation to the GP areas or randomly. AF inducibility in the octopus hypothesis-based GP and nerve model was tested. The effect of the ACh concentration level was also examined. In the single cell simulation, an increase in the ACh concentration shortened $APD_{90}$ and increased the maximal slope of the restitution curve. In the 3D simulation, a random distribution of vagal activation promoted wavebreaks while ACh secretion limited to the GP areas did not induce a noticeable change in wave dynamics. The octopus hypothesis-based model of the GP and nerve exhibited AF inducibility at higher ACh concentrations. In conclusion, a 3D in silico model of the GP and parasympathetic nerve based on the octopus model exhibited higher AF inducibility with higher ACh concentrations.

Functional Insufficiency of Mitral and Tricuspid Valves Associated With Atrial Fibrillation: Impact of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence on Surgical Outcomes

  • Kitae Kim;Jin Kim;Sung-Ho Jung;JaeWon Lee;Joon Bum Kim
    • Korean Circulation Journal
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    • 제53권8호
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    • pp.550-562
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    • 2023
  • Background and Objectives: To identify the factors associated with adverse outcomes following surgery for functional insufficiency of the mitral valve (MV) or tricuspid valve (TV) associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: We evaluated 100 patients (age, 66.5±10.0 years; 47 males) who consecutively underwent surgery for functional insufficiency of the MV or TV associated with AF between January 2000 and December 2020 at our center. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause death, valve reoperation, congestive heart failure (CHF) requiring rehospitalization, and stroke. Results: During follow-up (532 patients-years [PYs]), adverse events included death in 16 (3.0%/yr), MV reoperation in 1 (0.2%/yr), CHF in 14 (2.6%/yr), and stroke in 5 (0.9%/yr) patients, demonstrating a 5-year rate of freedom from the primary endpoint of 69.5%. The rate of postoperative AF was high even in those who underwent AF ablation (n=92), with cumulative rates of 48.1% at 1 year and 60.2% at 5 years. In multivariable analyses, the primary outcome was significantly associated with age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.10; p=0.005), chronic kidney disease (aHR, 7.76; 95% CI, 2.28-26.38; p=0.001), left atrial appendage exclusion (aHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-1.78; p=0.010), and postoperative AF as a time-varying covariate (aHR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.50-7.40; p=0.003). Conclusion: Among patients undergoing surgery for functional atrioventricular insufficiency associated with AF, a significant proportion showed recurrence of AF over time after concomitant AF ablation, which was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes.

승모판 수술 후 동율동 회복에 관한 임상분석 (A Clinical Analysis on the Restoration of Sinus Rhythm Following Mitral Valve Surgery)

  • 백완기;심상석;김현태;조상록;진성훈
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.347-352
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    • 1999
  • 승모판막 질환에 흔히 동반되는 심방세동은 판막수술 후 종종 동율동으로 전환되어지는데 수술 후 동율동의 유지는 술후 불안정한 혈역학을 보이는 환자의 회복에 매우 중요할 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 술후 혈전색전증의 발생 빈도를 떨구어 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 1986년 6월부터 1996년 12월까지 성남 인하병원 흉부외과에서 시행된 후천성 판막질환 환자에서 승모판막 수술이 포함된 환자 중 184례를 대상으로 술전과 술후 심장율동의 양상 및 변화를 의무기록을 중심으로 후향적으로 관찰 분석하여 술후 동율동으로의 전환과 이의 유지에 관련인자를 규명하고자 하였다. 술전 율동이 심방세동이었던 환자 139례 중 술후 54례가 술후 동율동으로 전환되어 38.8%의 전환율을 보였으나 퇴원시를 기점으로 41례의 환자에서 다시 심방세동이 재발하여 75.9%의 재발율을 보였다. 심방세동이 재발한 환자들의 평균 동율동 유지기간은 8.2$\pm$5.9 일이었다. 또한 만기추적시 15례의 환자만이 동율동을 유지하고 있었으며 평균 추적기간은 84.4$\pm$34.7개월이었다. 환자의 연령 및 증상의 기간과 술전 심방세동의 기간, 좌심방 크기 및 술 전 폐동맥압이 술후 동율동의 유지에 관련인자로 생각된 반면, 술전 심방세동의 기간 및 박출계수만이 심방세동 재발의 위험인자로 생각되었다. 이상의 결과, 술후 동율동으로의 전환 및 유지의 빈도를 높이기 위하여는 조기수술이 강력히 요망되며, 더 나아가 본 연구의 높은 심방세동의 재발율이 \ulcorner사하는 바와 같이, 판막수술에 더불어 심방세동에 대한 적극적인 수술요법이 필요할 것으로 생각되어진다.ner1례등이 있었다. 결과: 수술사망은 2례로 조기사망률은 6.7%였다. 수술생존자 28명중 4명은 장기추적관찰이 불가능하였으며, 총 2091환자.월(평균 74.7$\pm$68.4개월, 최장 187개월)동안 관찰하였다. 이 기간중 판막의 혈전, 혈전색전증 및 항응고치료에 따른 출혈등의 합병증은 없었으나, 조직판막을 이용한 10례중 8례에서 술후 평균 87.1$\pm$23.6개월에 판막기능부전으로 재수술하였으며(이중 2례는 타 병원에서 수술함), 기계판막을 치환한 1례에서 판막주위누출과 감염으로 술후 3개월째 재수술하였다. 재수술시 사망례는 없었다. 만기사망은 1례로 방실중격결손증 교정술후 잔존 승모판폐쇄부전으로 승모판치환술을 받은 7세환아로 판막치환술후 4개월에 확장성심근염으로 사망하였다. 조직판막의 경우 생명표분석에 의한 판막실패가 없는 장기누적률은 6년째 75.0%, 7년째 50.0%, 8년째 12.5%의 기록을 보여 술후 6년에서 8년에 걸쳐 격감하는 양상을 보였다. 수술사망 2례를 제외한 28명의 장기생존률을 Kaplan-Meiyer법에 의해 분석하였을때 4개월째 생존률이 96.0%로 그 이후로는 사망례가 없었다. 결론:이상의 결과로 보아 소아 심장판막치환술은 비교적 안전하고, 술후 적절한 추적관찰이 행해질 경우 항응고요법에 따른 합병증은 거의 없으나, 5세이하 소아나 판막치환술 이전에 심장수술을 한 경우는 위험도가 여전히 높은 것으로 사료된다. 지표들 면에서 통계학적으로 차이가 없고(p>0.05), 육안적으로 광배근을 관찰하였을 때 그룹 A에서는 광배근의 유착 및 염증소견이 모두에서 있었고 그중 2마리에서는 광배근의

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Efficacy of Cox Maze IV Procedure Using Argon-Based Cryoablation: A Comparative Study with $N_2O$-Based Cryoablation

  • Lee, Kyung-Hak;Min, Jooncheol;Kim, Kyung-Hwan;Hwang, Ho Young;Kim, Jun Sung
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.367-372
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    • 2014
  • Background: We compared the mid-term results of the Cox maze IV procedure using argon-based cryoablation with a procedure using $N_2O$-based cryoablation. Methods: From May 2006 to June 2012, 138 patients (mean age, $58.2{\pm}11.0$ years) underwent the Cox maze IV procedure. Eighty-five patients underwent the maze procedure using an $N_2O$-based cryoprobe (group N), and 53 patients underwent the maze procedure using an argon-based cryoprobe (group A). Bipolar radiofrequency ablation was concomitantly used in 131 patients. The presence of atrial fibrillation immediately, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery was compared. Results: Early mortality occurred in 6 patients (4.3%). There were no differences in early mortality or postoperative complications between the two groups. Nineteen of 115 patients (16.5%) remained in atrial fibrillation at postoperative 12 months (14 of 80 patients (17.5%) in group N and 5 of 35 patients (14.3%) in group A, p=0.669). There were no differences in the number of patients who remained in atrial fibrillation at any of the time periods except in the immediate postoperative period. A multivariable analysis revealed that the energy source of cryoablation was not associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation at 1 year (p=0.862) and that a fine F wave (<0.1 mV) was the only risk factor predicting the presence of atrial fibrillation at 1 year (p<0.001, odds ratio=20.287). Conclusion: The Cox maze IV procedure using an argon-based cryoprobe was safe and effective compared with the maze procedure using an $N_2O$-based cryoprobe in terms of operative outcomes and the restoration of sinus rhythm for up to 2 years after surgery.

심방세동 환자의 증상경험 및 삶의 질간의 관계 (Relationships between Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation)

  • 백경화;손연정
    • 기본간호학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.485-494
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: In this study, relationships between symptom experience and quality of life in a cross-sectional sample of patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) were investigated. Methods: This descriptive study involved a convenience sample of AF patients from S university hospital, C city. One hundred and two AF patients completed psychometric validated measures of AF related symptoms and quality of life. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS WIN 14.0 were used for data analysis. Results: Of 16 atrial arrhythmia-related symptoms, the patients reported 'tiredness' as the most frequent and 'shortness of breath' as the most severe. The level of overall quality of life for patients with AF was 53.92. There were significant differences in symptom frequency according to religion, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and left ventricular ejection fraction ; symptom severity according to monthly income and stroke ; quality of life according to age, job, alcohol intake, NYHA class and stroke. Quality of life for these patients was positively correlated with symptom frequency and symptom severity. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients with more frequent and severe symptoms perceive poorer quality of life than patients with less frequent and less severe symptoms. Symptom experience should be assessed early to improve quality of life for patients.

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심장질환 치료를 위한 체내삽입형 저전력 Pacemaker에 관한 연구 (Implantable low-power Pacemaker for Heart Disease Therapy)

  • 김교석;이상원;조준동
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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    • pp.473-474
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 체내 이식형 Pacemaker를 연구하면서 심장 질환을 Therapy 해 주는 방법에 대해 저전력 및 성능향상에 중점을 두고 연구 및 실험을 하였다. 우선적으로 심장의 심박동을 연산량이 적은 Peak_detection에서 체크하여 전력소모를 줄이고 나오는 각 심실 및 심방의 Interval을 Disease_episode 에서 받는다. 여기서 5가지 심실 및 심방에 관한 질환들 (VF : Ventricular Fibrillation, VT : Ventricular Tachycardia, FVT : Fast Ventricular Tachycardia, FAT_AF : Fast Atrial Tachycardia/Atrial Fibrillation, AT_AF : Atrial Tachycardia AT_AF : Atrial Fibrillation)을 판별한 후 각 병증에 맞는 Therapy 값을 출력하게 하였다. 그 외에 남아있는 병증에 대해서도 Therapy가 저전력 및 성능향상 되도록 설계하였다. 기존에 적용되어 있는 Detection 기법에서는 각각의 병증에 대해서 각 Detection이 있어 VF와 VT 사이에 있는 FVT와 같은 병증을 치료할 때 FVT 같은 경우에는 VF와 VT사이에 있는 질병이기 때문에 FVT_VF 및 FVT_VT와 같이 각각의 Detection을 두어 전력 소모가 있었다. 심장에서는 여러 질병이 한번에 나을 수 없다는 것에 착안하여 (심박동 Interval에 의해 질병이 판단되므로) 다른 병증이지만 같은 진단 기준을 쓰는 Detection을 통합함으로써 하나의 모듈로 구성하여 Gate수를 줄이고 저전력을 구현하였다. 또한 병증을 판별하는 진단 기준 모듈 중 Onset_Criterion 재설계하여 좀더 성능 향상에 중점을 두었다.

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