• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2014

The surface solar radiation is an important indicators for climate and agricultural research over the Earth system. For the climate and agricultural research, long-term meteorological data and accurate measured data are needed. The daily solar radiation from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2010 have been employed in this study analyze atmospheric transmissivity for Chupungryeong. The corresponding daily value of atmospheric transmissivity is calculated for Chupungryeong meteorological data. In this paper, relationship analysis of daily solar radiation and atmospheric transmissivity is presented. It shows that atmospheric transmissivity over late December peaked in the 2000s, substantially decreased from the early-January, and changed little after that in summer. Reduction of solar radiation caused a reduction of more than 0.3 in atmospheric transmissivity during July to August. It was concluded that the atmospheric transmissivity could be very useful for evaluating solar radiation. Atmospheric transmissivity approach is suitable for daily-term simulation studies and useful for computing solar radiation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권E호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1995

산업 도시 부산에서 관측된 기상자료와 대기오염 자료를 이용해 대기오염과 대기투과도의 상호 관계를 연구하였다. 부산에서 대기오염에 의한 대기투과도를 예측하는데 경험적인 모델을 구축하기 위해 여러 기상 요소와 대기오염을 사용하였고, 이 결과를 Yamamoto et al.(1968)에 의한 대기투과도 계산 방법과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 두 방법에 의한 결과는 좋은 상관을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에 의해 제시된 대기오염의 모수화는 부산에서 대기투과도와 직달일사량을 신뢰성 있게 예측하는 하나의 방법이라 생각된다. Relationship between atmospheric aerosol transmissivity and air pollution was analyzed using observed data in a large industrial city, Pusan, Korea. The atmospheric aerosol transmissivity predicted by method of present study in Pusan was assessed by the method of Yamamoto et al.(1968) in order to set up an empirical model to predict the transmissivity using the various meteorological parameters and air pollution. As a result, good correlation between these tow method re observed. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the parameterization of air pollution suggested by this study is another method to give reliable estimate of atmospheric aerosol transmissivity and direct solar irradiance in Pusan.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

In order to examine the effect on the insolation of cloud cover, we analyzed the data of the insolation, cloud cover and surface air pressure in Pusan during the period of 1991. 10 - 1993.1. At first, we investigate the atmospheric transmissivity A(t) using the Beer's law at clear skies. The atmospheric transmissivity is characterized by cold season high and warn season low. From this atmospheric transmissivity, the empirical formula that shows the variation of the insolation due to the cloud cover is obtained. The result formula is I : l0 A(tn)·( 0.7-0.05×m ). 1 is the insolation that reaches the surface when cloud cover is m and to is solar constant. Although the result is some rough it seems meaningful that the estimation of insolation can be made only from the routine data.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.52-52
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• 1995

The temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric transmissivity and depletion rate of solar radiation are investigated, and are compared to the concentration of several components of air pollution. The length of the data span is 11 years from 1983 to 1993. The data of radiation and sunshine rate recorded at 20 meteorological standard stations were used, and in order to investigate a relationship between the depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution, the concentration data of air pollution observed in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Taejon and Kwangju were compiled from 1991 to 1993. Regression coefficient a and b vary from 0.100 to 0.209, from 0.464 to 0.691, and their means are 0.163 and 0.533, respectively. Climatological atmospheric transmissivity is ranged from 0.68 to 0.83, and its mean is 0.75. Atmospheric transmissivity is relatively low in Pusan, Taejon, Kwangju and Inchon which have large population and are highly industrialized. However, that in Chinju, Mokpo, Cheju and Sosan appears to be large compared to the aforementioned stations. Insolation rate of clear days varies from 0.71 to 0.58, and its mean is 0.63. Insolation rate of Kangnung and Chinju are higher than those of Seoul and Pusan by 5%. From the correlation coefficients between depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution concentration, the most significant factors related to the depletion rate of solar radiation is appeared to be TSP followed by $SO_2$. Ozone shows a negative correlation, End $NO_2$ does not show a obvious correlation with the depletion rate of solar radiation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.437-446
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• 1995

The temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric transmissivity and depletion rate of solar radiation are investigated, and are compared to the concentration of several components of air pollution. The length of the data span is 11 years from 1983 to 1993. The data of radiation and sunshine rate recorded at 20 meteorological standard stations were used, and in order to investigate a relationship between the depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution, the concentration data of air pollution observed in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Taejon and Kwangju were compiled from 1991 to 1993. Regression coefficient a and b vary from 0.100 to 0.209, from 0.464 to 0.691, and their means are 0.163 and 0.533, respectively. Climatological atmospheric transmissivity is ranged from 0.68 to 0.83, and its mean is 0.75. Atmospheric transmissivity is relatively low in Pusan, Taejon, Kwangju and Inchon which have large population and are highly industrialized. However, that in Chinju, Mokpo, Cheju and Sosan appears to be large compared to the aforementioned stations. Insolation rate of clear days varies from 0.71 to 0.58, and its mean is 0.63. Insolation rate of Kangnung and Chinju are higher than those of Seoul and Pusan by 5%. From the correlation coefficients between depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution concentration, the most significant factors related to the depletion rate of solar radiation is appeared to be TSP followed by $SO_2$. Ozone shows a negative correlation, End $NO_2$ does not show a obvious correlation with the depletion rate of solar radiation.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2014

항공기 추진 시스템의 IR 피탐지성은 노즐형상 및 대기조건에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 그 영향성을 분석하기 위해 대표적 스텔스 무인 항공기와 그 추진 시스템의 형상변형 수축노즐을 고려하였다. 먼저 압축성 CFD 코드를 이용하여 IR 신호 계산에 필요한 열유동장 및 노즐표면 온도 정보를 산출하였다. 플룸 IR 신호를 계산해 본 결과 축방향 신호수준은 상당히 감소하는 반면, 노즐의 좌우 측면에서는 노즐의 가로세로비 증가로 인해 플룸이 좌우로 확장되어 특정 가로세로비에서 상대적으로 증가된 플룸 IR 신호가 발생함을 확인하였다. 다음으로 LOWTRAN 7 코드와 연계하여 계절 및 관측거리 변화에 따른 대기 투과율을 분석하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 대기효과가 고려된 플룸 IR 신호를 계산하였다. 계산결과 계절이 여름일 경우와 비교적 근접의 관측거리에서 이산화탄소 밴드에서 IR 신호가 현저히 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2015

표적 대상 항공기의 적외선 lock-on range는 항공기의 생존성을 결정하는데 있어 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 무인항공기의 엔진 노즐 형상이 lock-on range에 미치는 영향에 관한 이론적 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 가상 아음속 항공기의 임무 요구조건과 엔진 성능분석을 통한 형상 변형노즐을 고려하였다. 먼저 열유동장과 노즐 표면 온도분포를 해석한 다음, 적외선 신호 해석을 수행하였다. 또한 대기전파 모델인 LOWTRAN 코드를 이용하여 고도와 계절변화에 따른 대기투과율을 계산하였다. IR 유도 미사일의 센서 특성값을 가정하여 여러 노즐형상에 대한 lock-on 및 lethal envelope 계산을 수행하였다. 높은 세장비를 갖는 변형노즐의 경우 최대 55.3%의 lock-on range 감소가 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.598-603
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• 2002

We summarize the activities concerning to the space-borne microwave radiometer (RAD) calibration and validation (Cal/Val) in China. It is important to know in advance the brightness temperature of a given sea surface before external calibrating RAD due to its special characteristic of system. In the paper, we analyse some modeling results on sea surface emissivity and atmospheric transmissivity at different frequencies, and compare the calculated brightness temperatures with those measurements from some air-borne microwave radiometers. We also introduced the whole contents on RAD Val and developed two methods of retrieving sea surface winds. We compared the retrievals of wind speeds to those from NDBC buoys. At last, we introduce some plans of Cal/Val for testing our RAD.

• 대기
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2011

Spectral solar irradiances were observed using a visible and UV Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer on the rooftop of the Science Building at Yonsei University, Seoul ($37.57^{\circ}N$, $126.98^{\circ}E$, 86 m) during one year period in 2006. 1-min measurements of global(total) and diffuse solar irradiances over the solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges from $20^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$ were used to examine the effects of clouds and total optical depth (TOD) on enhancing four solar irradiance components (broadband 395-955 nm, UV channel 304.5 nm, visible channel 495.2 nm, and infrared channel 869.2 nm) together with the sky camera images for the assessment of cloud conditions at the time of each measurement. The obtained clear-sky irradiance measurements were used for empirical model of clear-sky irradiance with the cosine of the solar zenith angle (SZA) as an independent variable. These developed models produce continuous estimates of global and diffuse solar irradiances for clear sky. Then, the clear-sky irradiances are used to estimate the effects of clouds and TOD on the enhancement of surface solar irradiance as a difference between the measured and the estimated clear-sky values. It was found that the enhancements occur at TODs less than 1.0 (i.e. transmissivity greater than 37%) when solar disk was not obscured or obscured by optically thin clouds. Although the TOD is less than 1.0, the probability of the occurrence for the enhancements shows 50~65% depending on four different solar radiation components with the low UV irradiance. The cumulus types such as stratoculmus and altoculumus were found to produce localized enhancement of broadband global solar irradiance of up to 36.0% at TOD of 0.43 under overcast skies (cloud cover 90%) when direct solar beam was unobstructed through the broken clouds. However, those same type clouds were found to attenuate up to 80% of the incoming global solar irradiance at TOD of about 7.0. The maximum global UV enhancement was only 3.8% which is much lower than those of other three solar components because of the light scattering efficiency of cloud drops. It was shown that the most of the enhancements occurred under cloud cover from 40 to 90%. The broadband global enhancement greater than 20% occurred for SZAs ranging from 28 to $62^{\circ}$. The broadband diffuse irradiance has been increased up to 467.8% (TOD 0.34) by clouds. In the case of channel 869.0 nm, the maximum diffuse enhancement was 609.5%. Thus, it is required to measure irradiance for various cloud conditions in order to obtain climatological values, to trace the differences among cloud types, and to eventually estimate the influence on solar irradiance by cloud characteristics.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권6_1호
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• pp.1423-1444
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 대기 및 지표면 인자들에 대한 중적외 파장역의 복사휘도의 민감도를 복사전달모델인 MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN)6을 이용하여 분석하고 이를 이용하여 야간에 중적외 파장역 만을 이용한 지표면온도 산출 가능성을 평가하였다. 이를 기반으로 야간에 대해 다양한 조건을 반영한 지표면온도 산출식을 개발하고 처방 온도 자료와 현장 관측 자료를 이용하여 개발된 지표면온도 산출식의 수준을 평가하였다. 중적외 파장역을 활용한 위성 원격탐사에 주로 영향을 미치는 대기연직구조, 이산화탄소와 오존, 지표면온도의 일 변동, 지표면 방출률 그리고 위성의 관측각에 대해 민감도 실험을 실시하였다. 이때 분리대기창 기법 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 중적외 파장역을 투과율을 근거로 2개의 밴드로 분리한 후 민감도를 분석한 결과 밴드와 관계없이 대기연직구조에 가장 큰 영향을 받으며 지표면 방출률, 지표면온도의 일 변동, 위성의 관측각 순으로 영향을 받았다. 주요 변인 실험 모두에서 대기의 창에 해당되는 밴드 1은 민감도가 낮은 반면 오존과 수증기 흡수가 포함된 밴드 2에서는 민감도가 높아서 분리대기창 기법을 활용하여 지표면온도 산출이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다. 중적외 2개 밴드와 다양한 변인들을 이용하여 개발된 지표면온도 산출식은 복사모의 시 입력된 기준 지표면온도와 상관계수, 편의 그리고 root mean squared error (RMSE)가 각각 0.999, 0.023K과 0.437K의 수준을 보였다. 또한 26개의 현장관측 지표면온도 자료로 검증한 결과 상관계수는 0.993, 편의는 1.875K, RMSE는 2.079K을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 대기 및 지표면 조건이 야간의 중적외 두 밴드에 미치는 영향이 다른 특성을 이용하여 지표면온도를 산출할 수 있음을 제시한다. 따라서 향후에는 중적외 파장역 센서를 탑재한 위성자료를 이용하여 지표면온도를 산출하고 그 수준을 평가해 볼 필요가 있다.