• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 1998

Aceclofenac is an orally effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent of the phenylacetic acid derivative. Bioequivalence study of two aceclofenac preparations, the test drug (Senafe $n_{R}$: Daewon Phar-maceutical Company) and the reference drug (Airta $l_{R}$: Daewoong Pharmaceutical Company), was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen healthy male volunteers, 24$\pm$4 years old and 63.9$\pm$6.9 kg of body weight in average, were divided randomly into two groups and administered the drug orally at the dose of 100 mg as aceclofenac in a 2$\times$2 crossover study. Plasma concentrations of aceclofenac were monitored by HPLC method for 12 hr after administration. AU $Co_{-12h}$ (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from initial to 12 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{msx}$) were compiled directly from the plasma drug concentration-time data. Student's t-test indicated no significant differences between the formulations in these parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there are no differences in AU $Co_{12h}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between the formulations. The apparent differences between the formulations were far less than 20% (e.g., 0.25, 0.01 and 7.32 for AU $Co_{-12h}$, $C_{max}$. and $T_{max}$, respectively). Minimum detectable differences (%) between the formulations at $\alpha$=0.05 and 1-$\beta$=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 14.65, 12.47 and 15.46 for AU $Co_{-l2h}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals for these parameters were also within $\pm$ 20% (e.g.,-10.19~10.68, -8.87~8.89 and -3.69~ 18.33 for AU $Co_{-12h}$, $C_{msx}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). These results satisfy the bioequivalence criteria of KFDA guidelines, indicating that two formulations of aceclofenac are bioequivalent.quivalent.ivalent.ent.t.ent.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.499-503
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• 2008

In order to control the non-point source pollution, a vegetative filter strips (VFS) was set up and the site-monitoring was performed. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the plant coverage on treatment efficiency of total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) using vegetative filter strips. According to the results, it seemed that the treatment efficiencies of T-N and T-P were closely related with the plant coverage ratio. The results showed that treatment efficiency of T-P average 50% at higher than 50% of the plant coverage and 20~23% at lower than 50% of the plant coverage. Also, the treatment efficiency of T-N increased with the increase of the plant coverage ratio.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the limits of stability(LOS) at different body positioning(standing and one leg standing) in normal 20 years of age. Fourty subjects participated in the study. Subjects comprised 20 males and 20 females who without neurologic, orthopaedic impairments and balance performance impaired. The LOS was measured at Two Feet Forceplate and One Leg Forceplate with BPM(Balance Performance Monitor) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. The subjects stood 4 inches between the feet at Two Feet Forceplate and stood one legged at One Leg Forceplate. In this study applied the paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the statistical significance of results at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The anteroposterior LOS significantly increased with one legged stance(p<0.05). 2) The mediolateral LOS significantly decreased with one legged stance(p<0.01). 3) There were significant difference posterior LOS in standing and anterior LOS in one legged stance according to sexual difference(p<0.05). 4) The mediolateral LOS was not significant difference between standing and one legged stance according to sexual difference(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.207-211
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• 2010

We have investigated the magnetoresistance effect in $Cr_5S_6$ single crystals prepared by vapor transport method. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals the phase formation of the single crystals with trigonal crystal structure. The magnetization was measured as a function of temperature (5 K~400 K) and applied magnetic field (0.1 T and 5 T). The magnetization curve as a function of temperature reveals the two transition states of $Cr_5S_6$: one from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic state at ~150 K and the other from ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic state at ~300 K. Temperature dependent resistivity at 0 T and 5 T magnetic field shows the metallic behavior, showing the transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic state at ~150 K. Magnetic field dependence of magnetization was measured at four fixed temperatures viz. 100 K, 150 K, 200 K, and 300 K. It is observed that at 200 K and 300 K it shows well M-H hysteresis behavior, whereas at 100 K and 150 K it shows non-hysteretic nature. A negative magnetoresistance (MR) of -2% is observed at 5 T for $Cr_5S_6$ single crystal at 150 K, near the antiferromagnetic transition temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

This study was carried out to assess the variations of water quality caused by the dam construction on the river. Six dams-Yongdam, Miryang, Hoengseong, Boryeong, Jangheung and Buan- constructed recently in Korea were selected for the study. Chemical oxygen demand(COD) was increased in the initial stage of water storage at dams compared to the lotic(river) environment, but after 3 years it was maintained lower and stabilized concentrations. Five dams except for Jangheung Dam were maintained Ia~Ib grade conditions under the water quality criteria of Korea. The concentrations of total nitrogen(T-N) were decreased under the lentic(reservoir) environment compared to the river status. Total phosphorus(T-P) was decreased 13~63% at the reservoir condition. We concluded that increase of COD concentration was due to the debris organic materials of the land, but temporary phenomenon. T-N and T-P concentrations were decreased at the lentic condition compared to the lotic.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.132-138
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the mass propagation system of Aster glehni FR. and to obtain the basic data for improvement of germination and seedling. The following was the results of experimentation about temperature and light conditions, and priming treatment as kinds of chemicals, their concentration and treated periods affect germination of Aster glehni FR. The germination percentage of Aster glehni FR. seed was higher in 20 and 25$^{\circ}C$ than the others, but it dropped rapidly at 30$^{\circ}C$ and didn't germinate at 35$^{\circ}C$. The first day to germination was the slowest at 15$^{\circ}C$. The germination rate of Aster glehni FR seed increased with increasing with temperatures from 15 to 25$^{\circ}C$. But the seed was rotten easily in high temperature. The germination rate was shown highest in 25$^{\circ}C$, and next was 15, 20, 30$^{\circ}C$ in order. Light treatment enhanced germination percentage, the first day to germination, germination rate and T50, but there was no significant difference. The 3 hours priming treatments had more effect on germination percentage than 30 minutes treatments as comparing averages. Aster glehni FR seeds primed in $KNO_3+K_3PO_4$ for 3 hours had most eHective on germination percentage (83.3%) and also showed shortest $T_{50{\cdot}}T_{50}$ and day of first germination was better in 30 minutes than 3 hours treatments, and most of priming treatments were better than control(non-priming seeds). While priming seeds showed shorter day of first gemination than control, there was no significant difference between 30 minutes and 3 hours treatments.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.848-858
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the $F_0$-values of a retort machine at different locations and to evaluate the effects of these $F_0$-values on various quality characteristics of retorted Samgyetang samples. Samples were divided into three groups based on $F_0$-values-T1, 10~20; T2, 20~30; T3, >30. Mineral content in Samgyetang broth and breast meat mostly increased with increasing $F_0$-values. In general, the free amino acid values, hardness, and springiness, except for bone springiness, of Samgyetang decreased significantly at higher $F_0$-values. Protein content of meat and broth of the treated samples were significantly lower than that of the control. An increase in the digestion rate of meat and porridge, as well as the turbidity of the broth was observed in most of the treated samples with increasing $F_0$-values. With increasing $F_0$-values, the $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of meat and the $b^*$ values of broth tended to increase, while the $a^*$ value of broth increased significantly. Electronic nose analysis revealed different flavor patterns for samples treated at different $F_0$-values. For sensory traits, samples treated with higher $F_0$-values tended to receive lower evaluations. Particularly, the color and texture of T3 samples were lower than those of T1 and T2 samples. In conclusion, to improve the quality of Samgyetang, the efficiency and optimization of retort machines as well as the standardization of sterilization techniques are needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.263-271
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• 1995

The purpose of this study nab to evlauate and compare the effect of the variable factors of wire on the elastic properties of looped rectangular wire. Five variable factors were presented-material(Hi-T, blue Elgiloy), wire size(.016'$\;\times\;$.022', .018'$\;\times\;$.025'), loop length(15mm, 20mm), loop configuration(open loop, closed loop), gabling (non-gable, gable). So, the total 256 specimens were divided into 32 groups, and each of those nab pulled on Instron testing machine. The load-deflection curve of each wire obtained, from which force, range in elastic limit, and stiffness were computed and analyzed statistically. The results were obtained as follows : 1. All of the variable factors - wire material, size, loop length loop configuration, and gabling - took a significant effect on load-deflection rate of looped wire. 2. The force at elastic limit was the smallest in the group of Hi-T, .016'$\;\times\;$.022', 20mm loop length, open loop, non-gable, and the largest in the group of blue Elgiloy, .018'$\;\times\;$.025', 15mm loop length, closed loop, non-gable. 3. The range at elastic limit was the smallest in the group of Hi-T, .018'$\;\times\;$.025', 15mm loop length, open loop, non-gable, and the largest in the group of HI-T, .016'$\;\times\;$.022', 20mm loop length, closed loop, gable. 4. Loop configuration and loop length were the most effective factors on the elastic properties of looped wires, and gabling was the least effective.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.556-563
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of container types on seedling growth of Chamaecyparis obtusa (2-year-old) in the container nursery culture. We used three container types [20 cavities (400 mL/cavity, $150seedlings/m^2$), 24 cavities (320 mL/cavity, $200seedlings/m^2$), and 35 cavities (240 mL/cavity, $260seedlings/m^2$)] and measured root collar diameter (RCD), height, biomass, root density and seedling quality index (SQI). The RCD, height, biomass, root density and SQI were the highest at 20 cavities/tray because this container has the largest volume and lowest seedling density. However, H/D and T/R ratio at all container types were not significantly different. The total biomass per unit area ($m^2$) were the lowest at 35 cavities/tray and those at both 20 and 24 cavities/tray were not significantly different. Container volume was positively correlated with RCD, height, biomass, root density and SQI except for H/D and T/R ratio, while seedling density negatively affected on them. Based on these results, 20 cavities/tray are optimal for container seedling production of C. obtusa. Usage of optimal container will make us get better quality seedlings and reduction of production costs in the container nursery as well as good field performances with higher survival rate in plantation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 1997

Comparative studies on suppression possibility with three phytoseiid mite species (An.thly,seiu,sw omersleyi Schicha. A. ,fidIrrc~i.Gs arman and T\ulcornerphlorlrotiiu.s oc~c~idetitaliNs esbit) to the two-spotted spider mite (Te~trrrt~yc.Iir~l~l\ulcorner.i\c .(re Kwh) on kidney bean leaves in field and greenhouse were carried out. In the field experiments with the initial prey -predator ratio of 4 : 1. I0 : I and 20: I . A. ,firllrrcis suppressed successfully the prey populations at all three ratios 17 days after the initial infestation. A. wornc,r-;leyi \uppressed the prey population only at the ratio of 4 : 1, while T. oc~c~ideritcr1iw.s as unable to suppress the prey population at all tested ratios. In the greenhouse experiments with the initial prey-predator ratio of 10: 1, A. jil1ltrci.s could suppress the prey population continuously during the infestation period. A. ~~otnc~r,slceoyuil d suppress the prey population for 13 days after the initial infestation, while T. occie1mttrli.s could suppress the prey population for 8 - 23 days after the initial infestation.