• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.502-509
• /
• 2003

After 800 students of Chonbuk National University was examined, 86 people (male : 43, female : 43, mean age : 22.2 years old) was selected as a group of normal occlusion. From their gypsum cast, this conclusion was obtained. 1. Intra-observer measurement errors in buccolingual diameter, maxillary lateral incisors have somewhat bigger errors. In mesiodistal diameter, maxillary first molars and maxillary second molar have bigger numerical value. Mean errors of measurement are 0.051mm at buccolingual diameter of crown and 0.083mm at mesiodistal diameter. 2. Fluctuating asymmetry is 0.030 average in buccolingual diameter, and 0.037 average in mesiodistal diameter. Statistically there are no big differences. 3. Male has longer buccolingual diameter than female in every permanent teeth. Teeth which have statistical difference in buccolingual diameter are maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary canine, maxillary second molar, mandibular central incisor, mandibular canine, mandibular second premolar, and mandibular first molar. In mesiodistal diameter maxillary central incisor, maxillary canine, and mandibular first molar have statistically difference. 4. Tooth which has the biggest difference depending on gender is maxillary lateral incisor in buccolingual diameter and mandibular canine in mesiodistal diameter. 5. Both sexes have similar crown index. Male has bigger value of crown module measurement and crown area measurement in every tooth. Crown area considered as size of tooth from occlusal surface was bigger in male than in female statistically except some teeth, maxillary first premolar, mandibular lateral incisor, first premolar and second premolar.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2005

This study is aimed to inspect how the different sensitivities in Behavioral activation system(BAS) and behavioral inhibition system(BIS) modulate on the properties of physiological responses stimulated by positive or negative affective sound. We measured the electroencephalogram(EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) of 32 students, consisted of four groups depending on the BAS and BIS sensitivities, during listening to meditation music or noise. The EEG was recorded at Fpl and Fp2 sites and Power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency and high frequency[HF]). After listening to music or noise, subjects reported the affect induced by the sound. For EEG, the power in the alpha band at Fp2, especially in the alpha-2 band(9.0-11.0 Hz) increased during the subjects listening to music, while the power at Fpl increased during noise. During listening to meditation music, there is a tendency that the left-sided activation in prefrontal cortex(PFC) is positively correlated with the difference of BAS(Z)-BIS(Z). During listening to noise, there is a tendency that the right-sided activation in PFC is dominant in case any of the sensitivity of BAS or BIS is high. For HRV, we found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening to music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity both BIS and BAS individuals. With high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that the physiological responses of different individuals in BAS and BIS react differently under the same emotionally provocative challenge.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reactivity to acetazolamide (ACZ) is useful to select patients with hemodynamic failure. However, it is still a matter of speculation that varying degrees of regional CBF increases after ACZ administration represent the severity or stage of regional hemodynamic failure as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET). We studied to elucidate whether ACZ challenge $^{123}I-IMP$ brain single photon emission tomography (SPECT) can accurately grade the seventy of regional hemodynamic failure. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients (M: 16, F: 2, average age: 61 years) with unilateral occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery or the trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Patients undewent $^{123}I-IMP$ brain SPECT study with acetazolamide challenge and PET study was carried out within 2 weeks before and after SPECT study. Five healthy volunteers with a mean age of 48 years (range: 28-73 yr, M: 3, F: 2) underwent PET studies to determine normal values. In SPECT study, an asymmetry index (Al)-the percentage of radioactivity of region of interest (ROI) in the occlusive cerebrovascular lesion to the contralateral homologous ROI-was used for numerical evaluation of relative $^{123}I-IMP$ distribution. In PET study, regional CBF, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ($CMRO_2$) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) values were measured with $^{15}O-labeled$ gas inhalation method and the values were used for comparison with Al (Al during acetazolamide challenge-Al of basal study) on the SPECT study. ROls were classified by severity into three groups (normal, stage I and stage II). Results: Mean values of Al in areas with normal, stage I and stage II hemodynamic failure were $6.25{\pm}7.77%\;(n=107),\;-10.38{\pm}10.41%\:(n=117)\;and\;13.30{\pm}10.51%\;(n=140)$, respectively. Al significantly differed with each groups (p<0.05). Correlation between Al and CBF, OEF and CBV/CBF in hemisphere with occlusive cerebrovascular lesion was 0.20 (p<0.01), -0.28 (p<0.01) and -0.28 (p<0.01), respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that $^{123}I-IMP$ brain SPECT with acetazolamide challenge could determine the severity ad stage of regional hemodynamic failure as assessed by PET.