• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

GPS 환경에서 다중경로 신호는 의사거리 측정 정확도의 성능을 감소시키므로 GPS에 기반한 응용에서 위치 성능 감소로 나타나며, 이는 특히 고층 건물이 많은 도심환경 및 수면에 의한 반사가 많은 해양에서 문제가 된다. 다중경로 신호는 GPS 수신기 내부 상관기에서 상관 함수의 Early-Late 간 비대칭을 유발하므로, 본 논문에서는 Late 상관 값의 비대칭 정도를 보상하여 다중경로 오차를 제거하기 위한 가중 상관기 구조를 소프트웨어 GPS 수신기를 이용하여 구현하고, 그 성능을 평가하였다. 가중 상관기는 2개의 상관 암으로 이루어진 다중 상관기를 사용하여 상관함수의 비대칭 여부를 판단하고, 비대칭성을 감소시키기 위한 보정치를 생성한다. 이 구조는 다중 상관기에 비하여 연산 처리량 부하는 감소시키는 반면, 비슷한 다중경로 오차 제거 성능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 다중경로 신호 생성 블록을 포함한 GPS 신호 발생기와 가중 상관기 구조를 포함한 소프트웨어 GPS 수신기를 이용하여 다중경로 오차 제거 성능을 검증하였다. 실험을 통하여 가중 상관기가 일반 상관기와 협대역 상관기보다 더 나은 오차 제거 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2021

Objectives: In the present study, the effects of sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) combined with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) for the treatment of asymmetric mandible in class III malocclusion patients were assessed and the postoperative stability of the mandibular condyle and the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) evaluated. Materials and Methods: A total of 82 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for the treatment of facial asymmetry or mandibular asymmetry at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong-A University Hospital, from 2016 to 2021 were selected. The patients that underwent SSRO with IVRO were assigned to Group I (n=8) and patients that received bilateral SSRO (BSSRO) to Group II (n=10, simple random sampling). Preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) axial images obtained for each group were superimposed. The condylar position changes and degree of rotation on the superimposed images were measured, and the changes in condyle based on the amount of chin movement for each surgical method were statistically analyzed. Results: Group I showed a greater amount of postoperative chin movement. For the amount of mediolateral condylar displacement on the deviated side, Groups I and II showed an average lateral displacement of 0.07 mm and 1.62 mm, respectively, and statistically significantly correlated with the amount of chin movement (P=0.004). Most of the TMD symptoms in Group I patients who underwent SSRO with IVRO showed improvement. Conclusion: When a large amount of mandibular rotation is required to match the menton to the midline of the face, IVRO on the deviated side is considered a technique to prevent condylar torque. In the present study, worsening of TMD symptoms did not occur after orthognathic surgery in any of the 18 patients.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2013

Grunt(stick-slip) noise happens between rear lining and drum on braking condition while vehicle is returning to steady position after nose-dive. The study presents a new testing and analysis methods for improving brake grunt noise on vehicle. Grunt noise is called a kind of stick slip noise with below 1 kHz frequency that is caused by the surfaces alternating between sticking to each other and sliding over each other with a corresponding change in friction force. This noise is typically come from that the static friction coefficient of surfaces is much higher than the kinetic friction coefficient. For the identification of the excitation mechanism and improvement of grunt noise, it is necessary to study variable parameters of rear drum brake systems on vehicle and to implement CAE analysis with stick slip model of drum brake. The aim of this study has been to find solution parameters throughout test result on vehicle and dynamo test. As a result of this study, it is generated from stick slip between rear lining and rear drum and it can be solved to reduce contact angle of lining with asymmetric and is effected not only brake drum strength but also rear brake size and brake factor.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2017

수중에서 기동하는 소형무인 플랫폼은 미래의 핵심적인 해군전력이지만, 이와 동시에 아군세력을 위협하는 비대칭 세력이기도 하다. 이러한 소형무인 플랫폼을 탐지, 식별하기 위한 하나의 방법으로 반복적 수치해석 기법에 기반한 물성추정 기법을 소개한다. 물성추정 기법은 표적의 위치정보뿐만 아니라 표적의 물리적인 물성치를 추정할 수 있기 때문에 정지한 표적을 탐지 및 식별할 수 있으며, 다수의 수중표적도 동시에 탐지 가능하며, 표적과 주변 자연물체와의 구분이 가능한 장점을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 제안한 기법을 보다 확장하여, 실제 호수시험 획득자료를 이용하여 실제 수중 소형표적을 대상으로 물성추정을 수행하였다. 그 결과 단 한 개의 채널신호만으로도 소형플랫폼에 대한 물성추정이 가능하였으며, 현장자료에도 강인한 결과를 획득할 수 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1988

Degeneration of the axon terminals of mamillo-thalamic tract following the electrical coagulation of mamillary body is well known. In this study, the author investigated the ultrastructural alterations of neuropil components, initiated by terminal degenerations. Rats weighing approximately 250 gm were fixed on the stereotaxic instrument(David Kopf Inc., Heavy duty model), and NE 300 active electrode(Rhodes Med. Instr. Inc.) was introduced to the mamillary position of anterior 3.8 mm, lateral 0.5 mm, height 3.8 mm and lateral angle of $23^{\circ}$ according to De Groot's Atlas. Electric current of 20 mA was applied during 1 minute between active and inactive electrodes with Radio Frequency Lesion Generator(RFG 4, Radionics Inc.). Two hours, 2 days, 1 week and 2 weeks following the electrical coagulation of mamillary body, ipsilateral anterior thalamic nucleus was fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde-l% paraformaldehyde and 2% osmium tetroxide, embedded in Araldite mixture, cutted with LKB ultra tome V, stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate and observed with JEOL 100 CX electron microscope. Observed results were as follows; 1. Degenerated mamillo-thalamic synapses were observed to form asymmetric axospinous or axo-dendritic types. 2. Terminal degeneration was not easily discernible at 2 hours interval after mamillary lesion, but following 2 days the terminal degeneration was apparent. 3. Postsynaptic spines, dendrites and even their cell bodies show edematic changes caused by the degeneration of postsynaptic counterpart. 4. Astrocytic territories, including perivascular processes forming glial limitans of blood-brain barrier, exhibit remarkable expansion. 5. Oligoglia and astroglia are actively engaged in the removal of degenerated elements. 6. Active forms of microglia were increased. 7. The observed results may represent typical ultrastructural alteration pattern within neuropil following the degeneration of certain input axon terminals.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권9A호
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• pp.830-837
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• 2005

다중경로 무선 채널 환경에서 지연확산에 따른 ISI를 제거하기 위한 등화기는 그 구조에 따라 선형과 비선형 구조로 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문은 ISI제거 성능이 개선된 적응형 선형 등화기를 제안한다. 제안된 등화기는 준 최적의 수신기인 MMSE 기반의 적응 등화기로써, 비대칭적인 구조의 등화 필터로 구성된다. 등화 필터의 비대칭적인 구조는 기준 탭을 필터 중앙으로부터 측면으로 이동시켜 구현하며, 이러한 구조는 precusor ISI와 postcusor ISI의 분리 제거를 가능하게 하여 기존의 선형 적응 등화기에 비해 향상된 ISI 제거 범위를 갖게 된다. UWB 시스템의 채널 모델인 S-V 채널에서 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 기존의 선형 적응 등화기와 제안된 등화기의 비튜오류율 성능을 비교한다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2006

Strapdown Inertial navigation systems consist of an inertial sensor assembly(ISA), electronic modules to process sensor data, and a navigation computer to calculate attitude, velocity and position. In the ISA, most gryoscopes such as RLGs and FOGs, have digital output, but typical accelerometers use current as an analog output. For a high precision inertial navigation system, sufficient stability and resolution of the accelerometer board converting the analog accelerometer output into digital data needs to be guaranteed. To achieve this precision, the asymmetric error and A/D reset scale error of the accelerometer board must be properly compensated. If the relation between the acceleration error and the errors of boards are exactly known, the compensation and estimation techniques for the errors may be well developed. However, the A/D Reset scale error consists of a pulse-train type term with a period inversely proportional to an input acceleration additional to a proportional term, which makes it difficult to estimate. In this paper, the effects on the acceleration output for auto-pilot situations and the effects of A/D reset scale errors during horizontal alignment are qualitatively analyzed. The result can be applied to the development of the real-time compensation technique for A/D reset scale error and the derivation of the design parameters for accelerometer board.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권3호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 IETF CAT Working Group에서 발표한 PKNIT 기반의 인증서비스를 향상시킨 Kerberos 인증 메커니즘을 제안한다. PHNIT기반의 X.509, BS/DNS를 적용하여 영역간의 서비스를 제공하는 인증과 키 교환방식으로 DNS를 통해 외부영역의 위치를 탐색하고 X.509 디렉토리 인증 시스템을 적용, 영역간 체인(CertPath)으로 DNS 서버로부터 공개키를 획득하여 다른 영역을 인증하도록 하였다. 영역간 인증과 키 교환은 Kerberos의 관용키 암호방식을 사용하고 세션 연결은 공개키 방식에 기반을 둔 X.509를 연동시키기 위하여 디렉토리서비스를 이용하였다. 이로써 Client를 확인하기 위한 임의 난수 키($K_{rand}$) 생성과 이로 인한 이중 암호화 과정을 배제하였으며 통신상의 Overload를 감소시키는 효과와 인증절차의 간소화를 가지는 Kerberos 시스템을 설계하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2011

Purpose: Chin is located in a prominent position, and is important to balance and harmony of the face. Genioplasty is widely performed with patients' high satisfaction, yet being relatively simple procedure. Recently in analysis of dentofacial trait, three rotational variables of yaw, pith, and roll are considered with three translational variables (forward/backward, up/down, right/left). And we could correct chin deformity effectively by applying the three rotational variables with three translational variables in genioplasty. Methods: Twenty-eight patients who have chin deformity underwent osseous genioplasty. Preoperative photography, facial three dimensional computed tomography, and cephalography were taken while chin deformities were accessed. The chin deformity was classified into four categories; macrogenia, microgenia, asymmetric chin deformity, and combined chin deformity groups. According to the nature of chin deformities and the patients' desire, preoperative plans were formulated, in consideration of three rotational variables and translational variables. Through intraoral approach, anterior mandible was exposed in the subperiosteal plane between the mental foramens and beneath the mental foramens. In the anterior mandible, vertical and horizontal grid lines with 5 mm intervals were marked to confirm the spatial location of osteomized bone segment after osteotomy. Chin repositioning was done in consideration of axial rotation and planar translation. Results: Most of the patients had achieved satisfactory results with few complications. By considering the three rotational variables, it was possible to make the chin repositioning effectively. One of the patients complained about insufficient chin correction. In other case, persistent sensory impairment around chin was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is worthwhile to apply preoperative analysis and operative procedures in consideration of a three rotational variables with three translational variables in genioplasty.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.