• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.67-82
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• 1999

The effects of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs on glutamte receptor, and the regulatory mechanism of cAMP-protein kinase on the ion currents activated by Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs using nystatin-perforated patch clamp were investigated and the following results were obtained. Ginseng radix and Astragali radix, Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae herba, and Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma were chosen as Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs respectively. 1. The ion currents activated by $10^{-5}M$ of glycine were used as controls. The magnitudes of the ion currents by the above named herbs were as follows; Cervi cornu>Astragali radix>Aconiti tuber>Zingiberis rhizoma>Ginseng radix>Boshniakiae herba. 2. The magnitudes of the ion currents by $10^{-5}M$ of glutamate pre-treated with 0.01 mg/ml of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs were sharply decreased. 3. The activity of ion channels activated by Bogi herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase, for thirty seconds was observed as the experiment proceeded. Staurosporin brought about dephosphorylation of ion channels. Hence, while the activity of ion channels activated by Ginseng radix was decreased, the activity of ion channels activated by Astragali radix was increased, as time went by. 4. The activity of ion channels activated by Boyang herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Cervi cornu was increased, the activity of ion channels activated by Boshniakiae herba was initially increased then sharply decreased. 5, The activity of ion channels activated by Onri herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Aconiti tuber was increased, that of ion channels activated by Zingiberis rhizomal sharply declined.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-258
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• 2019

Background: Astragali radix (A) and Lithospermi radix (L) have long been used as traditional medicines due to their known anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed at evaluating, their optimal mixing ratio and their functional compounds by investigating the inhibitory effects of mixed extracts of A and L and their active compounds on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Methods and Results: A and L extracts were obtained by extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ using 50% and 70% fermented alcohol, respectively, and then mixed at a ratio of 5 : 5, 6 : 4, 7 : 3 and 8 : 2 (w/w). The activities of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 were evaluated in interleukin-1beta ($IL-1{\beta}$)-induced SW1353 cells. The extract mixtures showed synergistic inhibitory effects on MMP-3 and MMP-13, higher than the effects of the individual A and L extracts. The 7 : 3 mixture (ALM16) showed the most effective MMPs inhibitory activity, while among the active ingredients, calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and lithospermic acid exhibited excellent MMPs inhibitory activity. Additionally, an HPLC method was established for simultaneous quantification of the effective components of the extract mixtures, and validated by measuring the linearity, precision and accuracy of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Conclusions: ALM16 showed the most effective MMPs inhibitory activity. Calycosin-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, calycosin and lithospermic acid were identified as useful candidates, as they were the major functional compounds in the MMP inhibitory activity. Summarily, ALM16 might be a highly effective in osteoarthritis management, owing to its because it exhibits a protective effect on cartilage via excellent inhibition of MMPs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.179-214
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• 1999

The result were as follows: 1. Yu Wan So(劉完素) regarded the cause of surgical disease as the heat(熱). He used the three method to drain(疏通), promoting pus drainage(托裏) and the balance between ying-energy(營氣) and wei-energy(衛氣). 2. Jang Jong Jeung(張從正) only refered to medicines without entire theory. 3. Lee Dong Won(李東垣) regarded the cause of surgical disease as the greasy diet(膏梁厚味), damp air(濕氣), wetness heat(濕熱). For each treatment he used the method of Yu Wan So's treatment and emphasized the balance between ying-energy(營氣) and wei-energy(衛氣), stomach energy(胃氣). 4. Ju Jin Heung(朱震亨) distinguished the cause of surgical disease from enternal(內), external(外) and channel(經). For each treatment he used the method to drain(疏通), promoting pus drainage(托裏) and the balance between ying-energy(營氣) and wei-energy(衛氣). The first stage used the clearing away heat and toxic materials(淸熱解毒) and the last stage used the invigoration and dispersion(補托). 5. Yu Wan So(劉完素) used to be very busy of Moschus(麝香), Alumen(白礬), Olibanum(乳香), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連), Minium(黃丹) and Scutel1ariae Radix(黃芩) In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine are activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀), clearing away heat and toxic materials( 淸熱解毒) and external application(外用). 6. Jang Jong Jeung(張從正) used to be very busy of Olibanum(乳香), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Minium(黃丹), Myrrha(沒藥), Calomelas(輕粉), Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma(大黃) and Phellodendri Cortex(黃柏). In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine arc activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀), clearing away heat and toxic materials(淸熱解毒) and diverged wind-cold evil(發散風寒). 7. Lee Dong Won(李東垣) used to be very busy of Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), Scuteliariae Radix(黃芩), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸). Astragali Radix(황기), Glycyrrhizae Radix(炙甘草), Bupleuri Radix(紫胡), Phellodendri Cortcx(黃柏), and Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連). In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine are activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀), regulating vital energy(理氣) and clearing away heat and toxic materials(淸熱解毒). 8. Ju Jin Heung(朱震亨) used to be very busy of Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Astragali Radix(황기), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Phellodendri Cortex(黃柏), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Qlibanum(乳香). In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine are clearing away heat and toxic materiaIs(淸熱解毒), activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀) and diverged wind-cold evil(發散風寒).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 1984

'Bojungikgi-tang' consists of Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix. It has been widely prescribed in oriental medicine for controlling digestive functions and for health. Experimental studies were implemented on analgesic, sedative and antipyretic actions. The results showed significant analgesic and antipyretic actions were recognized. Sedative actions were significantly noted.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequently used herbal materials among herbal prescription for vascular dementia. Methods : Every article relevant to vascular dementia was initially obtained from a Korean database and PubMed. Keywords searched were 'vascular dementia', 'herbal medicine' and 'human'. Results : Clinical study, which vascular dementia were treated with herbal medicine, were 12. Among these 12 articles, 6 were case study, 1 was Controlled Clinical Trial and 5 were Ramdomized Controlled Trial (RCT). High frequently used herbal materials were Ginseng Radix (9 times), Cnidii Rhizoma (8 times), Glycyrrhizae Radix, Citri Pericarpium, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (6 times). Conclusions : We could know frequent-used herbal medicine for vascular dementia. To be aware of the frequently used herbal medicine for vascular dementia can be helpful in adding herbal materials to prescription in a clinical treatment and development of new drugs.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate sulfur dioxide in herb drugs.(Puerariae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Platycodi Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Nelumbo Seed, Paeoniae Radix, Remotiflori Radix, Astragali Radix, Polygonatum Rhizome) Experimental subjects included 105 cases of 10 species of herb drugs collected in Kyung-dong market from December in 2001 to February in 2002. Sulfur dioxide was determined by Optimized Monier-Wiliams method. In 65 cases(61.9%) of the 105 cases, we detected $SO_2$ over 10mg/kg. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 1998

Sporadic diarrhea occurring predominantly in infants and young children is a significant illness of worldwide importance. Rotaviruses are the etiologic agents for 47% of the cases of infantile diarrhea in Seoul, Korea. This research was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effect of traditional herbal medicines on rotatvirus infection. Among tested 50 kinds of herbal medicines, Coptidis Rhizoma was best on inhibitory activity of rotavirus infection, followed by Astragali Radix and Anthrisci Radix. The active component of Coptidis Rhizoma was berberine.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.370-381
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• 1998

The effect of herbal medicine on osteoporosis was studied using ovariectomized rats as an animal model of Type I osteoporosis and SAM P6 mice as that of Type II. Each traditiona l boiling water extract of Achyranthis Radix, Psoraleae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Corni Fructus and Mycelia of Ganoderma, and systemic water fraction of Astragali Radix was given 5g(dried herbal weight)/kg/day p.o. for 30 days in each group of ovariectomized rats, SAM R1 and SAM P6. The extract of Cervi parvum Cornu was given for 14 days only. One ml of blood was taken by tail vein at day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after administration of the extract. Plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine,inorganic phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, cortisol, total $T_3\;and\;total\;T_4$ were measured. In ovariectomized rats, administration of Achyranthis Radix or Corni Fructus decreased in alkaline phosphatase and that of Achyranthis Radix or Psoraleae Radix decreased in calcium comparing to the control (p<0.05). The administration of Psoralese Radix decreased in calcium and increased in urea comparing to day o(P<0.05)(Table I). There were not much changes in plasma calcium, inorganic phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations after uptake of these herbal medicine used in SAM P6(Table III). However, administration of Astragali Radix altered plasma inorganic phosphate and creatinine levels in SAM R1(p<0.01)(Table UU). The administration of Corni Fructus or Psoralease Radix induced the changes in plasma concentrations of cortisol, total $T_3$ and total $T_4$ in Type I(p<0.05) (Table IV). The uptake of Cervi parvum Cornu increased in total $T_3$ concentration and that of Mycelia of Ganodtragali Radix in SAM P6. However, the uptake of Mycelia of Ganoderma induced changes in cortisol and $T_4$ concentrations in SAM R1(p<0.05). Thus, there were significant differences in responses of herbal medicine in different types of osteoporosis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

The three medicinal herbs, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, irradiated with γ-rays have been tested for their possible genotoxicity. The hot water extracts of the 10 kGy γ-ray irradiated herbs were examined in the Salmonella mutagenicity test(histidine reversion assay; Ames test) using Salmonella. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as tester strains. No mutagenicity was detected in this assay both with and without metabolic activation. The safety of the herbs irradiated with γ-rays at tactical doses needs to be evaluated in further tests of genotoxicity in vivo and chronic and reproductive toxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.104-121
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• 1999

The results were as follows ; 1. The treatment method is most used reinforcing the spleen and strengthening of Ki(氣) detoxication and draining of pus on each stage. In first stage, the method of actirating blood and aeration of Lag(絡) nourishing blood and moisturizing skin is used. In ulcer stage, the method of expelling blood stasis and detoxication, promoting pus and drainage is used. In chronic stage, strengthening of Ki(氣) and blood, invigiration and dispersion is used. 2. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Paljintang(八珍湯) and the next are Insamyangyoungtang(人蔘養榮湯). Taglisodongum(托裏消耗飮) ect. In the frequency of medicine the most numerous medicine is Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸) and the next are Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草), Astragali Radix(황기) etc. 3. In the frequency of prescription of exteral therapy. the most numerous prescription is Saengioghongo(生肌玉紅膏), Saengisan(生肌散) and the next are hongsungdan(紅升丹), guildan(九一丹) etc. In the frequency of medicine of exteral therapy, the most numerous medicine is Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草) and the next are Calomelas(輕粉), Draconis Resina(血竭) etc.