• 제목/요약/키워드: Associations

검색결과 3,004건 처리시간 0.03초

Associations of age, body mass index, and breast size with mammographic breast density in Korean women

  • Su Yeon Ko;Min Jung Kim
    • Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 2023
  • We aimed (a) to investigate the associations between age, body mass index (BMI), and breast size with mammographic density based on the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) and volumetric breast density measurement (VBDM) with Volpara, (b) to evaluate the associations of age, BMI, and breast size with fibroglandular tissue volume (FGV), and (c) to demonstrate the association of mammographic density grade with FGV. From April 2012 to May 2012, 1,203 women consecutively underwent mammography, and their breast density was calculated using the density grade and volume determined by Volpara. In total, 427 women were included in this study. The BMI and breast size of the 427 women were determined. The associations between mammographic density and age, BMI, and bra cup size were assessed. In addition, the associations between FGV and age, BMI, bra cup size, and mammographic density were assessed. The mean age of the women was 51 years (range, 27-83). Age was associated with mammographic density based on BI-RADS (P<0.0001), and both age and BMI were associated with mammographic density based on Volpara (P<0.0001). The mean FGV significantly decreased as age increased (P<0.0001) and increased as BMI and bra cup size increased (P<0.0001 and P=0.0007, respectively). Age was associated with mammographic density, according to both the BI-RADS and VBDM; however, BMI was only associated with mammographic density based on the VBDM. Larger FGV was associated with younger age, higher BMI, larger bra cup size, and higher mammographic density

마케팅 믹스 요소가 브랜드 자산에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Marketing Mix elements on brand Equity)

  • 류장무
    • 산업융합연구
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.41-70
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    • 2003
  • Many researches on brand equity have been focused in definition about it, factors of it, and the process of formation. Most of them have been used by voluntary production category, as is durable goods or nondurable goods. But this study, using the model is developed by Foote, Cone & Be1ding(FCB) Company, classified four fields, high-low involvement, rationality(rational or sensitive) involvement. The selected goods is a sensitive high involvement(casual wear). This study investigate the effects of brand equity and search the influences of brand equity formation according to factors of marketing mix. To this goals, this study kept a literature survey and a demonstrative research. In literature survey, there are several definitions of brand and brand equity. The research model is derived from selected factors of marketing mix and former study. This study used the regression analysis to verify effects from brand equity through the selected marketing mix. The research data is collected from the capital area. The focus of this study is effects of brand equity according to marketing mix. The followings are results and suggestions of this study. First, in the price factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the perceived quality and the brand awareness in a rational high involvement goods, the perceived quality and the brand associations in a sensitive high involvement goods, all factors of brand equity in a rational low involvement goods, and the perceived quality in a sensitive low involvement goods. As summary, the important characteristics is the price factors to consumers, and consumers recognize that a high price means a high quality. Second, in the store image factors, the affirmative effects are revealed all brand equity factors in a rational high involvement and a sensitive high-low involvement. A good store image incites more interest, contact, and visit from potential consumer. And such store offers more consumer satisfaction, simulates more active and positive conversation to consumers. Third, in advertising spending factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand awareness and associations in a rational high involvement and a sensitive high involvement, all brand equity factors in a rational low involvement and a sensitive low involvement. An advertisement increases not only a brand awareness but also strong brand associations. Forth, in price promotion factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand associations in a rational high involvement, the negative effects are revealed all brand equity in sensitive high involvement. According the result about the effects of brand royalty through the brand equity factors, a perceived quality and brand associations have positive effects to brand royalty in all factors. Consumers choice a deep perceived quality than other competitive brand. So, brand equity will increase according to a qualitative grade of a perceived brand by consumers. Brand associations represent a quality and a degree of involvement. In conclusion, brand associations and equity have a positive relation each other. According to the analysis results about a brand royalty of selected marketing mix factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the store image and price promotion factors in a rational high involvement, the price and store image in a sensitive high involvement, and the price and advertising spending in a rational low involvement. The results about the affect of selected marketing mix factors according to brand equity, are the perceived quality in a high involvement, and all brand equity factors in a low involvement. The affirmative effects about a store image are revealed all equity factors in high-low involvement. In advertising spending factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand awareness and associations in a high involvement goods, and the perceived quality and the brand awareness in a low involvement goods. In price promotion factors, the affirmative effects are revealed the brand awareness in a low involvement goods, and the negative effects are revealed the brand awareness in a high involvement goods. According to a degree of involvement, the results of a brand royalty through a brand equity factors are following. The affirmative effects are revealed the perceived quality and the brand royalty in a high involvement goods, and the brand awareness are revealed a negative effect. The affirmative effects are revealed the perceived Quality and the brand associations in a low involvement goods. So, in a high involvement goods, the brand royalty is built by strong brand associations, but, in a low involvement goods, the brand royalty is built also by a perceived Quality and a brand awareness. This study have some concept of limitation. So, this study presents a future direction of research. First, a future study has to have more deep analysis for this study analyzed through a limited marketing mix factors. Second, a future research has to get mutual effects about brand equity of marketing mix factors for this study has an individual marketing decision factors. Third, for the future, a brand equity needs a research about a several goods such as services, profit or nonprofit, industrial products, culture, and so on. Forth, the research have to diversify a various data for population.

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아버지의 자녀에 대한 가치 및 미래 기대와 양육분담 (Fathers' Values and Future Expectations Regarding Children and Their self-evaluated Shared Parenting)

  • 김수연;김다혜;김연하
    • 한국보육지원학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.201-214
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    • 2017
  • Objective: This study is to examine the associations between fathers' values and future expectations on children and their self-evaluated equivalence to their spouses in child rearing practices. Methods: The data were from 997 fathers with young children who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children (2013). The associations between variables were analyzed with frequency, correlations and hierarchical analysis using SPSS 20 Program. Results: Fathers with emotional values on children or future expectations focused on their children's happiness and altruism are more willing to share child raring practices with their partners. In contrast, fathers with expectation focused on future financial success of their children are less willing to share parenting with their partners. Conclusion/Implications: Fathers' values and future expectations for their children are meaningful predictors of shared parenting in married couples with young children. However, the directions of associations differ based on which types of values and future exportations fathers have regarding their children.

TENDER WITH ACCORDANCE TO FIDIC $(F\acute{e}d\acute{e}ration Internationale des Ing\acute{e}nieurs-Conseils)$

  • ;김수용;이영대
    • 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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    • pp.335-340
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    • 2002
  • FIDIC $(F\acute{e}d\acute{e}ration Internationale des Ing\acute{e}nieurs-Conseils)$ is the worldwide federation of consulting engineering member associations dedicated to developing relationships between the consulting engineering profession and governments, funding agencies, banks, industry, commerce, contractors, suppliers and other construction industry professions. Today FIDIC membership numbers nearly 70 member associations from all parts of the globe. The members of each national association comply with FIDIC's code of ethics which calls for impartial advice, competence and fair competition. FIDIC acts as a forum for the exchange of views and information and actively encourages the discussion of matters of mutual concern among member associations. FIDIC prepared regulations concerning tenders, it is a method of choice of investment contractor, which serves to optimum of utilization of investment funds. FIDIC procedure is the most often used in international tenders.

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신변보호사(경호사) 자격제도 도입방안 (A Study on Introduction Plan of the Private Security Guard System)

  • 김태환;박대우
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.146-150
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    • 2005
  • According to the current record of Private Security in Korea, more than 110,231 private security guards and around 2,213 security guard associations are engaged in the private security industries. However, there is no a professional license for the private security. In order to be provided a high quality service from private security industries, the security guard should be required his/her professional qualification which can be upgraded by establishing a professional license system. For introducing the license system the government and security guard associations need to support the suitable training program including curriculum and method, and all associations related to the private security have to require people involved in any kinds of private security matters to complete obligatorily some educational training programs. And also, to complete a college should be the minimum requirement.

漢拏山國立公圓 植物群集의 植物社會學的 分類 (Phytosociological Classification of Plant Communities on Mt. Halla National park, Korea)

  • Yim Yang-Jai;Jeong-Un Kim;Nam-Ju Lee;Yong-Beom Kim;Kwang-Soo Paek
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.101-130
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    • 1990
  • The forest vegetation of Mt. Halla national park area. Cheju island, Korea, was classified into six associations in three alliances and two associations in unidentified alliances by Z-M school method as follows: Unidentified alliance Saso-Abietetum Koreanae assoc. nov. Acero-Quercion mongoliae Kim et Yim 1988 Hepatico-Quercetum mongolicae assoc. nov. Saso-Carpinioin laxiflorae all. nov. Saso-Carpinetum laxiflorae assoc. nov. Daphniphyllo-Carpinetum tschonoskii assoc. nov. Asaro-Quercetum serratae assoc. nov. Rhododendro-Pinion densiflorae Kim et Yim 1988 Saso-Pinetum densiflorae assoc. nov. pinus thunbergii community Unidentified alliance Ardiso-Torretum nuciferae assoc. nov. Among them one now alliance and seven new associations were found and marked with "nov."

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Species Associations with Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Pinus rigida and Pyrola japonica

  • Huh, Man-Kyu;Huh, Hong-Wook;Kim, Chang-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.349-354
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    • 1999
  • The spatial distributions of allelic frequencies and ecological traits by randomization were studied in the natural population of two species (Pinus rigida and Pyrola japonica). Both species showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation as measured by Moran's I. In P. rigida, the genetic similarity was shown in individuals within up to a scale of 18 m distance and this is partly due to combination of pollen and seed dispersal by wind or men. In P. japonica, significant spatial autocorrelation was consisted of a scale of 8 m intervals. These population structure in the distribution of allelic frequencies is related to mating systems such as outcrossing and vegetative spread. The results also indicate that positive species associations between P. rigida and P. japonica can occur when both species select the same habitat or require the same environmental conditions.

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산업기술연구조합 - 현황과 새로운 발전방향 (A Study on R&D Associations in Korea : Their Development and Future Direction)

  • 김갑수
    • 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 기술경영경제학회 1999년도 제16회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.255-278
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    • 1999
  • R&D association is a very important institution to promote inter-firm technological cooperation, In Korea, they have begun to be established in 1982, and at now 56 R&D associations are working. The purpose of this study is In analyze the problems of the R&D associations, and to suggest a new direction of their future development Their problems were analyzed from the perspective of cooperative R&D mechanisms, especially with a new concept of R&D community : search community, planning community, community of research itself. This study emphases the importance of the R&D association's role as a planning community, and the institutional linkage between R&D association and National R&D program through the introduction of design-in planning system.

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Hierarchical Structure in Semantic Networks of Japanese Word Associations

  • Miyake, Maki;Joyce, Terry;Jung, Jae-Young;Akama, Hiroyuki
    • 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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    • pp.321-329
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    • 2007
  • This paper reports on the application of network analysis approaches to investigate the characteristics of graph representations of Japanese word associations. Two semantic networks are constructed from two separate Japanese word association databases. The basic statistical features of the networks indicate that they have scale-free and small-world properties and that they exhibit hierarchical organization. A graph clustering method is also applied to the networks with the objective of generating hierarchical structures within the semantic networks. The method is shown to be an efficient tool for analyzing large-scale structures within corpora. As a utilization of the network clustering results, we briefly introduce two web-based applications: the first is a search system that highlights various possible relations between words according to association type, while the second is to present the hierarchical architecture of a semantic network. The systems realize dynamic representations of network structures based on the relationships between words and concepts.

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Comparison of Erythrocyte Traits Among European, Japanese and Korean

  • Kwon, Ji-Sun;Kim, Sang-Soo
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.159-163
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    • 2010
  • Erythrocyte traits are heritable and indirect indicators of blood diseases caused by erythrocyte, but their genetic factors are largely unknown. So we performed genome-wide association study in 8,842 Korean individuals to identify genetic factors influencing erythrocyte traits. We identified 40 associations for three erythrocyte traits at genome-wide significance levels (p < $1{\times}10^{-6}$). We compared these associated loci with those reported in genome-wide association studies of European and Japanese. Our findings include previously identified loci(HBS1L-MYB, TMPRSS6, USP49 and CCND3) in other studies and novel associations (MRDS1/OFCC1, CSDE1, NRAS and 8 other loci). For example, SNP rs4895440 of HBS1L-MYB intergenic region on chromosome 6q23.3 is one of the most associations influencing erythrocyte traits (p=$8.33{\times}10^{-27}$).