• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the macroeconomic model through both static and dynamic equations. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the variations in the elasticity of substitution across changing economic variables within the framework of the Allen-Uzawa production functions. Research, design, data and methodology: The data were drawn from the World Bank's annual central statistical office database from 2010 to 2021 in the United States of America. The level of expenditures and of the public finance sector, macroeconomic data like output, inflation rates, and labor are examined. Results: This study demonstrates the interaction of two equations, clarifying that the macroeconomic model is practical to determining the stability of both static and dynamic equation systems analytically. The Allen-Uzawa equations allow for the verification of macroeconomic model properties, and study results demonstrate an increase in the range of capital uses as a form of mechanization. A constant elasticity of substitution function is derived from the macroeconomic variables. Conclusion: The macroeconomic model, though the analysis of the static and dynamic Allen - Uzawa model, not only facilitates the examination of long-term trends in crucial endogenous variables but also overcomes challenges commonly associated with other mathematical methods. Overall, the analysis promotes economic growth, investment, and employment. The levels of expenditures and the public finance sector, along with macroeconomic data such as output, inflation rates, and labor, are examined.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.444-449
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• 1998

The kinetics of the formation of triplex $poly(dA){\cdot}[poly(dT)]_2$ from poly(dA)·poly(dT) and poly(dT) is examined by various optical spectroscopic methods, including absorption, circular and linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy. In the pseudo first order condition, where the poly(dT) concentration is kept lower than that of duplex, the association of the poly(dT) is enhanced by the presence of ethidium; the rate constant is proportional to the amount of ethidium in the mixture. When the concentration of the duplex and the single strand is the same, a spectral change is explained by double exponential curves, indicating that at least two steps are involved, the fast association and slow rearrangement steps. In contrast to the pseudo first order kinetics, the association step in an equimolar condition is not affected by the presence of ethidium. In the rearrangement step, the magnitude of LD decreases with an increase in ethidium concentration, suggesting that the bending of polynucleotide around the intercalation site occurs in the rearrangement step.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.182-187
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• 1984

The polarographic and conductometric studies of methyl viologen $(MV^{++})$ solutions with varying concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed strong association of $MV^{++}$ and its cationic radical, $MV^+$., with SDS below the critical micelle concentration. The stoichiometries of these associations were found to be their electric charge ratios. Both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were found to contribute to the associations. The formation constant of$MV^+.DS^-$ in 0.1 M NaCl was $7{\times}10^3M$. The $MV^{++}$-SDS association was observed to be cooperative leading to formation of large aggregates. In the presence of $MV^{++}$, the micellization of SDS was formation of SDS homo-micelle without direct involvement of $MV^{++}$.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2007

높은 유전상수와 낮은 유전손실을 가지는 $(1-x)BCB-xBNT(BaNd_2Ti_4O_{12})$ (x=20, 30, 40, 50 vol%) 복합 재료를 제작하였다. 제작된 film의 유전 상수와 유전 손실은 1 MHz에서 측정되었고, DSC와 같은 열분석을 통하여 그 경화거동을 관찰하고, BNT의 함량과 film의 경화 거동이 유전특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 조사하였다. 충진제로 사용된 BNT가 $20{\sim}50vol%$까지 증가함에 따라 그 복합체의 유전상수는 증가, 유전 손실($tan{\delta}$)은 감소하였고, BCB-BNT 복합체의 유전 상수와 유전 손실($tan{\delta}$)은 경화 반응에 거의 영향을 받지 않는다. 그러나 경화 온도가 증가함에 따라 TCC(Temperature Characteristics of Coefficient)가 감소하는 것으로 복합체의 경화는 $250^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 가장 안정하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2018

Objective: Two ex vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effect of barley grain (Nusrat cultivar) treated with alkaline compounds (AC) including alum, ammonium, and sodium hydroxide or cation-exchanged organic extracts (OE) prepared from alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and Ulva Fasciata, on extent and digestion of starch. Methods: In the first study, the in vitro first order disappearance kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch were estimated using a non-linear model ($D_{(t)}=D_{(i)}{\cdot}e^{(-k_d{\cdot}time)}+I$, where: $D_{(t)}$ = potentially digestible residues at any time, $D_{(i)}$ = potentially digestible fraction at any time, $k_d$ = fractional rate constant of digestion (/h), I = indigestible fraction at any time). In the second experiment, the ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch were determined using in situ mobile nylon bag. Results: Barley grains treated with alum and alfalfa extract had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.11 and 0.09/h) than others. Barley grain treated with OE had a higher constant rate of CP digestion and that of treated with AC had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.08 and 0.11/h) compared with those of the other treatments. The indigestible fraction of starch treated with alum and sugar beet pulp extract was higher than that of the control group (0.24 and 0.25 vs 0.21). Barley grain treated with AC and OE had significant CP disappearance in the rumen, post-rumen and total tract, and also starch disappearance for post-rumen and total tract compared with the untreated (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AC and OE might have positive effects on the starch degradation of the barley grain. In addition, treating barley grain with alum and sugar beet pulp extract could change the site and extend digestion of protein and starch.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.650-657
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of forage:concentrate ratios and feeding principles on milk yield, milk composition, body weight change, postpartum oestrus and feed cost. A total of 36 crossbred F1 cows (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Local Yellow) in the 8th week of lactation were used. In each experiment, animals were divided into three groups using a randomized block design according to the milk yield of the previous eight weeks. Cows were fed 30, 50 and 70% concentrate in the diet based on DM. In experiment 1 (Fc), cows were given the same amount of DM with constant ratios of forage and concentrate within treatments. In experiment 2 (Fa), cows were given the same constant amounts of concentrate as in experiment 1 and ad libitum forage. The forage consisted of a natural grass mixture based on 5 species of grasses with high nutritive values. There was no difference in total DM intake between treatments within experiments. However, cows fed forage ad libitum had higher DM intakes compared to cows fed constant forage (1.6, 4.5 and 9.5% for cows fed 70, 50 and 30% forage, respectively). Daily milk yield of cows fed forage ad libitum was higher than that of cows fed constant forage:concentrate ratio. Within experiment, milk yield was highest for cows fed 30% DM forage, followed by cows fed 50% and then cows fed 70% forage (11.17, 10.98 and 10.71 for the 30Fc, 50Fc and 70Fc cows; 11.73, 11.16 and 10.81 kg for the 30Fa, 50Fa and 70Fa cows, respectively). Decreased forage ratio in the diets resulted in decreased milk fat content and tended to increase milk protein. Increased concentrate ratio in the diet and feeding forage ad libitum increased body weight gain. The effect of forage:concentrate ratio on postpartum oestrus was not significant. The feed cost per kg milk produced was lowest for the cows fed 70% forage. It is concluded that increased ratio of concentrate resulted in increased body weight gain, milk yield, milk protein, and decreased milk fat. Feeding forage ad libitum increased feed intake, milk yield and body weight gain. The ratio of 50% forage is more suitable for milk production and animal condition, but in terms of feed cost and under the conditions of small dairy farmers, the 70% ad libitum forage feeding is recommended.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.540-555
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• 2016

현대 예술은 사회구성원들과의 지속적인 상호작용을 통해 사회변혁을 주도하는 역할을 하고 있으며, 예술가의 작품은 시대의 사회 환경과 기록 등을 통해 창조적으로 재구성되는 사회 구성물로 이해 할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 시대의 자료를 기록하고 보존해야 하는 것은 우리의 기본적인 과제이며, 기록 보존이 필수가 되어야 하는 현재, 아카이브의 중요성이 강조 되고 있다. 하지만 국내 아카이브는 단순히 자료 저장의 용도 외, 활용 되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 디지털 화된 예술 문화기록의 다양한 활용방안과 창작활동을 증진시키기 위해 아트 아카이브 관련 실증 연구가 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 상호작용성을 세분화하여, 기술수용모델을 적용한 결과, 이용자는 자신의 창작활동에 도움이 되는 유용한 정보를 용이하게 제공받을 수 있어야 하며, 상호작용성의 지각을 통해 이용의도가 증가되는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 에서는 예술을 정보 기술의 측면에서 접근하고 매체의 특성을 적용한 상호작용성을 보다 구체화 하여 이용의도를 실증 연구하였다는 점에서 연구의 의미와 시사점을 찾을 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.374-387
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• 1973

This work was carried out to investigate the changes of chemical and physical properties of frying oil, when it was used many times continuously without adding new oil. Four kinds of frying oil (soybean oil, rapeseed oil, shortening and crude lard) and slices of potato and Aji (kind of fish) were used in the experiment under the condition of home cooking. Obtained results were as in the followings. 1. Acid values and peroxide values of each frying oil were under the safety level (A. V = 1.5, Po. V = 50) except crude lard, when frying works were continuously repeated five times for 50 days. 2. Changes of saponification values of each frying oil showed a decreasing tendency except the crude lard. But in cases, stickiness or clothing of oil were not seen in frying even at the five times frying. 3. Changes of optical density of each frying oil showed a decreasing tendency in all cases, according to the times of frying, especially at the first time frying. 4. Maximum heights of the shamp of each frying oil and their shampholding activites when heated, were slowly increased according to the times of frying. 5. Without concerning the cooking condition (kinds of oil, cooking material and repeating times of frying) decrement of oil in once frying was almost exactly 20g per 150g. 6. Decrements of cooking material in all cases of frying showed almost constant values, potato to be 40% and Aji 20%. 7. Differences of smoke point between new and old oil (frying repeated 5 times) showed also almost constant values. Liquid oil (soybean oil and rapeseed oil) showed number (6-$10^{\circ}C$), on the contrally solid oil (shortening and crude lard) a high number (10-$25^{\circ}C$). 8. Results of public tastic for the frying products were almost good even in that of a low five times frying, but the products, of third time frying with crude lard were expressed as disagreeable.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.727-735
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• 2006

Vanoni가 1946년에 유사를 포함한 흐름에서는 Karman상수가 감소한다고 제안한 이후로 개수로 흐름에서 유사 입자가 평균 유속 분포를 변화시킨다는 것은 매우 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그러나 유사 입자가 어떤 역할을 하는지, 어떤 매개 변수가 변화할 것인지에 대해서는 현재까지도 논쟁이 계속되고 있다. 한편, 어떤 연구자들은 난류중에 유사입자가 투입되더라도 Karman 수는 변하지 않는다고 주장하였다. 본 연구에서는 Karman 수의 변화에 대한 기존의 연구들을 재평가하였다. 이를 통하여 기존 연구들의 방법에서 몇 가지 오류들을 밝혀 내었으며, 왜 이 사항이 오랜 동안 논쟁이 되어왔는가 하는 이유를 찾아내었다. 또한 분석 결과 유사 입자의 투입에 의해 Karman 수는 감소되지만 그 감소량은 기존의 연구들에서 제시된 것보다 훨씬 작음을 밝혔다. 또한 본 연구는 유사의 투입에 의해 Karman 수가 감소되는 기구를 제시하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.587-595
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• 1997

비포화 흐름에 관하 실험은 토양내 물의 이송특성을 밝히는 매우 중요한 의미를 가지고 있다. 하지만 Tensiometer와 같은 전통적인 측정방법은 비교적 길기 때문에 함수량이 급격하게 변하는 비정상류 비포화흐름을 측정하는데 상당한 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 TDR을 이용하여 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 함수량 측정방법을 소개하고자 한다. TDR은 구형파를 발생시키는 함수방생기와 반향파를 분석하는 오실로스코프로 구성되어 있다. 토양속에 설치된 탐침을 지나는 구형파는 임피던수가 변하는 지점에서 반향되며 주변토양의 우전율상수 변화에 따라 전파속도가 달라지게 된다. 이 때 토양내 함수량은 함수량에 따른 반향시간특성을 이용하여 추정되어진다. TDR을 이용하는 함수량측정의 검증실험에 의하면 오븐 건조한 함수량에 대한 TDR측정 함수량의 오차율이 3.5% 이내 이었다. 따라서 TDR은 국내토양에 대한 비정상류 상태의 비포화흐름을 측정하는데 매우 훌륭한 실험장치로 판단된다.