• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the valid data about residential-linked pension insurance development. The development was a part of national housing projects, which was an incentive for rural living of retired people, in order to relieve residential issues of elderly and revitalize rural communities by residents moving from cities. The insuring intent, decisive insuring factors and the residential service demand degree of people preparing retirement were analyzed. Data was collected in October, 2007. 364 Sample Subjects lived in Seoul Metropolitan area. Firstly, more than 90% of respondents had intention to purchase a residential-linked pension insurance and about 50% of them necessarily desired receiving premium for moving in. This indicated that it could be developed as an insurance which helped to meet housing expenses by housing-linked system, and in the mean time, it met the original purpose of pension insurance as the pension benefit could be guaranteed for all the insurance subscribers. Secondly, the respondents, whose income and private assets were higher, were able to pay more for insurance compared to average. Therefore, It was necessary to regulate monthly insurance bill and the payment period according to asset states of insurance subscribers after establishing certain amount of total insurance payment. Thirdly, by and large, it indicated the tendency that the less they prepare for older age the later they wanted to move into the pension insurance residence. It was inferred that in the case of insufficient preparation for older age, people preferred preparing behind time by postponing move in to moving in early to enjoy retired life, due to uncertainties. lastly, the respondents understood the significance of health, medical treatment and emergency management service and these two services were preferred as essential provided services. Because of the necessity of developing residential-linked pension insurance was found to be positive, further research to find the real cost, directives for operation and institutional support for this type of pension insurance might be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

This study conducts an analysis of social media big data pertaining to island tourism resources, aiming to discern the diverse forms and categories of island tourism favored by consumers, ascertain predominant resources, and facilitate objective decision-making grounded in scientific methodologies. To achieve this objective, an examination of blog posts published on Naver from 2022 to 2023 was undertaken, utilizing keywords such as 'Island tourism', 'Island travel', and 'Island backpacking' as focal points for analysis. Text mining techniques were applied to sift through the data. Among the resources identified, the port emerged as a significant asset, serving as a pivotal conduit linking the island and mainland and holding substantial importance as a focal point and resource for tourist access to the island. Furthermore, an analysis of the disparity between existing island tourism resources and those acknowledged by tourists who actively engage with and appreciate island destinations led to the identification of 186 newly emerging resources. These nascent resources predominantly clustered within five regions: Incheon Metropolitan City, Tongyeong/Geoje City, Jeju Island, Ulleung-gun, and Shinan-gun. A scrutiny of these resources, categorized according to the tourism resource classification system, revealed a notable presence of new resources, chiefly in the domains of 'rural landscape', 'tourist resort/training facility', 'transportation facility', and 'natural resource'. Notably, many of these emerging resources were previously overlooked in official management targets or resource inventories pertaining to existing island tourism resources. Noteworthy examples include ports, beaches, and mountains, which, despite constituting a substantial proportion of the newly identified tourist resources, were not accorded prominence in spatial information datasets. This study holds significance in its ability to unearth novel tourism resources recognized by island tourism consumers through a gap analysis approach that juxtaposes the existing status of island tourism resource data with techniques utilizing social media big data. Furthermore, the methodology delineated in this research offers a valuable framework for domestic local governments to gauge local tourism demand and embark on initiatives for tourism development or regional revitalization.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.111-128
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• 2023

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, interest in data-based product preference estimation and personalized recommender systems is increasing. However, if the recommendation is not suitable, there is a risk that it may reduce the purchase intention of the customer and even extend to a huge financial loss due to the characteristics of the financial product. Therefore, developing a recommender system that comprehensively reflects customer characteristics and product preferences is very important for business performance creation and response to compliance issues. In the case of financial products, product preference is clearly divided according to individual investment propensity and risk aversion, so it is necessary to provide customized recommendation service by utilizing accumulated customer data. In addition to using these customer behavioral characteristics and transaction history data, we intend to solve the cold-start problem of the recommender system, including customer demographic information, asset information, and stock holding information. Therefore, this study found that the model proposed deep learning-based collaborative filtering by deriving customer latent preferences through characteristic information such as customer investment propensity, transaction history, and financial product information based on customer transaction log records was the best. Based on the customer's financial investment mechanism, this study is meaningful in developing a service that recommends a high-priority group by establishing a recommendation model that derives expected preferences for untraded financial products through financial product transaction data.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Purpose. For a more efficient hospital management, this study aims to provide basic data so that the hospital management and staff in charge of hospital administration may systematically classify and collect hospital information, by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Methods. By using information about an upper-level general hospital in C Province, provided by Alio(www.alio.go.kr), a public organization information provision site, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(www.hira.or.kr) and Ministry of Health and Welfare(www.mw.go.kr), this study analyzed 3 year's data from 2010 to 2012 and provided basic data by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system, and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Results. After analyzing the ordinary characters, common-type balance sheet, common-type proft and loss statement and financial ration of this general hospital, based on the 2010 to 2012 data, this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, out of all the 1,069 hospital staff, there were 272 doctors working for 24 medical departments, out of whom the majority was 33 physicians. Most of the nurses were third-class ones, and about 2,000 outpatients and 600 inpatients on average were treated per day. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the common-type balance sheet, this study discovered that intangible assets out of fixed assets accounted for 41%, the majority, out of which usable and profitable donation asset buildings were of great importance, and the liquid assets increased more in 2012 than 2011. In the financial structure, the ratio of liquid liabilities was over 50% out of all the liabilities in 2012, and the ratio of purchase payables was high as well. The ratio of fixed liabilities reached up to 40%, out of which the retirement benefit appropriation fund was quite high. The capital was over 80%, but the surplus was in a deficit state. Compared to the capital, the ratio of total liabilities was about 90%, which indicates the financial structure of this general hospital was vulnerable. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the common-type profit and loss statement, this study found out that the medical profits from inpatients were higher than profits from outpatients. The material cost was related to the medical quality of this general hospital, and it was as high as 30% out of the total costs and was about 45% of the labor cost. This general hospital showed 10% in the ratio of non-medical profits, and it seemed because of government subsidies. The ratios of medical profits and current net income were gradually changing for the better in 2012, compared to 2011. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the financial ratio, it was found that the liquidity ratio kept decreasing, from 110.7% in 2010 and 102.0% in 2011 to 77.2% in 2012. Besides, it was analyzed that the liquidity ratio and the net working capital ratio greatly decreased, while the quick ratio and the liquid ratio kept decreasing. Conclusions. 1. It is necessary to take the risk management into more consideration, and particularly, it is needed to differentiate and manage the levels of risk in detail. 2. By considering the fact that investments into hospital infrastructures were mostly based on liabilities, it is needed to deal with the scale of losses when evaluating risks. 3. By reflecting the character that investments into hospital infrastructures were based on liabilities, it is necessary to consider the ratio of ordinary profits as well as the ratio of operating profits to sales, and it is also important to consider sales productivity factors, such as the sales amount per a sickbed, by comparing them with other hospitals. As for limitations of this study, there may be some problems in terms of data interpretation because of the lack of information about the number of inpatients and the number of outpatients per year, which are needed for the break-even point analysis. Besides, to suggest a direction for the improvement of hospital management through analyses, non-financial factors should be reflected, such as the trend of economy, medical policies, and politic backgrounds. However, this study only focused on the common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio, so this study is actually limited to generalizing all the factors by analyzing public data only.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.189-206
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• 2016

It was required to attach the documents on the details of external audit including the number of the participants in external audit, audited parts and audit times under the Article 7-2 on the audit report to the accounting audit report from 2014 in accordance with the amendment to the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies. This study aim to calculate the audit fee based on the estimated cost of service calculation of the government contribution agencies by reflecting the implementation of the revised external audit. This study calculated the audit fee for the target company (a listed company assumed to have no internal control risks and relevant audit risks for unqualified opinion in the previous year, 100 billion won of total amount of asset, manufacturing company in the previous year and preliminary client request) by putting together four items of expenditure including employment costs, expenditure, general management expenses and profit in accordance with the calculation system of cost of service under the State Contract Act. Then, it used the data collected from the documents on the details of the revised external audit after requesting estimation on the target company with the estimated cost to Big-4 accounting firms to identify the participants and times of the accounting audit. The employment costs applied 150% of participation rate of the base price of employment costs for the academic research service cost in 2014, the expenditure used the average value of accounting firms of corporate business management analysis of the Bank of Korea (2013), the general management expenses applied 5% of the general management rate of service business under Article 7-1 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to which the State is a Party and the profit applied 10% of profit rate of service business under Article 7-2 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to which the State is a Party. Based on the calculation of the estimated costs by applying the above, the audit fee was estimated at 50,617,769won. Although the result is not the optimal audit fee, it may be used as a basic scale to compare the audit fees of companies without criteria. Also, such amendment to the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies may improve independence of auditors and transparency of the accounting system rather than previous announcing only the total audit times.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.801-824
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• 2022

Recently, United Nations found that 38% of global carbon emissions are generated in the building sector, surpassing other industries (32%) and transportation (23%), and ESG is actively used as a way to reduce carbon emissions in the building sector, led by overseas advanced countries. In Korea, as the National Pension Service announced "Consider ESG with more than 50% of investment assets" this year, the move to introduce ESG in the building sector is accelerating, centering on construction companies and asset management companies. However, as the domestic ESG evaluation system is still mainly focused on corporate governance and social responsibility, interest in the environmental sector is lagging behind that of advanced countries. As ESG in the building sector is expected to grow rapidly over the next 10 years, I would like to suggest the following development directions. The first is the expansion of the incentive system. In order for the government to successfully implement policies related to ESG in the building sector, incentive system such as tax reduction and building standards should be expanded further than now in addition to negative systems such as rent restrictions and punishment taxes due to regulatory violations. Second, standardized ESG standards are established. Rather than creating an independent Korean ESG standard that is far from global standards, it is necessary to organize the common parts of global standards and evaluation methods and create and provide guidelines in the form of standard textbooks that can be used equally by all stakeholders. Third, it is an effort to link ESG in the building sector with Digital Transformation(DX). This is because actual energy savings and carbon emission reduction can be realized only when the operation method of the building sector, which is operated mainly by manpower, is digitalized and converted to an intelligent way.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

This study was conducted based on the service philosophy as a study to capitalize on the wisdom of Korea and Koreans. This is a study that capitalizes on the wisdom of the founding president who led civilization changes in Korea. Wisdom as a visionary leader who played a leading role in Korea's development from a continental civilization to a maritime civilization was derived. We analyzed the wisdom of the founding president, who established the Republic of Korea with a new identity as a liberal democracy and protected it, and laid the foundation for Korea to leap into an advanced country through legal system reform and human resource development. First, we analyzed the essence of politics and presented the essential tragic nature that visionary leaders must bear as politicians. We also analyzes his courage and belief to accept a tragic fate, the insights on the spirit of independence, anti-communism, liberal democracy and the future. We analyze the wisdom as a visionary leader that is consistently revealed through countless choices and decisions to give up. It suggests that such wisdom is essential for the founding and development of a nation, and the wisdom need to be assetized. It needs a solid philosophical foundation to become a useful wisdom asset in the long run. In this study, Syngman Rhee's wisdom was assetized on the basis of the service philosophy. This is because it is wisdom based on the fiercely symmetrical balance principle. Human resource development was a choice that entailed great sacrifice, the market economy was a choice that entailed great sacrifice, and the protection of liberal democracy was also a choice that entailed great sacrifice, so it can be said that it is wisdom that fits the essence of the service philosophy. It is wisdom found only in outstanding visionary leaders. We present the wisdom of building a free democratic country, the wisdom of building a free market economy, and the wisdom of building a talent-oriented nation as assets in terms of national management philosophy, national management owner, time frame, and strategic asset. It also suggests that visionary leaders are continuously required for the long-term sustainable development of mankind and Korean society.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.175-183
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• 2018

This study analyzes determinants of bond returns in terms of systematic risk versus idiosyncratic risk by examining relationship among those factors. First we examined the cross-sectional determinants of corporate bond returns with Korean bond market data from 2001 to 2014. This paper uses term factor and default factor for systematic risk, and duration factor and credit rating factor for idiosyncratic risk. The empirical result shows that systematic risk can explain cross-sectional differences of bond returns rather than idiosyncratic risk which is the same result in advanced markets(US or Europe). This result is different from the previous Korean studies which showed that idiosyncratic risk is more important than systematic risk in Korean bond market. The reason for the different result may be the longer sample period which includes the most recent period. It is insisted that Korean bond market is getting more synchronized with the advanced bond market. In conclusion, this empirical result implies that Korean bond portfolio managers should focus on systematic risk, which is contrary to current system in Korean asset management industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.49-65
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• 2022

Since trees in the city are green assets that create a healthy environment for the city, systematic management of trees improves urban ecosystem services. The sporadic urban tree information centered on the site is vast, and it is difficult to manage the data, so efforts to increase efficiency are needed. This paper summarizes tree data inventory based on data constructed by Seoul Green Trust activists and constructs and discloses online database maps using Tableau Software. In order to verify the utilization of the map, we divided into consumer and supplier aspects to collect various opinions and reflect feedback to implement tree database maps for each area and species of Seoul Forest. As a result, the utilization value of tree database in urban parks was presented. The technical significance of this study is to systematically record the process of constructing and implementing a dashboard directly using the Mapbox platform and Tableau Software in the field of landscaping for the first time in Korea. In addition, the implications and supplements of landscape information were derived by collecting user opinions on the results. This can be used as an exploratory basis in the process of developing online-based services such as web and apps by utilizing landscaping tree information in the future. Although the visualization database currently constructed has limitations that ordinary users cannot interact in both directions because it utilizes business intelligence tools in terms of service provision it has affirmed both the database construction and its usability in web public format. In the future it is essential to investigate the assets of the trees in the city park and to build a database as a public asset of the city. The survey participants positively recognized that information is intuitively presented based on the map and responded that it is necessary to provide information on the overall urban assets such as small parks and roadside trees by using open source maps in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-65
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• 1995

The development of Korean shipping industry is maybe defined into three development stages-industry fixing stage, industry coordinating stage, industry development stage-. The development of shipping industry has been depended on the geovernment/authority role such as shipping policy, system, law, rules and regulations. In 1983, Korean shipping industry reorganization and coordination by shipping authority have made our shipping industry on the stable condition together with each company's efforts. Today's world economic environment such WTO/UR negotiation results get this government role limited. According to the being reduced government role, each company's competitive advantage power becomes more important. Besides, korean shipping industry is exposed into the entire and bitter world competition. In order to win and prevent the world shipping competition, it is necessary to look out the competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The first purpose of this study is the situation analysis for competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The second is to compare with our shipping policies with foreign ones concerned with ship, cargo, crew, tax and others. But in order to compare with foreign shipping, this study need their shipping statistics data, this study has some limit of the foreign data. This study has been carried on the basis of the following items. 1. Shipping environment, 2. Ships and ship acquirement(shipbuilding/purchasing), 3. Oceangoing cargo and ship's stowage rate, 4. Human factor in shipping-crew, 5. The incomes and costs in finacial statements. We have some conclusions as following through the this study. First, Korean shipping industry environment-competitive disadvantage situation- has changed rapidly due to the shipping market opening, free market entering of foreign shipping. Second, Korean shipping is disadvantageous due to the high tax rate and financing conditions in connection with ship acquirement. In order to improve the competitive advantage power, the shipping tax system and ship financing conditions should be reviewed to profitable for owners. Third, but both world and Korean oceangoing cargoes quantity have been increased annualy, Korean ship's cargo stowage rate is being decreased. This is serious situation but Korean shipping take well use of foreign vessel with hire. It is recommended to take use of owner's vessel and hired ones in the long range view, considering the world shipping management. But the number of crew has been decreased by 2, 000~3, 000 annualy, it is desirable that the long sea-experienced crew have been increased. Almost of owners usauly complain the crew cost is the main obstacles to competitive advantage power. Human factor is the most important firm's asset. All owners should pay attention to this though, and invest the proper budget to training, education, welfare as much as possible. In the long run this effects could be feedback to owners. Fifth, We must improve the financial statements structure, that is, the first step is to increase income, the second is to decrease cost, the third is to increase income on the same cost, the fourth is to decrease cost on the same income. It is essential to find out what the urgent investment is and what unnecessary cost is. At last, in order to competite world shipping race, each shipping firm must try for himself to retain the power. The government/authority is no longer dependable. I believe that each firm's power will be the industry's power, the industry's power will be the nations's power.