• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2009

완화의학에서 환자의 평가는 치료의 의사결정과 그 결과에 이르기까지 중요한 역할을 한다. 평가도구의 사용 목적은 이를 환자 진료에 반영하여 개개인 환자와 가족들에 대한 돌봄의 질을 높이는 데 있다. 환자의 기능 상태와 통증 및 비 통증 증상을 평가하는 다양한 단일 영역 및 다차원 평가 척도들이 사용 가능하며, 삶의 질을 측정하는 다양한 도구들이 존재한다. 삶의 질이나 증상 측정에서 우월하다고 추천되는 단일 도구는 없는 실정이다. 도구마다 측정하는 시간의 틀이 다르고, 특성이 다르므로 사용 목적과 상황에 따라 적절한 도구를 선택하여야 한다. 여명 예측을 위해서는 예후 지수의 병용이 권고되는 추세이고, 웹을 기반으로 하는 예측 프로그램들도 등장하였다. 예후지수로는 최근 우리나라에서 다기관 연구를 통해 개발한 객관적 예후지수가 임상적인 여명 예측을 포함하지 않으면서 새로운 객관적인 예후 요인을 반영하여, 누구나 쉽게 사용이 가능하다. 완화의학 입문자의 경우 상대적으로 사용이 용이한 도구가 좋다. 따라서 기능의 평가에는 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 기능지수를 사용하고, 통증에서는 10점만점의 숫자 통증 등급(Numeric Rating Scale) 도구를 활용하면서 초기 통증 평가로는 간이 통증 조사지를 추천한다. 여러 가지 증상을 한꺼번에 측정하기 위해서는 숫자 등급으로 직접 물어보거나 혹은 M.D. Anderson 증상조사지(the Korean version of MD Anderson Symptom Inventory) 설문지를 사용하기 바란다. 삶의 질을 평가하는데에는 European Organization Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care, 예후 지수로는 객관적 예후 지수(Objective Prognostic Score)를 사용하기를 권한다. 향후 완화의학에서 평가도구의 발전방향은 국제 공동 연구의 활성화와 디지털 기기를 통한환자 보고의 전산화이고, 머지않은 앞날에 우리나라에도 이러한 경향이 도입될 것이다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2022

다양한 학문을 넘나들며 새로운 지식과 관점을 창의적으로 추구하는 역량은 21세기 융복합시대를 살아가기 위한 기초적 소양으로 자리매김하고 있다. 다양한 창의교육 프로그램 개발에 따라 학습자의 학업성취도를 객관적이고 체계적으로 평가할 수 있는 평가도구 또한 요구되고 있다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 초·중등학생 대상 창의 융합 교육 프로그램의 평가도구로 하이퍼 블렌디드 실천모델에 기반하여 자기 평가, 동료 평가, 창의성 평가, 자기 성찰도구를 제안하였다. 개발된 평가도구는 타당도 검사를 통해 2개 문항을 수정하고 4개 문항을 삭제하여 보다 완성된 평가도구의 개발을 꾀했다. 또한, 평가도구는 전국 초·중등학생 596명을 대상으로 적용되었으며, 적용 결과는 일원배치 분산분석과 워드클라우드를 통해 분석되었다. 분석 결과, 자기 평가와 자기 성찰도구는 학년군에 따른 문항 개발이 필요할 것으로 나타났다. 더불어, 변화하는 교실 환경 속 원격 수업이나 여러 교육 활동에서 본 평가도구를 활용하기를 제안한다. 본 논문을 통해 창의 융복합 교육을 위한 평가체계 및 도구 개발에 시사점을 제공하기 바란다.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

Purpose: Root cause analysis (RCA) refers to any systematic process that identifies the causes that contribute to a focus event. The immediate cause of a focus event is often a symptom of underlying causes and may not truly identify the root causes that should be identified and addressed. Currently many RCA tools are available. Different investigators use different RCA tools on different issues. No standardized or commonly agreed way to analyse root causes exists. The purpose of this study is to propose the methodology of RCA process commonly useable for various issues. Methods: The methodology of RCA process is produced based on the hybrid RCA tools. The effectiveness assessment matrix of actions through the root cause candidates is presented. Results: No single RCA technique proposed has so far covered all necessary aspects. A hybrid approach which combines the best features of various techniques is proposed. The effectiveness assessment matrix helps us to identify the root cause to correct or eliminate system vulnerabilities effectively. Conclusion: This hybrid approach and effectiveness assessment matrix can provide guidance of RCA process across many industries and situations.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 학령전기 아동의 감각처리 능력을 측정하기 위해 사용되고 있는 평가도구의 종류를 알아보고 심리측정학적 특성을 평가하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 감각처리 평가도구는 PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO와 같은 전자 데이터베이스를 사용하여 논문을 검색한 뒤, 초록과 원문 검토를 통해 포함기준에 적합한 평가도구를 최종적으로 선택하였다. 결과 : 총 38개의 논문이 최종적으로 분석되었으며, 8개의 평가도구가 확인되었다. 가장 많은 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 도구는 Sensory Processing Measure-Preschool(SPM-P)이었으며 신뢰도와 타당도 검증이 부족한 도구로 는 Sensory Experiences Questionnaire(SEQ), Sense & Self-Regulation Checklist(SSRC), 그리고 Sensory Processing Scale Assessment(SPSA)가 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 임상가와 연구자들이 학령전기 아동에게 적합한 감각처리 평가도구를 선정할 때 근거자료가 될 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.933-942
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• 2010

Objective: To develop an ergonomic evaluation tool which can be apply to assess the lower-limb postures associated with farming tasks. Background: In general, most of existing ergonomic assessment tools was developed to investigate the work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper-limb postures in manufacturing industry. Methods: As the first step of development of the evaluation tool, 13 lower-limb postures that were commonly observed in farming task were investigated by the subjective discomfort ratings, heart rates, and muscle activities. And then, an ergonomic evaluation tool for the lower-limb postures was developed based on results of the first experiment. Lastly, the ergonomic checklist which was developed in the current study was compared with other existing ergonomic assessment tools. Results: Based on the results of comparisons between a newly developed assessment tool and other existing assessment tools, it was found that a newly developed tool can perceive more sensitively for the various lower-limb postures than other assessment tools. Conclusions: Lower-limb posture assessment tool which can evaluate and assess risks of lower-limb WMSDs which were prevalent in farming tasks more easily and accurately was developed in this study. The lower-limb assessment tool can also be utilized to prevent WMSDs related with lower-limbs as well as improve working environments.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the assessment tools that can be used for the diagnosis and assessment of skin diseases by reviewing the present status of the assessment tools used in domestic and overseas traditional medicine papers for the past five years. Methods : This study is based on analysis of papers on clinical trials about atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, urticaria published from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018. The papers were searched from Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), Pubmed, MEDLINE. Results : 40 articles on atopic dermatitis, 34 articles on psoriasis, 26 articles on acne and 10 articles on urticaria were selected. Among them, 38 articles(90%), 20 articles(85%), 22 articles(85%) and 5 articles(50%) used assessment tools in order. Conclusions : SCoring Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD), objective SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index(OSI), Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI) were used in studies on atopic dermatitis. In the case of psoriasis, The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) was used in most papers. In the study on acne, most of Korean papers used Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS), but in the overseas papers, various assessment tools were used. In the case of urticaria, the rate of use of the assessment tool was the lowest, but the assessment tool used was unified by Urticaria Activity Score(UAS). Since skin diseases can cause stress and a decrease in quality of life, the quality of life should be taken into account when evaluating treatment effects.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to research the current state of evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy and determine pediatric physical therapists' knowledge of assessment tools and their use. The subjects were 130 pediatric physical therapists (general hospitals, university-related hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc.). Data was obtained from August 24, 1999 to October 18, 1999 by means of a survey questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. The current state of pediatric physical therapist evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy. 1) Tools used to assess functional areas of children with cerebral palsy were: subjective description format-128 (47.1%); the GMFM-58 (21.3%); facility-generated tool-51 (18.8%); and DDST-15 (5.5%). 2) Tools used to assess developmentally delayed children were: subjective description format-121 (50.6%); the GMFM-43 (18.0%); facility-generated tool-41 (17.2%); and DDS T-14 (5.9%). 3) After their college or university study, therapists who had attended lectures on evaluation were 113 (86.9%); 13 (10.0%) therapists had not attended any lectures on evaluation 2. Test scores of physical therapists' professional knowledge of evaluation procedures: high (more than 36 points)-74 (56.9%); moderate (18~35 points)-39 (30.0%); and low (below 17 points)-none. 1) For therapists treating cerebral palsied children, 73 (65.2%) were in the high range, 39 (34.8%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. 2) For therapists treating children with delayed development, 71 (65.7%) were in the high range, 37 (34.3%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. Although the general degree of professional knowledge of evaluation was quite high, there was a lack of variety in the assessment tools used With a large number of therapists depending on subjective description. Possible reasons for the low rate of objective asses sment tool use: 1) Poor clinical environment: too many clients and lirnited treatment time. 2) Lack of any medical insurance fee category for specific assessment tools. 3) Lack of continuing education opportunities in pediatric evaluation skills during or after either college-based (3 year) or university-based (4 year) education programs. Based on the study results, provision of more extended educational opportunities would promote the use of a greater variety of objective assessment tools by pediatric physical therapists.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.141-168
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• 2014

공공도서관과 대학도서관을 비롯한 우리나라 문헌정보학계에서는 독서치료에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있고 다양한 독서치료 방법도 적용되고 있다. 하지만 그동안 독서치료 영역에서는 단순하고 획일적인 질문을 사용하여 내담자를 이해하고 진단하는 방법이 주로 사용되어 왔다. 그러므로 독서치료에 적합한 심리평가도구에 대한 개발이 필요한 상황이다. 왜냐하면 독서치료에서 심리평가도구는 프로그램에 대한 효과 검증에 앞서 독서치료사가 치료 대상자를 이해할 수 있는 기본적인 정보원으로서의 역할을 한다. 또한 자료 선정 및 관련 활동을 설계하는 기초가 되는 중요한 도구가 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 독서치료 효과 측정을 위한 질적 심리평가도구로 활용할 수 있는 면담과 행동평가, 종합평가 보고서 양식을 개발하고, 실제 독서치료 프로그램 장면에 적용한 사례들을 제시하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2022

Background: Respiratory masks can provide healthcare workers with protection from biological hazards when they have good performance. There is a direct relationship between the visual specifications of a mask and its efficacy; thus, the aim of this study was to develop tools for qualitative assessment of the performance of masks used by healthcare workers. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to develop a qualitative assessment tool for medical face masks (MFM) and particle filtering half masks (PFHM). The development of domains and items was undertaken using observation and interviews, the opinions of an expert panel, and a review of texts and international standards. The second phase evaluated the psychometric properties of tools. Finally, the validated Mask Qualitative Assessment Tools (MQAT) were used to assess six samples from 10 brands of the two types of masks. Results: MQAT-MFM and MQAT-PHFM shared 42 items across seven domains: "cleanliness," "design," "marking, labeling and packaging," "mask layers," "mask strap," "materials and construction," and "nose clip." MQAT-MFM included one additional item. MQAT-PHFM included another nine items associated with an eighth "Practical Performance" domain, and the valve version had another additional "Exhalation Valve" domain and six items. The evaluation indicated 80% compliance for MFM and 71% compliance for PFHM. "Marking, labeling and packaging" and "Layers" were associated with the least compliance in both types of masks and should be checked carefully for defining mask quality. Conclusion: MQAT can be used for immediate screening and initial assessment of MFM and PHFM through appearance, simple tools, and visual inspection.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.95-126
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop diagnostic tools for Sasang Constitutional patterns based on the middle classification of the Sasang Constitutional patterns. Methods Diagnosis and assessment indicators of Soeumin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Taeyangin patterns were extracted based on the 『Clinical Practice Guideline for Sasang Constitutional Medicine Symptomatology』 and 『Donguisusebowon』. An online survey was conducted on the 'importance of diagnosis and assessment indicators' by the Sasang Constitutional Medicine expert group. Results Based on the expert consultation results, the importance weight for each diagnosis and assessment indicators symptom was calculated, and the importance was ranked to develop diagnostic tools for Soeumin, Soyangin, Taeeumin, and Taeyangin patterns. Diagnostic tool consisted of 58 questions for Soeumin patterns, 68 questions for Soyangin patterns, 81 questions for Taeeumin patterns, and 42 questions for Taeyangin patterns. The final total score was calculated by reflecting each response score and the weight of each question. Conclusions The developed 'Diagnostic Tools for Sasang Constitutional patterns' can be used to make an effective and objective diagnosis in the clinical site. In the future, if the reliability and validity of these diagnostic tools are tested through clinical study, it will be possible to improve clinical applicability and contribute to standardization of diagnosis.