• 한국음향학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2008

음향 튜닝 과정을 통하여 카오디오의 음질은 개선되며 완성차의 품질 또한 향상된다. 하지만 소비자를 대상으로 한 선호도 조사 없이 소비자가 만족하도록 카오디오를 튜닝하는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이다. 소비자의 기호를 조사하기 위하여 주파수 특성, 밸런스, 공간감 등과 같은 매우 다양한 음향특성을 조사해야 하지만, 조사할 음향특성 항목이 많아질수록 비교 청취해야 하는 음원의 수가 급격히 증가하므로 여러 가지 문제점이 발행한다. 평가자의 피로도 증가로 인하여 실험이 어려워질 뿐 아니라, 개개의 음향특성과 전체의 음질의 연관성을 파악하는 것 또한 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 음질 선호도를 조사할 때에 비교 청취되는 음원의 수를 크게 줄일 수 있도록 통계적 직교배열법을 사용하였으며, 분산분석법을 이용하여 청취실험 자료를 분석하였다. 특히, 직교배열법을 사용하여 여덟 가지 음향특성들의 256 가지 조합으로 이루어진 음향 환경을 16가지 비교음원을 사용하여 재생하였다. 분산분석 결과, 팝 음원의 경우에는 Treble이 일반적으로 재생된 음향의 음질 선호도에 가장 유의한 영향을 미치는 음향특성임을 밝혔다. 그 밖에도 Deep Bass와 SAD 및 Treble과 SAD의 교호작용 등이 유의한 음향특성으로 나타났다. 클래식 음원의 경우에는 SAD가 유일하게 유의하게 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2014

In this study, the effects of Mulberry leaves extract (ME) addition on the quality of Kimchi was investigated during 30 days of fermentation at $5^{\circ}C$. ME was added to salted cabbage at concentrations of 0% (C), 0.4% (ME1), 0.8% (ME2) and 1.2% (ME3) (w/w). The pH of Kimchi added above 0.8% ME was higher than that of Kimchi without ME after 12 days of fermentation. During overall fermentation, the titratable acidity of Kimchi with 1.2% ME remained at the lowest level. The degree of salinity decreased with increasing amount of added ME, whereas control groups showed the highest salinity. In L, a and b values of samples, the highest Figures of L and b were observed in control groups, and ME3 showed the highest value of a. In addition, the cutting force during the fermentation period was higher in all treated groups compared with control groups, and ME3 showed the highest hardness value. Moreover, growth of lactic acid bacteria and total bacteria were inhibited by addition of ME. In the sensory assessment, 0.4% ME improved the quality of Kimchi, showing the highest taste score and overall preference. Therefore, addition of 0.4% ME appears to be an acceptable approach to enhance the quality of Kimchi without reduction of acceptability.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

Background: There has recently been a rapid increase in the number of pain clinics and significant advancement in the treatment of pain in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify possible problems associated with pain clinics and to use this information to help design future pain clinics. This assessment was conducted from the perspective of professional ballet dancers, who are at high risk for pain like other athletes. Methods: One-hundred professional ballet dancers responded to questionnaires designed to ascertain their preference for different types of clinics, the extent of the pain they experience, and their overall opinion of pain clinics. Results: All of the respondents complained of pain in one or more sites and reported that they had visited some type of clinic for treatment at least once. Overall, the respondents preferred using the following methods to treat pain: orthopedic surgery (76 dancers), oriental medicine (49 dancers), and therapy at pain clinic (48 dancers). Fifty-three percent of the 48 dancers who had received treatment at pain clinics were satisfied with their treatment. Forty-four percent of the 52 dancers who had not been treated at a pain clinic had no knowledge of the existence of such facilities. Conclusions: This survey revealed that, although professional ballet dancers have a high prevalence of pain, many have no knowledge of pain clinics. Therefore, efforts should be made by pain clinics to make information regarding their facilities widely available to professional ballet dancers so they can serve the widest range of clientele.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.220-235
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the available evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of different types of anchorage devices. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of different electronic databases was conducted for systematic reviews investigating different anchorage methods published up to April 15, 2021. Any ongoing systematic reviews were searched using PROSPERO, and a grey literature search was undertaken using Google Scholar and OpenGrey. No language restriction was applied. Screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. Information was categorized and narratively synthesized for the key findings from moderate- and high-quality reviews. Results: Fourteen systematic reviews were included (11 were of moderate/high quality). Skeletal anchorage with miniscrews was associated with less anchorage loss (and sometimes with anchorage gain). Similarly, skeletal anchorage was more effective in retracting anterior teeth and intruding incisors and molars, resulting in minor vertical skeletal changes and improvements in the soft tissue profile. However, insufficient evidence was obtained for the preference of any anchorage method in terms of the duration of treatment, number of appointments, quality of treatment, patient perception, or adverse effects. The effectiveness of skeletal anchorage can be enhanced when: directly loaded, used in the mandible rather than the maxilla, used buccally rather than palatally, using dual rather than single miniscrews, used for en-masse retraction, and in adults. Conclusions: The level of evidence regarding anchorage effectiveness is moderate. Nevertheless, compared to conventional anchorage, skeletal anchorage can be used with more anchorage preservation. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.240-263
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• 2021

One of the biggest challenges that the software industry is facing today is to create highly efficient applications without affecting the quality of healthcare system software. The demand for the provision of software with high quality protection has seen a rapid increase in the software business market. Moreover, it is worthless to offer extremely user-friendly software applications with no ideal security. Therefore a need to find optimal solutions and bridge the difference between accessibility and protection by offering accessible software services for defense has become an imminent prerequisite. Several research endeavours on usable security assessments have been performed to fill the gap between functionality and security. In this context, several Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches have been implemented on different usability and security attributes so as to assess the usable-security of software systems. However, only a few specific studies are based on using the integrated approach of fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique for assessing the significant usable-security of hospital management software. Therefore, in this research study, the authors have employed an integrated methodology of fuzzy logic, ANP and TOPSIS to estimate the usable - security of Hospital Management System Software. For the intended objective, the study has taken into account 5 usable-security factors at first tier and 16 sub-factors at second tier with 6 hospital management system softwares as alternative solutions. To measure the weights of parameters and their relation with each other, Fuzzy ANP is implemented. Thereafter, Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology was employed and the rating of alternatives was calculated on the foundation of the proximity to the positive ideal solution.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2012

세계 각국은 신재생 에너지 가운데 해상풍력 발전에 국가적 역량을 집중하면서 해상풍력 터빈의 용량을 대형화하고 있다. 특히 해상풍력 터빈은 부피와 중량이 큰 특징이 있어 육상운송에 어려움이 있어 해상풍력 전용항만이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 해상풍력 단지가 성공적으로 조성 및 운영될 수 있도록 최적의 전용항만 입지선정에 영향을 끼치는 평가항목을 분석하여 국가정책 의사결정에 올바른 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Fuzzy-AHP 기법을 적용하여 평가항목 별 중요도를 도출하였다. 평가항목은 수준 I에서는 5가지, 즉 집적 요인, 지역 요인, 경제 요인, 입지 요인, 컨소시엄 요인이 선정되었다. 이 가운데 집적 요인 37.4%, 입지 요인 34.2%, 경제 요인 24.5%가 주요한 항목으로 분석되었다. 그리고 수준 II에서는 각 요인에 3가지 항목이 선정되어 모두 15개 평가항목이 선정되었다. 분석 결과를 보면, 해상풍력 전용항만 입지 선정에 있어서 핵심적으로 고려되어야 할 항목은 풍력산업의 집적도, 항만운영의 경제성을 확보하는 물동량 규모, 해상풍력 관련 산업의 발달 정도, 그리고 개발될 해상풍력 단지와의 근접성으로 나타났다. 즉 해상풍력 전용항만 건설은 항만건설 측면과 해상풍력 터빈 제조기업의 입지 선호지역을 복합적으로 고려해야 한다는 의미이다. 따라서 정부가 해상풍력 전용항만을 건설함에 있어서 풍력터빈 제조기업의 의견을 충분히 반영하는 것이 요구된다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애 아동을 대상으로 인지기반 작업수행 중재의 목표 활동, 중재 방법 및 중재 효과, 평가도구에 관한 정보를 수집하고 분석하여 중재 효과에 대한 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2022년 10월까지 게재된 논문을 대상으로, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrance Library 데이터베이스를 이용하여 검색하였다. 검색어는 ('developmental coordination disorder' OR 'DCD') AND ('Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance' OR 'Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance' OR 'CO-OP')이었다. 검색된 211편 중 선정기준과 배제기준에 따라 총 7편의 논문을 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 대상 문헌은 무작위 대조군 연구가 2편, 비무작위 두 집단 연구가 1편, 비무작위 한 집단 연구가 3편, 단일 대상 연구가 1편으로 전반적으로 근거 수준이 높게 나타났다. 중재의 목표 활동은 놀이, 교육, 일상생활활동 영역 순으로 선호도가 높았다. 인지기반 작업수행 중재는 대부분 한 회기에 1시간씩, 10회기로 진행하였으며, 작업수행과 운동기술에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중재의 효과는 주로 Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM)과 Performance Quality Rating Scale(PQRS)을 이용하여 작업수행 향상을, Movement Assessment Battery for Children(MABC)를 이용하여 운동 기술 향상을 평가하였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애 아동의 인지기반 작업수행 중재 적용에 있어 임상적 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1999

This study was undertaken with 542 fifth-grade elementary school children to investigate the characteristics in lifestyle, eating habits, food preferences of overweight and obese children in the Pocheon area of Korea. Anthropometry was conducted to determine obesity, and data was obtained on lifestyle, eating habits and food preferences by using questionnaires. The prevalence rate of obesity was 19.5% for boys and 8.5% for girls, and 14.3% of boys and 14.4% of girls were overweight. No significant differences was found in the body size and education years of parents, family income and the empolymental status of mother. Boys did not show any significant difference between subgroups in lifestyle, eating habits and food preferences. Obese girls watched TV longer and liked physical education less than normal and overweight groups, suggesting that an inactive lifestyle can be related to girls' obesity in this study. Overweight girls answered that they had significantly lower preferences for empty-calorie foods such as candies/caramels and cookies as well as high-fat foods such as samgyupsal(pork belly) than normal weight girls, implicating the fear of obesity for overweight girls, although more studies should be done including an assessment of actual intake of these foods. The preferences of obese girls for these foods were not higher than those of normal-weight girls, suggesting that the preference for certain foods may not be the characteristic of obese girls in this study. A special program for nutritional education with a different focus should be developed to combat the problems of each subgroup depending on gender and obesity status to improve the physical fitness of the children in this area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3865-3869
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• 2013

Background: Cigarette per day (CPD) use is a key smoking behaviour indicator. It reflects smoking intensity which is directly proportional to the occurrence of tobacco induced cancers. Self reported CPD assessment in surveys may suffer from digit bias and under reporting. Estimates from such surveys could influence the policy decision for tobacco control efforts. In this context, this study aimed at identifying underlying factors of digit bias and its implications for Global Adult Tobacco Surveillance. Materials or Methods: Daily manufactured cigarette users CPD frequencies from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) - India data were analyzed. Adapted Whipple Index was estimated to assess digit bias and data quality of reported CPD frequency. Digit bias was quantified by considering reporting of '0' or '5' as the terminal digits in the CPD frequency. The factors influencing it were identified by bivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean and mode of CPD frequency was 6.7 and 10 respectively. Around 14.5%, 15.1% and 15.2% of daily smokers had reported their CPD frequency as 2, 5 and 10 respectively. Modified Whipple index was estimated to be 226.3 indicating poor data quality. Digit bias was observed in 38% of the daily smokers. Heavy smoking, urban residence, North, South, North- East region of India, less than primary, secondary or higher educated and fourth asset index quintile group were significantly associated with digit bias. Discussion: The present study highlighted poor quality of CPD frequency data in the GATS-India survey and need for its improvement. Modeling of digit preference and smoothing of the CPD frequency data is required to improve quality of data. Marketing of 10 cigarette sticks per pack may influence CPD frequency reporting, but this needs further examination. Exploring alternative methods to reduce digit bias in cross sectional surveys should be given priority.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2019

식스시그마는 시장과 고객의 패러다임과 트렌드의 변화에 맞추어 모든 사업의 프로세스와 전략을 개선하는 경영 혁신운동이다. 식스시그마 프로젝트 선정에 관한 기존의 연구는 있으나 불완전한 정보환경 하에서 프로젝트 선정을 위한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 불완전한 정보 하에서 올바른 프로젝트 선정을 위해 통합 MCDM 기법을 적용 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 식스시그마 프로젝트 선정을 위해 4단계인 1) 평가기준 간 가중치 결정 2) 팀 멤버 간 전문역량의 상대적 중요도 결정 3) 프로젝트 선호도 척도 산정 4) 최종 프로젝트 우선순위 결정 등을 위해 그룹 Fuzzy AHP, 불완전한 정보환경 하에서의 비퍼지화 TrFN 변환, GRA의 통합기법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 식스시그마 프로젝트 선정단계의 적용방안에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 수치예가 제시되었다.