• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2018

Ecosystem service valuation is a crucial step for the sustainable management of watershed. In the context of various ecosystem services provided by watershed, this study, particularly deals with water yield computation in Bagmati Basin of Nepal. The water availability per population in Bagmati Basin is lowest compared to other basins in Nepal. Also, the rate of urbanization is rapidly growing over a decade. In this regard, the objectives of this study are 1) to compute the total water yield of the basin along with computation on a sub-watershed scale, and 2) Study the impacts of land use change on water yield based on CLUE-S model. For the study, Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), a popular model for ecosystem service assessment based on Budyko hydrological method is used to compute water yield. As well, CLUE-S model is used to study land use change, which is further related to study variation on water yield. The sub-watershed wise outcome of the study is expected to provide the guidelines for the effective and economic management of a watershed on a regional scale.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.847-853
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• 2007

In Korean coastal areas, land reclamations are main development projects that should be based on environmental impact assessment(EIA), because those human interventions can change coastlines, damage tidal flats, and pollute adjacent areas to threat seafood safety and devaluate overall ecosystem service value. Existing procedures of the EIA for land reclamation projects were diagnosed and evaluated to enhance them. Problems were identified in the designation of survey areas, the consistency in survey sites and periods, the standardization of survey methods and reports, the confidence of survey results and the verification of predictions. Lack of integration was noticeable and could be improved by synthesizing different assessments from topography geography, marine physics, marine chemistry and marine biology. We suggest that successful precautionary marine environment management requires readjusting the cost of EIA, recruiting experts in marine environment, constructing database and establishing specialized assessment system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Forest ecosystem is considered as an important stepping stone to minimize the impact of climate change. However, the rapid urbanization has caused fragmentation of forest ecosystem. The fragmentation of forest patch results in edge effect which brings about adverse impacts on forest function and structure. Degradation of forest ecosystem decreases carbon sequestration because edge effect reduces productivity. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of forest edge effect on forest ecosystem carbon stock change in Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do. We used connectivity analysis to determine forest edge and core area. The field study sites were selected with considering forest age, density, class and soil type. Secondly, forest carbon stock was calculated with allometric equation. The soil carbon stock was derived from Walkely-Black method. Lastly, Mann-Whitney test was conducted to validate differences between carbon stock in edge and core area. As a result of study, the connectivity analysis was effective to determine forest edge and core. The core and edge of forest patch showed different composition of tree species and soil properties. Carbon stock per tree in the edge area was lower than that in the core area. However, the difference of soil organic carbon content between the edge and core were relatively small. This assessment can be applied for the conservation of forest patch as well as quantitative assessment on the forest carbon stock change caused by fragmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.67-87
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• 2021

Provisioning service, which is one of the ecosystem service functions, means goods and services such as food and fuel that people get from ecosystem. Provisioning functions are closely related to the primary industry, a sector of economy. Excessive demand and use of human society can cause trade-offs among regulation, cultural, and supporting services. Therefore, it is important to perform evaluation ecosystem services periodically and to monitor the time series fluctuations to identify the impact of provisioning services on other ecosystem services (trade-off) and to maintain sustainable provisioning service. When it comes to the precise assessment of provisioning service, it is necessary to get the statistical data and standardize indicators and methods. In this study, indicators and methods, which are applicable to the spatial level of national-local-protected areas, were derived through literature analysis and expert survey. The result of this study implies that provisioning services measurement by spatial level improve the efficiency of the establishment of environmental conservation plans by whose purpose.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of climate change prospect and vulnerability assessment and the awareness of those by public officials and citizens at Yeongwol county, Gangwon province where experiencing the most climate change vulnerability. Data of 12 meteorological categories such as mean temperature at Yeongwol weather station from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed. Climate change vulnerability was assessed with 29 sub-categories in 6 categories (health, emergency/disaster, agriculture, forestry, water management, ecosystem) of National Institute of Environment Research's LCCGIS (2013). The awareness of climate change and its vulnerability was surveyed with 154 citizens and 130 officials at Yeoungwol county. The climate change prospect and its vulnerability was similar to the actual climate change effect. However, the awareness of climate change was different between some officials and citizens. The results of this study would be base data for the Yeoungwol county's future climate change adaptation poicy making.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: To quantify carbon exchange at agricultural ecosystems in South Korea, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at three croplands including a rice paddy, a bean field and an apple orchard was measured on the basis of the eddy covariance technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: NEE of CO2 during the growing season (June to September) averaged over the recent two years (2018-2019) was the highest at rice (-4.49 g C m-2 day-1), followed by the bean (-3.12 g C m-2 day-1) and apple (-0.93 g C m-2 day-1). The diurnal variation of NEE was the highest at the rice, while the seasonal variation of it was the highest at the bean than others. In terms of yearly variation, the rice paddy and the bean field absorbed more CO2 in 2019 compared to 2018, while the apple orchard absorbed less. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed that these croplands consistently acted as net sinks for CO2 during the growing season because an amount of CO2 uptake from photosynthesis was larger than one of its emissions from respiration. The quantification of net CO2 exchange at agricultural ecosystems may help to better understand the local carbon cycle over various time scales.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.spc
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• pp.681-688
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• 2016

This study examined the effective uses of an ecosystem service value assessment in the fields of rural planning and development through archiving and reviewing/analyzing existing concepts, evaluation methods and prior examples of Ecosystem services. Based on land cover analysis, this study evaluated the usability changes in the ecosystem service value for a period spanning 1975 to 2000. The results from the countrywide data survey (with an exception of Jeju island) showed a 33.15% decrease in ESV by 2000. The total ESV represented 5,385 million USD in 1975, and 3,600 million USD in 2000 of the study area. In addition, the ecosystem service value with a scale of metro cities and provinces was also examined. The ESV of most regions decreased by 2000, but Daejeon and Kyeongnam, and Kyeongbuk provinces increased. The trends of year to year changes in the ESV were very diverse throughout the country. Jeonnam showed the smallest decrease, 747 million USD, which is 59% of the ESV in 1975. Nevertheless, the despite the regional differences in available natural resources, the natural resource assets value is ultimately determined by rural development policies and regional economic attributes. Therefore, an ecosystem service must be considered as an important criterion for rural planning and development policy.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

Korean fir (Abies koreana) is an evergreen coniferous tree species that is unique to South Korea. A. koreana is found in a limited sub-alpine habitat and is considered particularly vulnerable to climate change. Identification of populations vulnerable to climate change is an important component of conservation programs. In this study, a heat stress-induced transcriptome RNA-seq dataset was used to identify a subset of six genes for assessment as candidate marker genes for ecologically vulnerable populations. Samples of A. koreana were isolated from ecologically stable and vulnerable regions of the Halla and Jiri mountains, and the expression levels of the six candidate markers were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All six of the candidate genes exhibited higher expression levels in samples from vulnerable regions compared with stable regions. These results confirm that the six high temperature-induced genes can be used as diagnostic markers for the identification of populations of A. koreana that are experiencing stress due to the effects of climate change.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to review integrated assessment studies conducted to address the impacts of climate change sea-level rise on agricultural sector and to derive suggestions for improving the integrated assessment process to assist decision-makers in establishing climate change adaptation policy. We collect integrated assessment studies which are based on the impact-pathway analysis, compare their step-by-step procedures and identify main factors addressed in each step. The assessment process is typically carried out in the sequence of scenario development, determination of assessment scope, physical impact assessment, economic analysis and synthesis of the outcomes from each step. We identify two types of integrated assessment. The first one examines the impacts of changes in temperature and/or precipitation on the crop-cultivation patterns and/or agricultural productivity and resulting economic effects on agricultural sector. The other investigates the impacts of sea-level rise on land use/coverage and resulting economic damages in terms of land-value loss where the effects on agriculture is treated as one sector among others. To enhance integrated assessment, we suggest that 1) scenarios need to incorporate the effects of climate change and sea-level rise simultaneously, 2) scope of the assessment needs to be extended to include ecosystem services as well as crop production, 3) social and cultural aspects need to be considered in addition to economic analysis, and 4) synthesis of the outcomes from each step should be able to combine quantitative as well as qualitative information.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2021

Many countries have established and implemented marine ecosystem management plans to solve various problems arising from excessive development and use of marine and coastal areas. In this study, network analysis was applied to compare and understand marine ecosystem management's direction and characteristics in Korea and other maritime countries. The results showed that the words 'strengthen,' 'promote,' 'improve,' and 'establish' were the keywords used a lot in domestic and foreign marine ecosystem management plans. Establishing a foundation for marine ecosystem management, establishing international cooperation and partnerships, and strengthening climate change adaptation was commonly included. However, there were some differences in detailed management plans. In foreign countries, it aims to present management measures for certain species and improve the existing institutional foundation. Still, in Korea, it aims to strengthen the comprehensive management of marine life and establish an institutional foundation for marine ecosystems. This study is expected to help understand the direction of domestic and overseas marine ecosystem management and establish a domestic marine ecosystem management plan in the future.