• 제목/요약/키워드: Assembly Cost

검색결과 434건 처리시간 0.027초

해외 특허 사례 기반 프리패브 공간 구조 분석 (Analysis on Prefabricated Space Structure Based on Overseas Patent Case Study)

  • 한현석
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.207-214
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 다양한 환경에서 임시 주거를 위한 공간을 쉽게 구성하는 방법을 분석한다. 이를 위해 모듈라 조립식 건축 구조의 사례를 분석하고 임시 주거 공간을 형성할 수 있는 다양한 해결 방안을 탐색한다. 본 연구를 통해 예측이 불가능한 다양한 상황에서 사용자의 안정적 생활 환경을 위한 주거 공간을 구축하기 위해 다양한 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이와 관련된 다양한 해외의 특허 사례를 수집하고 분석하여 다음과 같이 총 4가지의 그룹으로 그 결과를 도출하였다. 이는 1) 소규모 부품을 활용한 조립 방식, 2) 프리패브 모듈의 적층 방식, 3) 공간 확장 방식, 그리고 4) 세부요소의 제작 방식으로 구분될 수 있으며, 이를 기반으로 향후 보다 더 저비용 및 효율적으로 구축이 가능한 프리패브 임시 주거 공간의 구조를 연구하고자 한다.

3-D Hetero-Integration Technologies for Multifunctional Convergence Systems

  • 이강욱
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2015
  • Since CMOS device scaling has stalled, three-dimensional (3-D) integration allows extending Moore's law to ever high density, higher functionality, higher performance, and more diversed materials and devices to be integrated with lower cost. 3-D integration has many benefits such as increased multi-functionality, increased performance, increased data bandwidth, reduced power, small form factor, reduced packaging volume, because it vertically stacks multiple materials, technologies, and functional components such as processor, memory, sensors, logic, analog, and power ICs into one stacked chip. Anticipated applications start with memory, handheld devices, and high-performance computers and especially extend to multifunctional convengence systems such as cloud networking for internet of things, exascale computing for big data server, electrical vehicle system for future automotive, radioactivity safety system, energy harvesting system and, wireless implantable medical system by flexible heterogeneous integrations involving CMOS, MEMS, sensors and photonic circuits. However, heterogeneous integration of different functional devices has many technical challenges owing to various types of size, thickness, and substrate of different functional devices, because they were fabricated by different technologies. This paper describes new 3-D heterogeneous integration technologies of chip self-assembling stacking and 3-D heterogeneous opto-electronics integration, backside TSV fabrication developed by Tohoku University for multifunctional convergence systems. The paper introduce a high speed sensing, highly parallel processing image sensor system comprising a 3-D stacked image sensor with extremely fast signal sensing and processing speed and a 3-D stacked microprocessor with a self-test and self-repair function for autonomous driving assist fabricated by 3-D heterogeneous integration technologies.

$NaBH_4$를 이용만 공기호흡형 수소연료전지에 대한 연구 (Planar, Air-breathing PEMFC Systems Using Sodium Borohydride)

  • 김진호;황광택
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.300-308
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    • 2009
  • In a pursuit of the development of alternative mobile power sources with a high energy density, a planar and air-breathing PEMFCs with a new type of hydrogen cartridge which uses onsite $H_2$ generated from sodium borohydride ($NaBH_4$) hydrolysis have been investigated for use in advanced power systems. Two types of $H_2$ generation through $NaBH_4$ hydrolysis are available: (1) using organic acids such as sulphuric acid, malic acid, and sodium hydrogen carbonate in aqueous solution with solid $NaBH_4$ and (2) using solid selected catalysts such as Pt, Ru, CoB into the stabilized alkaline $NaBH_4$ solution. It might therefore be relevant at this stage to evaluate the relative competitiveness of the two methods mentioned above. The effects of flow rate of stabilized $NaBH_4$ solution, MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) improvement, and type and flow control of the catalytic acidic solution have been studied and the cell performances of the planar, air-breathing PEMFCs using $NaBH_4$ has been measured from aspects of power density, fuel efficiency, energy density, and fast response of cell. In our experiments, planar, air-breathing PEMFCs using $NaBH_4$ achieved to maximum power density of 128mW/$cm^2$ at 0.7V and energy efficiency of 46% and has many advantages such as low operating temperature, sustained operation at a high power density, compactness, the potential for low cost and volume, long stack life, fast star-up and suitability for discontinuous operation.

A Review on Membranes and Catalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Single Cells

  • Cho, Min Kyung;Lim, Ahyoun;Lee, So Young;Kim, Hyoung-Juhn;Yoo, Sung Jong;Sung, Yung-Eun;Park, Hyun S.;Jang, Jong Hyun
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.183-196
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    • 2017
  • The research efforts directed at advancing water electrolysis technology continue to intensify together with the increasing interest in hydrogen as an alternative source of energy to fossil fuels. Among the various water electrolysis systems reported to date, systems employing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane are known to display both improved safety and efficiency as a result of enhanced separation of products: hydrogen and oxygen. Conducting water electrolysis in an alkaline medium lowers the system cost by allowing non-platinum group metals to be used as catalysts for the complex multi-electron transfer reactions involved in water electrolysis, namely the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively). We briefly review the anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and electrocatalysts developed and applied thus far in alkaline AEM water electrolysis (AEMWE) devices. Testing the developed components in AEMWE cells is a key step in maximizing the device performance since cell performance depends strongly on the structure of the electrodes containing the HER and OER catalysts and the polymer membrane under specific cell operating conditions. In this review, we discuss the properties of reported AEMs that have been used to fabricate membrane-electrode assemblies for AEMWE cells, including membranes based on polysulfone, poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phylene) oxide, polybenzimidazole, and inorganic composite materials. The activities and stabilities of tertiary metal oxides, metal carbon composites, and ultra-low Pt-loading electrodes toward OER and HER in AEMWE cells are also described.

유압 충격압력 발생기의 시스템 설계와 성능평가 (System Design and Performance Test of Hydraulic Intensifier)

  • 김형의;이기천;김재훈
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.947-952
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    • 2010
  • 압력용기, 유압호스 조립체, 어큐뮤레이터, 유압실린더, 유압밸브, 파이프 등의 제품들의 시험은 일반적으로 ISO와 SAE에서 정의되는 충격압력 조건들로 작동되고 있다. 충격압력 시험 장비는 높은 압력, 정확한 제어 시스템, 장기간 사용할 수 있는 수명을 가지는 것이 요구되며, 언급된 사항들은 유압 시스템에서 보다 높은 압력이 발생되어지는 충격압력 발생기를 제작하는데 필요하다. 충격압력 시험기는 제어는 편리하지만 높은 가격인 서보밸브 제어 시스템이 적용되었다. 제어 시스템의 적용은 시험하는 제품들에 영향을 주는 압력의 파형을 생성한다. 본 연구는 유량과 압력, 압력의 상승속도를 고려한 충격압력 발생시스템 설계 및 제작 과정을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이것은 또한 결과로써 시스템에서 초고압의 압력을 발생시키는 압력 파형을 얻을 수 있었다.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Marker Discovery from Transcriptome Sequencing for Marker-assisted Backcrossing in Capsicum

  • Kang, Jin-Ho;Yang, Hee-Bum;Jeong, Hyeon-Seok;Choe, Phillip;Kwon, Jin-Kyung;Kang, Byoung-Cheorl
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.535-543
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    • 2014
  • Backcross breeding is the method most commonly used to introgress new traits into elite lines. Conventional backcross breeding requires at least 4-5 generations to recover the genomic background of the recurrent parent. Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) represents a new breeding approach that can substantially reduce breeding time and cost. For successful MABC, highly polymorphic markers with known positions in each chromosome are essential. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have many advantages over other marker systems for MABC due to their high abundance and amenability to genotyping automation. To facilitate MABC in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), we utilized expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to develop SNP markers in this study. For SNP identification, we used Bukang $F_1$-hybrid pepper ESTs to prepare a reference sequence through de novo assembly. We performed large-scale transcriptome sequencing of eight accessions using the Illumina Genome Analyzer (IGA) IIx platform by Solexa, which generated small sequence fragments of about 90-100 bp. By aligning each contig to the reference sequence, 58,151 SNPs were identified. After filtering for polymorphism, segregation ratio, and lack of proximity to other SNPS or exon/intron boundaries, a total of 1,910 putative SNPs were chosen and positioned to a pepper linkage map. We further selected 412 SNPs evenly distributed on each chromosome and primers were designed for high throughput SNP assays and tested using a genetic diversity panel of 27 Capsicum accessions. The SNP markers clearly distinguished each accession. These results suggest that the SNP marker set developed in this study will be valuable for MABC, genetic mapping, and comparative genome analysis.

Welfare Effects of the Tax Reforms in Two Vertically-Related Oligopolies with Environmental Externality

  • 홍인기
    • 환경정책연구
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.1-40
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 산업구조상 수직적으로 연결된 과점산업들을 상정한 뒤, 상류 및 하류 산업의 과점으로 인해 발생하는 최적에 미달하는 산출수준, 하류부문의 투입물 사용에서 발생하는 비효율성, 그리고 상류부문 과점산업의 환경오염으로 인해 발생하는 네 가지 비효율성을 모두 고려할 수 있는 이론 모형으로 정식화하고, 정책당국이 세수중립적인 세제개혁을 통해서 어떻게 후생증진을 도모할 수 있는지 논증한다. 이를 위해서 상류부문이 생산하는 중간재과 하류부문이 생산하는 최종재에 각각 산출세를 부과하는 경우와 환경오염 자체에 피구세(稅)를 부과하는 경우를 분리 상정하고, 각각의 후생변화를 수식으로 도출한다. 그 결과, 오염에 부과되는 생산요소간 대체를 가능하게하는 피구세(稅)가 생산감축을 통한 환경오염감소를 허용하는 산출세에 비해서 더 효과적으로 후생을 증진시킬 수 있는 논거가 경쟁적 단일산업에서뿐만 아니라 수직적으로 연결된 과점산업구조하에서도 여전히 타당함을 증명하고, 세수중립적인 조세-보조금 정책조합을 이용한 조세개혁을 통해 정책당국이 후생증진을 도모할 수 있는 조건을 명시적으로 도출한다. 또한 상하류 과점산업들의 한계적 이윤비용구조 및 한계적 환경오염의 상대적 크기가 각 산업에 대한 조세-보조금 정책조합의 방향을 결정하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 밝힌다.

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평형수처리장치 성능기준 및 시행시기 차이에 의한 관련 당사자들의 대응전략 연구 (A study on the strategy of concerned parties with regard to the performance standards and implementation schedule of ballast water treatment systems)

  • 김경민;김회준;하원재
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.325-332
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    • 2014
  • 평형수처리장치는 고가이며, 현존선에는 설치시 기술적으로 고려할 사항이 많고 설치시간 또한 많이 걸린다. 더불어, 평형수관리협약이 발효되지 않은 상황에서 총회 결의로 탑재시기를 조정하였으며, 미국의 캘리포니아주 및 뉴욕주에서는 IMO D-2 규칙보다 엄격한 평형수 배출 기준을 적용하고자 하고 있으며, 그 시행시기도 협약보다 조기에 시행하고자 하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 평형수처리장치 제조자와 선주의 이해가 상이한 부분의 고려가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 선박 탑재시의 고려사항, 미국의 강화된 기준 및 협약의 시행시기 유예 사항을 검토하여, 앞으로 다가올 선박평형수관리협약의 발효와 미국의 강화된 기준 시행에 대비한 각 이해 당사자들의 전략을 제시하고자 한다.

Detection of tension force reduction in a post-tensioning tendon using pulsed-eddy-current measurement

  • Kim, Ji-Min;Lee, Jun;Sohn, Hoon
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제65권2호
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    • pp.129-139
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    • 2018
  • Post-tensioning (PT) tendons are commonly used for the assembly of modularized concrete members, and tension is applied to the tendons during construction to facilitate the integrated behavior of the members. However, the tension in a PT tendon decreases over time due to steel corrosion and concrete creep, and consequently, the stress on the anchor head that secures the PT tendon also diminishes. This study proposes an automatic detection system to identify tension reduction in a PT tendon using pulsed-eddy-current (PEC) measurement. An eddy-current sensor is installed on the surface of the steel anchor head. The sensor creates a pulsed excitation to the driving coil and measures the resulting PEC response using the pick-up coil. The basic premise is that the tension reduction of a PT tendon results in stress reduction on the anchor head surface and a change in the PEC intensity measured by the pick-up coil. Thus, PEC measurement is used to detect the reduction of the anchor head stress and consequently the reduction of the PT tendon force below a certain threshold value. The advantages of the proposed PEC-based tension-reduction-detection (PTRD) system are (1) a low-cost (< $ 30), low-power (< 2 Watts) sensor, (2) a short inspection time (< 10 seconds), (3) high reliability and (4) the potential for embedded sensing. A 3.3 m long full-scale monostrand PT tendon was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed PTRD system. The PT tendon was tensioned to 180 kN using a custom universal tensile machine, and the tension was decreased to 0 kN at 20 kN intervals. At each tension, the PEC responses were measured, and tension reduction was successfully detected.

Label-free Femtomolar Detection of Cancer Biomarker by Reduced Graphene Oxide Field-effect Transistor

  • Kim, Duck-Jin;Sohn, Il-Yung;Jung, Jin-Heak;Yoon, Ok-Ja;Lee, N.E.;Park, Joon-Shik
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.549-549
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    • 2012
  • Early detection of cancer biomarkers in the blood is of vital importance for reducing the mortality and morbidity in a number of cancers. From this point of view, immunosensors based on nanowire (NW) and carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) that allow the ultra-sensitive, highly specific, and label-free electrical detection of biomarkers received much attention. Nevertheless 1D nano-FET biosensors showed high performance, several challenges remain to be resolved for the uncomplicated, reproducible, low-cost and high-throughput nanofabrication. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) graphene and reduced GO (RGO) nanosheets or films find widespread applications such as clean energy storage and conversion devices, optical detector, field-effect transistors, electromechanical resonators, and chemical & biological sensors. In particular, the graphene- and RGO-FETs devices are very promising for sensing applications because of advantages including large detection area, low noise level in solution, ease of fabrication, and the high sensitivity to ions and biomolecules comparable to 1D nano-FETs. Even though a limited number of biosensor applications including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene film for DNA detection, single-layer graphene for protein detection and single-layer graphene or solution-processed RGO film for cell monitoring have been reported, development of facile fabrication methods and full understanding of sensing mechanism are still lacking. Furthermore, there have been no reports on demonstration of ultrasensitive electrical detection of a cancer biomarker using the graphene- or RGO-FET. Here we describe scalable and facile fabrication of reduced graphene oxide FET (RGO-FET) with the capability of label-free, ultrasensitive electrical detection of a cancer biomarker, prostate specific antigen/${\alpha}$ 1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT) complex, in which the ultrathin RGO channel was formed by a uniform self-assembly of two-dimensional RGO nanosheets, and also we will discuss about the immunosensing mechanism.

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