• Toxicological Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-84
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the teratological potential of azinphos-methyl in the rat fetuses and to establish the nature of the effects on organogenesis and intrauterine development. The Sprague-Dawley female rats (180-210g) without previous litter were used in this study. Azinphos-methyl dosages of 0.094mg/kg, 0.4mg/kg, 1.5mg/kg were selected based on the acute intragastric $LD_{50}$ of 15mg/kg in the rat. Azinphos-methyl in water (Treatment Group), non-treatment control (Negative Control), water control (Sham Control), were administered by oral route and aqueous solution of acetyl salicylic acid (Positive Control) was administered by gavage at rate of 10 ml/kg of body weight from day 6 through 15. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Decreased body weight of dams was observed in animals treated with aspirin and azinphos-methyl 1.5 mg/kg from day 7 through 14. (P<0.01) 2. There was an apparent decrement in the absolute liver weight in the azinphos-methyl 1.5 mg/kg treated group (P<0.05). However, the absolute and relative kidney weight in aspirin group (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the absolute and relative ovary weight in aspirin, azinphos-methyl treatment groups (P<0.01, P<0.05) were increased. 3. Decreased protein contents of dam's liver was observed in the aspirin and high dose azinphos-methyl treated group of animals (P<0.01). 4. The number of male-female ratio per dam increased in azinphos-methyl 1.5 mg/kg group but there was an apparent decrement in the body weight of fetuses in aspirin and high dose azinphos-methyl group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Total immature and resorbed fetuses were increased in aspirin group and the number of dead fetuses were also increased in azinphos-methyl 1.5mg/kg treated group of animals. (P<0.01, P<0.05). 5. In soft tissue defects, diaphragmatic hernia in diaphragm, anophthalmia, enlarged olfactory bulb, hydrocephalus, absence of third and lateral ventricle in skull, hydronephrosis in kidney, atrophy of left ventricle wall, enlarged apex in heart were observed. Especially, defects of diaphragm, heart and eye ball showed peak incidences in the high dose azinphosmethyl and aspirin group. (P<0.01). 6. Variations in the ossification patterns of skull, sternebrae, tail, forelimbs and hindlimbs showed peak incidences in the aspirin and high dose azinphos-methyl group. (P<0.01). 7. In the developmental indices of offspring, the mortality of aspirin and azinphos-methyl 1.5mg/kg treated group was higher than that of negative control. And, there was an apparent decrement in the body weight of fetuses (P<0.01) and considerable differences were obtained in pivoting, development of fur, auditory function, vision, quadrupled muscle development and testes descent in aspirin and azinphos-methyl 1.5mg/kg group. (P<0.01).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.453-457
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• 1993

Platelet anti-aggregating activities were tested with analogs of protocatechuic acid and gallic acid. Six of them which showed comparable inhibitory effects with aspirin against collagen induced platelet aggregation were selected and their anti-thrombotic effects were evaluated in the mouse thrombosis model and compared with those of aspirin and paeonol. At the dose of 50 mg/kg, p.o., ethyl gailate(13) treated group showed higher % of recovery within 6 min of thrombotic challenge and lower mortality within 5 min than aspirin treated group.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 1978

Aspirin is one of the oldest synthetic drugs and remains the most widely used medical agent. It is a household remedy effective in treating such common ailments as headache, minor muscular pain and fever. Aspirin is the drug choice for rheumatic fever and arthritis which some five million Americans suffer. Lately it has been established by double-blind and randomized clinical studies that regular aspirin intake reduces the incidence of mild strokes and heart attackes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2000

Specific molecular recognition of cyclodextrin and aspirin was determined. A stable 1:1 inclusion complex was established in solution. The distinct structure of inclusion complex was elucidated by FT-IR, FAB-MS, UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Based on the 1H NMR data, a time-averaged conformation of $\alpha$-cyclodextrin exhibited significant catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of aspirin in alkaline solution.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 1983

A study was undertaken on rats in order to clarify the gastric mucosal, morphologic response to oral and subcutaneous administration of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin). Aspirin was administered orally (oral group) and subcutaneously (subcutaneous group) at does rate of 60 mg per kg of body weight per day to 40 normal rats. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 15th day of administration, in addition to clinical observation, 5 rats each from the both groups were sacrificed and examined macroscopically, histologically and electron-microscopically for the morphological changes of gastric mucosal cells with the following results. Although the clinical, macroscopic and histological changes were not significant, marked ultrastructural changes were observed. Parietal and chief cells were affected most severely by the administration of aspirin ; parietal cells showed increase in the number of SER and intracellular canaliculi, where-as in chief cells fragmentation, luminal dilatation, decrease in the number and structural abnormalities of RER were seen. Relatively mild changes were observed in mucous, mucous neck and basal-granulated cells. Although the degree of changes was milder than those of oral group, the similar changes were also observed in the subcutaneous group. From these results, it would be concluded that aspirin injury of gastric mucosa is effected not only by the direct injury to the mucosa but also indirectly by the blood concentration of aspirin.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2000

In the field of microsurgery, the vascular obstruction of the microvascular anastomosis by thrombus is one of the most important complication. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect between aspirin and prostaglandin $E_1$($PGE_1$) which act as the peripheral vasodilatation and platelet disaggregation. We have used total 48 white male rats and divided them into three gruoups(A, B and C group). Each group consists of 16 rats respectively. A group is as control, B group is medicated with aspirin(3.0mg/kg/day) and C group with $PGE_1(1.2{\mu}g/kg/day)$. The gross and histopathologic findings at anastomosed site were observed on 3, 5, 10 and 15 days after vascular anastomosis and the results were obtained as the followings. 1. The microvascular patency rate is 81.2% in control group, 93.8% in aspirin group and 100% in $PGE_1$ group. 2. On the histologic examination, the formation of mural thrombus is decreased both in the aspirin and $PGE_1$ group as comparing with the control group and also the hypertrophy of the intima forming from media is less formed in $PGE_1$ group than aspirin group and the degree of thickeness is also less. 3. The fibrosis of media is less observed in $PGE_1$ group than aspirin group. According to the above results, the application of $PGE_1$ to the microsurgery is considered to be effective on the prevention of the thrombus formation and on providing high patency rate.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.714-721
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• 2010

Objective : The study was designed to test the anti-platelet effect of the extract Cheongpyesagan-tang and compare it with aspirin in vitro. Methods : The extract from Cheongpyesagan-tang was made by the pharmacy department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital. The extract was investigated for inhibition against the collagen induced aggregation of human platelet suspensions on aggregometry. Aspirin and aspirin-Cheongpyesagan-tang were investigated together. Results : 1. In collagen induced human platelet aggregation test, the extract from Cheongpyesagan-tang significantly inhibited in concentration 30mg/ml (p<0.05), 40mg/ml, 50mg/ml (p<0.001) and the effect depended on concentration over 20mg/ml. 2. Aspirin and aspirin-Cheongpyesagan-tang inhibited collagen induced human platelet aggregation significantly (p<0.001). Aspirin-extract of Cheongpyesagan-tang inhibition rate was higher than aspirin only (p<0.05). Conclusions : The extract of Cheongpyesagan-tang has anti-platelet aggregation and synergic effect with aspirin on human platelet in vitro.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effects of ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgolide A and B and aspirin on SK-N-MC, human neuroblastoma cell viability and mRNA expression of growth associated protein43 (GAP43), Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl2) and protein53 (p53) gene in hypoxia and reperfusion condition. Methods: SK-N-MC cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) media in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The cells were cultured for 8 hours in non-glucose media and hypoxic condition and for 12 hours in normal media and $O_2$ concentration. Cell survival rate was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) reagent assay. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to estimate mRNA levels of GAP43, MAP2, Bcl2, and p53 genes. Results: The ginkgolide A and B increased viable cell number decreased in hypoxic and reperfused condition. The co-treatment of ginkgolide B with aspirin also increased the number of viable cells, however, there was no additive effect. Although there was no increase of mRNA expression of GAP43, MAP2, and Bcl2 in SK-N-MC cells with individual treatment of ginkgolide A, B or aspirin in hypoxic and reperfused condition, the co-treatment of ginkgolide A or B with aspirin significantly increased GAP43 and Bcl2 mRNA levels. In MAP2, only the co-treatment of ginkgolide A and aspirin showed increasing effect. The mRNA expression of p53 had no change in all treating conditions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combined treatments of Ginkgo biloba extracts and aspirin increase the regeneration of neuroblastoma cells injured by hypoxia and reperfusion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between thromboembolic complications and anti platelet drugs before and after neurointervention. Methods : Blood samples and radiographic data of patients who received a neurointervention (coil embolization, stent placement or both) were collected prospectively. Rapid platelet function assay-aspirin (RPFA-ASA) was used to calculate aspirin resistance in aspirin reaction units (ARU). For clopidogrel resistance, a P2Y12 assay was used to analyze the percentage of platelet inhibition. ARU > 550 and platelet inhibition < 40% were defined as aspirin and clopidogrel resistance, respectively. Results : Both aspirin and clopidogrel oral pills were administered in fifty-three patients before and after neurointerventional procedures. The mean resistance values of all patients were 484 ARU and < 39%. Ten (17.0%) of 53 patients showed resistance to aspirin with an average of 597 ARU, and 33 (62.3%) of 53 patients showed resistance to clopidogrel with an average of < 26%. Ten patients demonstrated resistance to both drugs, 5 of which suffered a thromboembolic complication after neurointervention (mean values : 640 ARU and platelet inhibition < 23%). Diabetic patients and patients with hypercholesterolemia displayed mean aspirin resistances of 513.7 and 501.8 ARU, and mean clopidogrel resistances of < 33.8% and < 40.7%, respectively. Conclusion : Identifying individuals with poor platelet inhibition using standard regimens is of great clinical importance and may help prevent cerebral ischemic events in the future. Neurointerventional research should focus on ideal doses, timing, choices, safety, and reliable measurements of anti platelet drug therapy, as well as confirming the clinical relevance of aggregometry in cerebrovascular patients.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.474-479
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• 1992

Molecular interaction between ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin and aspirin was studied by UV, $^2H$-NMR and $^2H$-NMR spectroscopy analyses for solution complex and by FT-IR analyses for solid complex. The inclusion structure provides a basic understanding of the aspirin and ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin interaction.