• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.705-718
• /
• 2014

This paper presents an analytical model for determining the transverse reinforcement required for reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints subjected to reversed cyclic loading. Although the joint aspect ratio can affect joint shear strength, current design codes do not consider its effects in calculating joint shear strength and the necessary amount of transverse reinforcement. This study re-evaluated previous exterior beam-column joint tests collected from 11 references and showed that the joint shear strength decreases as the joint aspect ratio increases. An analytical model was developed, to quantify the transverse reinforcement required to secure safe load flows in exterior beam-column joints. Comparisons with a database of exterior beam-column joint tests from published literature validated the model. The required sectional ratios of horizontal transverse reinforcement calculated by the proposed model were compared with those specified in ACI 352R-02. More transverse reinforcement is required as the joint aspect ratio increases, or as the ratio of vertical reinforcement decreases; however, ACI 352R-02 specifies a constant transverse reinforcement, regardless of the joint aspect ratio. This reevaluation of test data and the results of the analytical model demonstrate a need for new criteria that take the effects of joint aspect ratio into account in exterior joint design.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2000.11b
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2000

A numerical study has been performed to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for shell-and-tube heat exchanger with various shapes of tubes. The Tubes have variation of Aspect Ratio, Pitch and Rotation. Results are presented as plots of Colburn j factor and friction factor f against Aspect Ratio, Pitch and Rotation. As Aspect Ratio increases, j factor and f factor decreases. As Pitch increases, j factor decreases. j/f have optimized Pitch for each Aspect Ratio. Accordingly, there is fitness of Aspect Ratio and Pitch fur most effective cases. The Rotation of tubes are of no meaning for both heat transfer and pressure drop.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2001

Both tensile and tear properties of short-fiber reinforced Chloroprene rubber have been studied as functions of the fiber aspect ratio and fiber content. Both properties increased when both the fiber aspect ratio and fiber content were increased. The fiber reinforced rubbers exhibited maximum values of these properties at a fiber aspect ratio of about 300. When the fiber aspect ratio exceeds 400, the mechanical properties decreased with the fiber content because of the non-uniform dispersion of fibers. The tensile modulus was compared with the prediction by the Halpin-Tsai equations for randomly oriented cases. A bonding agent was used in the fiber treating process. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength, torque, tearing energy and tensile modulus of the rubbers with treated fibers were much higher than those with untreated ones.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2008

Recently, there has been a serious effort to design a wing in ground effect (WIG) craft. Vehicles of this type might use low aspect ratio wings defined as those with smaller than 3. Design and prediction techniques for fixed wings of relatively large aspect ratio are reasonably well developed. However, Aerodynamic problems related to vortex lift on wings of low aspect ratio have made it difficult to use existing techniques. In this work, we firstly focus on understanding aerodynamic characteristics of low aspect ratio wings and comparing the results from experimental measurements and currently available numerical predictions for both inviscid and viscous flows. Second, we apply an improved numerical method, "B-spline based high panel method with wake roll-up modeling", to the same problem.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2021

A cylindrical microlens (CML) has been widely used as an optical element for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light diffusers, image sensors, 3D imaging, etc. To fabricate high-performance optoelectronic devices, the CML with high aspect ratio is demanded. In this work, we report on facile solution-based processes (i.e., slot-die and needle coatings) to fabricate the CML using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). It is found that compared with needle coating, slot-die coating provides the CML with lower aspect ratio due to the wide spread of solution along the hydrophilic head lip. Although needle coating provides the CML with high aspect ratio, it requires a high precision needle array module. To demonstrate that the aspect ratio of CML can be enhanced using slot-die coating, we have varied the molecular weight of PMMA. We can achieve the CML with higher aspect ratio using PMMA with lower molecular weight at a fixed viscosity because of the higher concentration of PMMA solute in the solution. We have also shown that the aspect ratio of CML can be further boosted by coating it repeatedly. With this scheme, we have fabricated the CML with the width of 252 ㎛ and the thickness of 5.95 ㎛ (aspect ratio=0.024). To visualize its light diffusion property, we have irradiated a laser beam to the CML and observed that the laser beam spreads widely in the vertical direction of the CML.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2015

TMixed convective flow in a bottom heated and top cooled rectangular channel can be significantly affected by the channel aspect ratio, Prandtl number, Reynolds number, Rayleigh number and angle of inclination. In such a mixed convection, the flow pattern plays an important role in various technological processes. In this study, a numerical investigation is carried out to explore mixed convection in a three-dimensional rectangular channel with bottom heated and top cooled uniformly. The three-dimensional governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method. In the range of low Reynolds number($0{\leq}Re{\leq}9.6{\times}10^{-2}$), the effects of the aspect ratio($2{\leq}AR{\leq}12$) and Gr/Re are presented and discussed. The longitudinal roll number in the channel is increased with increasing aspect ratio, and the roll number induced, regardless of the aspect ratio number, is even in the range of aspect ratios between 2 and 12, New vortex flow structure containing inclined longitudinal rolls is found, which is affected by aspect ratio and Reynolds number. The ratio Gr/Re is used to check the relative magnitudes of forced and natural convection in the mixed convective flow of high viscous fluid.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.9 s.186
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2006

The cooling capacity of a micro-heat pipe is mainly governed by the magnitude of capillary pressure induced in the wick structure. For microchannel wicks, a higher capillary pressure is achievable for narrower and deeper channels. In this study, a metallic micro-heat pipe adopting high-aspect-ratio microchannel wicks is fabricated. Micromachining of high-aspect-ratio microchannels is done using the laser-induced wet etching technique in which a focused laser beam irradiates the workpiece placed in a liquid etchant along a desired channel pattern. Because of the direct writing characteristic of the laser-induced wet etching method, no mask is necessary and the fabrication procedure is relatively simple. Deep microchannels of an aspect ratio close to 10 can be readily fabricated with little heat damage of the workpiece. The laser-induced wet etching process for the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microchannels in 0.5mm thick stainless steel foil is presented in detail. The shape and size variations of microchannels with respect to the process variables, such as laser power, scanning speed, number of scans, and etchant concentration are closely examined. Also, the fabrication of a flat micro-heat pipe based on the high-aspect-ratio microchannels is demonstrated.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect on the thermal stratification under various aspect ratios in the solar storage tank using FLUENT. Numerical calculations of three designs with different aspect ratio were carried out to show the behaviour of stratification in a solar storage tank. The calculation results show that the thermal stratification of the 2.5:1 aspect ratio solar storage tank can be 6.22% higher then that of the 1.5:1 aspect ratio solar storage tank and 2.68% higher then that of the 2:1 aspect ratio solar storage tank.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.717-722
• /
• 2003

The aspect ratio is the main parameter which governs the outer flow pattern and nozzle performance. And in this study, some flow characteristics with the variation of nozzle aspect ratios such as mean pressure distributions along the center line of the outer flow, flow coefficients and the diffusion angles have been experimentally investigated. Through the experimental analysis, the higher aspect ratio was known to decrease the jet kinetic energy because of the friction losses at the outer of nozzle. As the result, it is found that the nozzle performance depends mainly on the aspect ratio of nozzle.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2003

The Objective of this study is to investigate the effect of internal swiller angle and swirl chamber aspect ratio of nozzle on spray characteristics for application of spray system in micro fabrication process. The macro-spray characterictics such as the spray angle and breakup process were obtained by photographs illustrating atomization. The micro-spray characteristics such as droplet size and axial velocity were measured by using PDA with swirler angle and swirl chamber aspect ratio. The swiller angles were $13.5^{\circ},\;27^{\circ},\;and\;40.5^{\circ}$. The swirl chamber aspect ratios were 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0. It was found that the smaller swirl chamber aspect ratio was, the larger axial velocity and drop size were.