• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

This paper represents an attempt to bring together and analyses the measurement data measured by the Satellite Signal Monitoring Center in Korea and the Korea Meteorological Administration/Korea Meteorological Research Institute in close cooperation with this study team. This paper presents the signal characteristic of GEO satellite operating in frequency range 1 to 20GHz associated with Asian Sand Dust (the so-called Yellow Sand Dust). The downlink signal power (dBm) for L-, S-, C-, Ku-, and Ka-band frequencies from GEO satellites were measured in a clear weather and in Asian Sand Dust weather by the Satellite Signal Monitoring Center. The measured signal power(dBm) were compared to the total number concentration and size distribution of Sand Dust that were measured by the Korea Meteorological Administration/Korea Meteorological Research Institute and the possible correlation between these sets data were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the downlink signal level (dBm) of GEO satellite is attenuated by Asian Sand Dust. Hitherto, merger information has been reported as to the influence of sand dust on satellite communications operating in regions affected by sand dust.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

Asian sand dust is known to promote various respiratory symptoms or disorders. For the prevention of harmful health effects by Asian sand dust, the best strategy is known to avoid or reduce exposure to the Asian sand dust. Several studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (RG) has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. The study aimed to clarify the effect of Korean red ginseng intake on lung inflammation responses to artificial sand dust (ASD) similar to Asian sand dust. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (n=12) of control (saline), ovalbumin (OVA), OVA with ASD, OVA plus RG with ASD, and OVA plus dexamethasone (DEXA) with ASD. Histopathologic evaluation of lung was conducted. Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, IL-13, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and eotaxin within bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured by ELISA. OVA+ASD group significantly increased concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, MCP-1, and eotaxin (P<0.01) compared to the control. OVA+ASD+RG group showed significant decreased levels of IL-2, IL-13, MCP-1 and eotaxin (P<0.01) compared with OVA+ASD. Between RG and DEXA treatment groups, there was no significant difference in all cytokines and chemokines. The inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in treatment groups with RG or DEXA compared to OVA+ASD group. This study suggests a beneficial effect of Korean RG administration in preventing inflammation of lung resulting from Asian sand dust.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Asian Dust is a seasonal phenomenon which affects much of East Asia mostly in spring. The dust and sand storm originate in the deserts of Mongolia. northern China, and Kazakhstan. Asian Dust is carried eastward by prevailing winds, and pass over China, the Korean Peninsula. and Japan. In recent years, Republic of Korea, China, and Japan have participated in projects associated with implementation of observation network and reforestation in the source region. The information of Asian Dust can be exchanged in real time among the east Asian countries through the international co-operation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.277-284
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• 2004

The chemical composition and properties of soil were determined at selected sites, such as Loess plateau, Gobi and sand deserts in northern China, where most dust storms occur. Although the transport of this sort of dust storms to Korean peninsula is a well-documented phenomenon, there is not enough information about the very source regions. In this reason, this study tried to measure the chemical composition, including soil elements, anthropogenic elements and ions for soil samples so that certain properties of some major source regions of Asian Dust can be provided. Furthermore, the results are classified into four types of soil like Loess, Loess & sand, Gobi, and sand in order to identify the characteristics and difference among the types. $(X/Al)_{crust}$ values for each soil type were also calculated in this study and compared with those of other references including Asian Dust material(ADM). The results indicated that Ca contribution was higher than Al in all the soil types of this study including ADM and, compared with the values of urban area, contribution of anthropogenic elements such as Cr, Pb, Zn was quite low. However, it must be noted that there is such a variation in the result of soil composition, but it is also certain that the very source region soil composition resolved from this study could support the enhanced study on Asian Dust phenomenon in Korea.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2008

A geochemical technique based on rare earth element geochemistry was used to clarity the source of the Asian dust (Yellow sand) in the Daejeon area. The Asian dusts were collected 4 times during 31th March- 2nd April and 25th May-27th May 2007. The Yellow sand shows PAAS (Post Archean Australian Shale)-normalized REE pattern of the flattened LREE and slightly depleted LREE without Eu anomaly, whereas the Daejeon soil has slightly enriched LREE and depleted HREE with negative Eu anomaly. Our results show that REE patterns of the Asian dust are LREE-flattened similar to those of the sediment from the south-eastern part of Ordos desert. This suggests that Asian dust in the Daejeon area might be derived from the south-eastern part of Ordos desert.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

The etymology of the Chinese words for “Asian Dust" in Korea. China, and Japan has been investigated using historical records and the research results of Quan (1994) and Wada (1917) The results show that the words for Asian Dust in Korea can be found in $\boxDr$Samguksagi$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Korysa$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$Chosunwangjosillok$\boxUl$, which are histrorical books of Korea. In 174 AD, during the reign of King Adalla of the Silla Dynasty, “Dust Fall” was employed to describe a descending substance in the atmosphere other than water droplets (Wada, 1917; Chun et al., 2001). The terms “Dust Fall”, “Dust rain” and “Mud” were commonly used until the end of the 19th century. It was not until Japanese colonial rule (1910~1945) that “Yellow Sand” was used in Korea. The documentation on Asian Dust started far earlier in China. “Dust Fall” records were compiled as early as 1150 BC. At that time, Asian Dust was written as “Dust Fall” or “Mud”. “Yellow Sand” was recorded in 550 AD in China, however, it seems that its use was not as common as “Dust Fall”. In Japan, the first report related to Asian Bust was made in 807 AD : it used the phase “Yellow Rain”. “Mud” was recorded in 1596 and “Dust Fall” was employed in 1633 (Wada, 1917). “Yellow Sand” was used in 1939 as the title of a Japanese research paper.aper.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-79
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• 2007

The source regions of Asian Dusts (Yellow Sands) in the western part of China are investigated, and the soil samples are collected samples for approximately 15 days during the spring of 2005. Particle sizes of sediments are analyzed and compared with each other. These grain-size analyses from the source areas can be compared Particle sizes between loess deposits and desert sands in western part of China and desert areas show distinctive differences. Loess deposits are predominantly composed of fine sands and silts. The distinction between the final characteristics of Asian Dust particles arrived in Korea and characteristics during transportation can be recognized comparison with the Asian Dust particles collected where the dust particles settled down. The characteristics of Asian Dust particle sizes can provide the basic information regarding the transportation history from the source region.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.273-286
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• 2010

The northeast part of China(hereafter Manchuria) is one of Asian dust source regions along with Gobi, Inner Mongolia and Loess Plateau. In this study, a geographical survey over the area was carried out to determine its soil characteristics in June 2009. It revealed that some parts of the area, especially near Keerchin desert, consist of alkali clay soil mixed up with sand. Manchuria, where is a vast cornfield, can be a potential source region of Asian dust from fall to following spring after harvesting. The frequency of Asian dust over the region from 1996 to 2009 was examined using 3-hourly GTS SYNOP data and it showed that the occurrence of Asian dust over the region is high in the springtime. It was also revealed that snow cover is the key parameter affecting on the frequency through the analysis of NCEP reanalysis data. To scrutinize the path and structure of Asian dust from Manchuria, the event on 3~4 April 2008 and 25 January 2010 were intensively investigated with regard to features of synoptic weather patterns, satellite imagery, airstream, naked eye-observations, concentrations of PM10, 2.5 and 1.0. For this case, the Asian dust from the area reached to Korea less than a day. However, the duration time of the dust in Korea was short (< 7 hours). The average of hourly PM10 reached up to $340{\mu}g/m^{3}$ at Baengnyeondo during the period. The high PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations were also observed at several sites in Korea, indicating that air pollutants could be transported along with the dust.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate whether asian yellow sand dust (AS) has promoting effects of allergen-related airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, because the number of patient with allergic asthma and atopy, and with chronic bronchial inflammation and pneumonia have increased steadily in the cities of Korea. The appearance of AS collected was all round and flat, and the diameter was mostly below about 5 ${\mu}m$. When mice were treated with AS suspension by intratracheal instillation combined with ovalalbumin(OVA) sensitization chronically, the level of serum L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IgE and histamine, and respiratory resistance was increased. Intratracheal instillation of AS and OVA also enhanced infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), IgE and eotaxin expression, and T helper type 2 cell derived cytokines of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and IL-5 as major contributors to allergy and asthma. These results indicate that AS elevates allergen-related airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice and may play an important role in the aggravation of respiratory diseases in Korea.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.399-414
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• 2010

Sand and dust storm in East Asia, so called Asian dust, is a seasonal meteorological phenomenon. Mostly in spring, dust particles blown into atmosphere in the arid area over northern China desert and Manchuria are transported to East Asia by prevailing flows. An Asian dust event occurred on 6-8 May 2007 is chosen to investigate how sensitive the Asian dust transport forecast to the initial condition uncertainties and to interpret the characteristics of sensitivity structures from the viewpoint of dynamics and predictability. To investigate the forecast sensitivities to the initial condition, adjoint sensitivities that calculate gradient of the forecast aspect (i.e., response function) with respect to the initial condition are used. The forecast aspects relevant to Asian dust transports are dry energy forecast error and lower tropospheric pressure forecast error. The results show that the sensitive regions for the dry energy forecast error and the lower tropospheric pressure forecast error are initially located in the vicinity of the trough and then propagate eastward as the surface low system moves eastward. The vertical structures of the adjoint sensitivities for the dry energy forecast error are upshear tilted structures, which are typical adjoint sensitivity structures for extratropical cyclones. Energy distribution of singular vectors also show very similar structures with the adjoint sensitivities for the dry energy forecast error. The adjoint sensitivities of the lower tropospheric pressure forecast error with respect to the relative vorticity show that the accurate forecast of the trough (or relative vorticity) location and intensity is essential to have better forecasts of the Asian dust event. Forecast error for the atmospheric circulation during the dust event is reduced 62.8% by extracting properly weighted adjoint sensitivity perturbations from the initial state. Linearity assumption holds generally well for this case. Dynamics of the Asian dust transport is closely associated with predictability of it, and the improvement in the overall forecast by the adjoint sensitivity perturbations implies that adjoint sensitivities would be beneficial in improving the forecast of Asian dust events.