• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2014

Asian populations contain a variety of ethnic groups that have ethnically specific genetic differences. Ethnic variants may be highly relevant in disease and human differentiation studies. Here, we identified ethnically specific variants and then investigated their distribution across Asian ethnic groups. We obtained 58,960 Pan-Asian single nucleotide polymorphisms of 1,953 individuals from 72 ethnic groups of 11 Asian countries. We selected 9,306 ethnic variant single nucleotide polymorphisms (ESNPs) and 5,167 ethnic variant copy number polymorphisms (ECNPs) using the nearest shrunken centroid method. We analyzed ESNPs and ECNPs in 3 hierarchical levels: superpopulation, subpopulation, and ethnic population. We also identified ESNP- and ECNP-related genes and their features. This study represents the first attempt to identify Asian ESNP and ECNP markers, which can be used to identify genetic differences and predict disease susceptibility and drug effectiveness in Asian ethnic populations.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.774-791
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• 2016

최근 아시아인 인구의 교외화 연구에 따르면 이들의 취락 패턴은 과거 이민자들의 격리 과정과는 다른 궤도를 따르며, 또한 소수민족 집단이 집중되는 주거 입지도 상이하여 교외 지역에서 복잡한 민족 모자이크가 재현한다는 것이다. 본 논문은 이를 확인하기 위해 뉴욕 시 외곽에 위치한 웨체스터 카운티의 아시아인 소수민족의 거주지 패턴을 조사하였다. 이 지역의 주요 아시아인 민족인 인도인, 중국인, 필리핀인, 일본인, 한국인 등 5개 주요 집단의 거주지 패턴을 2000년과 2010년 센서스 인구 자료에 기초한 지도화와 병행하여 격리 지수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 이 지역 아시아인 민족 집단의 거주지 분리 현상은 분산된 집중화로 특징을 지울 수 있었다. 또한 각 민족 집단의 인구가 집중하는 근린 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 발견하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Various probabilistic methods have been proposed for using interpopulation allele frequency differences to infer the ethnic group of a DNA specimen. The selection of the statistical method is critical because the accuracy of the statistical classification results vary. For the ancestry classification, we proposed a new ancestry evaluation method that estimate the combined ethnicity index as well as compared its performance with various classical classification methods using two real data sets. We selected 13 SNPs that are useful for the inference of ethnic origin. These single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed by restriction fragment mass polymorphism assay and followed by classification among ethnic groups. We genotyped 400 individuals from four ethnic groups (100 African-American, 100 Caucasian, 100 Korean, and 100 Mexican-American) for 13 SNPs and allele frequencies that differed among the four ethnic groups. Additionally, we applied our new method to HapMap SNP genotypes for 1,011 samples from 4 populations (African, European, East Asian, and Central-South Asian). Our proposed method yielded the highest accuracy among statistical classification methods. Our ethnic group classification system based on the analysis of ancestry informative SNP markers can provide a useful statistical tool to identify ethnic groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7377-7381
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• 2014

CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C (rs3813867) genotype distributions vary significantly among different populations and are associated with both diseases, like cancer, and adverse drug effects. To date, there have been limited genotype distributions and allele frequencies of this polymorphism reported in the three major indigenous ethnic groups (KadazanDusun, Bajau, and Rungus) in Sabah, also known as North Borneo. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C in these three major indigenous peoples in Sabah. A total of 640 healthy individuals from the three dominant indigenous groups were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at G-1259C polymorphic site of CYP2E1 gene was performed using the Pst I restriction enzyme. Fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by direct sequencing. Overall, the allele frequencies were 90.3% for c1 allele and 9.7% for c2 allele. The genotype frequencies for c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 were observed as 80.9%, 18.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. A highly statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the genotype distributions between indigenous groups in Sabah with all Asian and non-Asian populations. However, among these three indigenous groups, there was no statistical significant difference (p>0.001) in their genotype distributions. The three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah show unique genotype distributions when compared with other populations. This finding indicates the importance of establishing the genotype distributions of CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism in the indigenous populations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6263-6267
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• 2012

Background: Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II xenobiotic compound metabolizing enzyme family, involved in tolerance to a particular drug or susceptibility to a diseasec. This study focused the GSTM1 and T1 null allele frequency in the Gujarat population with a comparison across other Inter- and Intra-Indian ethnic groups to predict variation in the possible susceptible status. Methods: DNA was isolated by a salting out method and GSTM1 and T1 homozygous null genotypes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 504 unrelated individuals. The genotype distribution of null alleles was compared with Indian and non Indian ethnics reported earlier in the literature using Fisher's test. Results: The frequencies of the homozygous null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 20% (95%CI 16.7-23.9) and 35.5% (95%CI 31.4-39.9) respectively. GSTM1 null frequency did not deviate from most other Indian ethnic groups but differed from the majority of those of non Indian ethnicity studied. The frequency of homozygous null type of GSTT1 was significantly higher and deviated from all Indian groups and a few of non Indian ethnicity. Conclusions: Gujarat ethnicity, possibly the most susceptible for GSTT1 dependent drug disposition and diseases regarding effects of pollution. Further, the results have implications for GSTT1 dependent drugs used for treatment, a serious problem which needs to be solved by physicians and clinical researchers.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.773-796
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• 2010

This essay examines, first, the possibility and limitation of Asian America as a category of identity and its political and cultural implications through various theoretical perspectives. Here, by closely reading David Mura's poem "The Colors of Desire," I will argue that "Asian America" as a category of identity is now on the verge of falling apart and its politics of identity is no longer an effective way of fighting back against racism in the US. It is because Asian America is indeed what might be called a historical block, a product of ad-hoc coalition between different ethnic groups historically situated and constructed. In this sense, it is a kind of phantasmal object that is marked by practical absence. This fabricatedness inherent in Asian America as an identity category signifies that it has no essence that is meant to define the group in a transcendental way. The internal totality and coherence of that identity can thus be achieved only by suppressing differences between various ethnic groups and positing a single 'authentic' Asian American identity and culture. More dangerously, according to Viet Nguyen, such idealization of a single subject position can reinforces ideological rigidity that might threaten the ability of Asian America to represent itself in a unified fashion. Then, he predicts, Asian America will lose its cohesive force and fall apart. Eventually, every group within Asian America will be ethnicized. The only way of escaping from this bleak situation, as Vincent Cheng argues, is to foregroud the fabricatedness and ad-hocness of Asian America and to perform "inauthenticity," because Asian America is nothing but a functional category that is marked by absence of essence or authenticity. If Asian Americans admit that they have no essence and that they are essentially inauthentic, the practice of performing inauthenticity can become what we might call an alternative Asian American culture and identity.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2006

Asian Americans is a minority population contributing approximately 4% to the total population of the United States, however it is one of the fastest growing populations. Although Asian Americans as a group have socioeconomic profiles that are similar to white Americans, significant variations exists within and across Asian ethnic groups. The top ten leading causes of death for Asian Americans includes cancer, heart diseases, stroke, unintentional injuries, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, chronic lower respiratory disease, suicide, nephritis, and septicemia. The prevalence of obesity is lower among Asian Americans, however this should be taken with considerations specific to Asians. High salt and low calcium consumption seem to be dietary risk factors for Asian Americans, although dietary patterns are changing with acculturation. Factors affecting dietary patterns are discussed in this paper. A proactive nutrition education approach for Asian Americans should be promoting maintaining 'healthy' aspects of ethnic diets and adopting 'healthy' American diets. Collaboration with nutrition educators in Asian countries would be helpful to overcome limited resources available for researching and developing nutrition education messages and materials for Asian Americans. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 90-95, 2006)

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2011

In planning a model-based phylogenic study for highly related ethnic data, the SNP marker number is an important factor to determine for relationship inferences. Genotype frequency data, utilizing a sub sampling method, from 63 Pan Asian ethnic groups was used for determining the minimum SNP number required to establish such relationships. Bootstrap random sub-samplings were done from 5.6K PASNPi SNP data. DA distance was calculated and neighbour-joining trees were drawn with every re-sampling data set. Consensus trees were made with the same 100 sub-samples and bootstrap proportions were calculated. The tree consistency to the one obtained from the whole marker set, improved with increasing marker numbers. The bootstrap proportions became reliable when more than 7,000 SNPs were used at a time. Within highly related ethnic groups, the minimum SNPs number for a robust neighbor-joining tree inference was about 7,000 for a 95% bootstrap support.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7091-7094
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• 2013

DNA repair capacity is crucial in maintaining cellular functions and homeostasis. However, it can be altered based on DNA sequence variations in DNA repair genes and this may lead to the development of many diseases including malignancies. Identification of genetic polymorphisms responsible for reduced DNA repair capacity is necessary for better prevention. Homologous recombination (HR), a major double strand break repair pathway, plays a critical role in maintaining the genome stability. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of the HR gene XRCC3 Exon 7 (C18067T, rs861539) polymorphisms in Saudi Arabian population in comparison with epidemiological studies by "MEDLINE" search to equate with global populations. The variant allelic (T) frequency of XRCC3 (C>T) was found to be 39%. Our results suggest that frequency of XRCC3 (C>T) DNA repair gene exhibits distinctive patterns compared with the Saudi Arabian population and this might be attributed to ethnic variation. The present findings may help in high-risk screening of humans exposed to environmental carcinogens and cancer predisposition in different ethnic groups.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.893-898
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• 2008

The of this study was to the abilities of Northeast Asians to discriminate sweetness on foods and their preference sweetness. Panels of Korean, Japanese and Chinese three sample -sucrose solutions, bulgogi, julienned radish salad- in which the sucrose levels had been manipulated to produce five samples of each. The sucrose solutions were prepared 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% sucrose to the water. Bulgogi and julienned radish salad 3%, 9%, 15%, 21%, 27% sucrose to the recipe. As, the three ethnic groups significant differences in test of sweetness in sucrose solutions(79%). Korean(a=1.164) to be the most sweetness, compared to Japanese(a=1.063) and Chinese(a=0.999). All ethnic groups preferred $3{\sim}7%$ solution, and Korean than Japanese and Chinese. Ethnic groups significant differences in sweetness of the julienned radish salad 21% sucrose. Korean(a=1.054) appeared to be the most able to detect the sweetness, compared to their Japanese(a=0.785) and Chinese(a=0.642). Both Korean and Japanese the strongest preference for the 15% julienned radish salad, the Chinese preferred the 21%. The abilities of ethnic groups to detect the sweetness in bulgogi significant differences high concentration(more than 27%), and the result of regression analysis on the awareness of sweet taste order Korean(a=0.918), Japanese(a=0.832), Chinese(a=0.690). All groups preferred the $9{\sim}21%$ bulgogi the most, Japanese showed higher preference 15% bulgogi than did Korean and Chinese.