• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.651-666
• /
• 2013

This study introduces a novel approach to the differentiation of two phenomena, Asian Dust and haze, which are extremely difficult to distinguish based solely on comparisons of PM10 concentration, through use of the Optical Particle Counter (OPC), which simultaneously generates PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration. In the case of Asian Dust, PM10 concentration rose to the exclusion of PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration. The relative ratios of PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration versus PM10 concentration were below 40%, which is consistent with the conclusion that Asian Dust, as a prime example of the coarse-particle phenomenon, only impacts PM10 concentration, not PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration. In contrast, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration simultaneously increased with haze. The relative ratios of PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration versus PM10 concentration were generally above 70%. In this case, PM1.0 concentration varies because a haze event consists of secondary aerosol in the fine-mode, and the relative ratios of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration remain intact as these values already subsume PM1.0 concentration. The sequential shift of the peaks in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations also serve to individually track the transport of coarse-mode versus fine-mode aerosols. The distinction in the relative ratios of PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentration versus PM10 concentration in an Asian Dust versus a haze event, when collected on a national or global scale using OPC monitoring networks, provides realistic information on outbreaks and transport of Asian Dust and haze.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.187-187
• /
• 2003

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2011

산불발생 위험성이 높은 봄철(2~5월)을 대상으로 2000년부터 2008년까지의 한반도 황사 관측 유무에 따른 산불발생과의 상관관계를 알아보고 황사로 인한 산불발생 패턴을 파악하기 위하여 9개의 황사 영향권역을 설정한 후 황사가 관측된 날과 황사가 관측되지 않았던 전 후 3일에 대한 지역별 자료를 ArcGIS 9.2에서 1km${\times}$1km 공간 해상도로 거리역산가중(IDW) 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 산불발화지 인근 기상관측소의 기온, 상대습도, 풍속 자료는 황사가 있던 날과 없던 전 후 3일에 대한 산불발생패턴을 파악하고 황사와 산불발생위험의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 2000~2008년 황사 관측은 3월에 36회, 4월에 30회 순으로 발생하였고, 권역별로는 황사빈도가 경기와 충북 권역에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 황사관측 유무에 따른 지역별 산불발생빈도는 황사 3일 전이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 경기와 강원 영서 권역이 경계한 인접지역과 충청 및 경북 내륙에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 반대로 경남 권역은 2건 이하로 가장 낮은 산불발생빈도를 보였다. 황사관측 유무에 따른 산불발생과 위험지수의 상관관계는 황사 전 후 3일에만 상관계수($R^2$)가 0.50038과 0.53978로 1% 유의수준에서 상관하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 황사가 관측된 날에는 서로 상관하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 산불발생빈도와 기상과의 관계를 분석한 결과는 황사관측 유무 모두에서 풍속이 산불발생과 1% 유의수준에 -0.58623 ~ -0.61245로 상관이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상대습도는 황사관측 일과 3일 후에 -0.2568, -0.35309(p${\leq}$0.01)로 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 황사3일 전은 -0.23701(p${\leq}$0.05)의 상관을 보였다. 그러나 평균기온은 황사관측 유무에 따라 산불발생이 전혀 상관하지 않았다. 따라서 우리나라 산불의 대부분은 인위적으로 발생하기 때문에 지역별로 황사 관측 유무에 따라 야외활동의 증감이 산불발생에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 기상 요소 중에서 평균풍속은 황사 관측과 무관하게 산불발생에 가장 큰 영향을 주었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.255-271
• /
• 2011

ACE-Asia (Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment) in spring 2001 was a turning point to trigger international research interest on Asian dust (AD). This basically arose from the lack of research on AD, the important natural phenomenon to characterize the Northeast Asia. In contrast, health risk related to AD has been the primary concern in Korea. Although due in part to severe AD events of 2001~2002, research and mitigation measures on AD in Korea are typically based on the assumption that AD events are increasing in frequency and severity. However, contrary to the trend in Korea, the number of AD days and emission amounts of AD in China have decreased since 1980s. This paper reviews the impacts of AD on ambient air quality and variations in toxic substances during the AD event, reflecting the concern in Korea. While a great amount of dust particles flow into Korea during the AD event, a considerable amount of dust particles are locally generated as well. Since dust particles are mixed with toxic substances as they pass over polluted areas, the levels of toxic substances become lower in dust particles that do not pass over polluted areas. Broadening the research scope on AD is warranted to understand the AD as an important natural phenomenon, irrespective of its associated health risk.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.154-161
• /
• 2014

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemical characteristics of Asian dust (hereafter called "AD") particles with the aid of the most advanced micro-PIXE (Particle-induced X-ray emission) analytical technique. To this end, size-selected particles were sampled on a rural peninsula of Korea (Byunsan, 35.37N; 126.27E) during AD and non-AD periods in 2004. The coarse particle (> $2{\mu}m$) number density during an AD event were 170 times higher than those of the non-AD counterpart. The average net-count of silica in individual particles collected on AD event was roughly 11 times higher than that of non-AD counterpart. The X-ray net-counts of trace elements (Zn, Co, Mn, and V) were also considerably high in AD relative to the non-AD day. Particle classification based on the inter ratio analysis of elemental net-count suggests that a large portion of the coarse particles collected during AD event underwent chemical transformation to a certain degree. The visual interpretation of micro-PIXE elemental maps and elemental localization data in and/or on individual AD particles clarified the internal mixture of AD particles with sea-salt and artificial metallic particles.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.434-448
• /
• 2014

The aerosol characteristics between haze episode and Asian dust event were identified in January and March, 2013 in Gwang-ju of Korea to investigate the metal elements, ionic concentrations and carbonaceous particles of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$. In the haze episode, the concentrations were increased 1~3.2 times of ionic species and 1.6~2.7 of metal elements. Especially, the concentration of $NO{_3}{^-}$, $SO{_4}{^2-}$ and $NH{_4}{^+}$ consists of 50 percent in ionic species during haze episode that was higher than Asian dust event. This suggests that secondary aerosols from anthropogenic air pollution were mainly contributed by haze episode. During the Asian dust event, increase of metal concentrations was higher than haze episode because of remarkable increase of Ti, K and Fe originated from soil. The concentrations of carbonaceous particles were increased 2.5 times during haze episode, and 2.4 times of OC and 2.1 times of EC during Asian dust event in $PM_{2.5}$. However, these aerosol mass concentration does not affect the OC/EC ratio. The average equivalence ratios of cations/anions in $PM_{2.5}$ were 0.99 in haze episodes and 0.94 during non-event day. The neutralization factor of $NH_3$ was higher than that of $CaCO_3$. Futhermore, $NH{_4}{^+}$ aerosol was aged due to atmospheric stagnation that might be affected by the haze episode.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2023

Radioactivity concentrations for natural radionuclides were determined from fine dust samples collected in Jeju, Korea according to atmospheric events (Asian dust, haze, fog-mist, and non-event), and radium equivalent activity was calculated. The mean atmospheric radioactivity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in 127 fine dust samples were 0.49, 0.24, and 7.23 µBq m^-3, respectively, and the radium equivalent activity was 33.25 Bq kg^-1. The mean concentrations of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th in the fine dust during the Asian dust period were 1.31 and 1.60 µBq m^-3, respectively, above the global average, while the values for the other three atmospheric events were lower. The ratio of ²³²Th/²³⁸U radioactivity during the Asian dust period was 1.22, higher than the ratio for the other three atmospheric events.

• 대기
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.273-286
• /
• 2010

The northeast part of China(hereafter Manchuria) is one of Asian dust source regions along with Gobi, Inner Mongolia and Loess Plateau. In this study, a geographical survey over the area was carried out to determine its soil characteristics in June 2009. It revealed that some parts of the area, especially near Keerchin desert, consist of alkali clay soil mixed up with sand. Manchuria, where is a vast cornfield, can be a potential source region of Asian dust from fall to following spring after harvesting. The frequency of Asian dust over the region from 1996 to 2009 was examined using 3-hourly GTS SYNOP data and it showed that the occurrence of Asian dust over the region is high in the springtime. It was also revealed that snow cover is the key parameter affecting on the frequency through the analysis of NCEP reanalysis data. To scrutinize the path and structure of Asian dust from Manchuria, the event on 3~4 April 2008 and 25 January 2010 were intensively investigated with regard to features of synoptic weather patterns, satellite imagery, airstream, naked eye-observations, concentrations of PM10, 2.5 and 1.0. For this case, the Asian dust from the area reached to Korea less than a day. However, the duration time of the dust in Korea was short (< 7 hours). The average of hourly PM10 reached up to $340{\mu}g/m^{3}$ at Baengnyeondo during the period. The high PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations were also observed at several sites in Korea, indicating that air pollutants could be transported along with the dust.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.199-210
• /
• 2013

Detailed 3 dimensional structure of Asian dust plume has been analyzed from the retrieved aerosol data from two different satellites which are the Korea's $1^{st}$ geostationary satellite, namely the Communication, Ocean, Meteorological Satellite (COMS) spacecraft launched in 2010, and the NASA's Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). COMS spacecraft provides the first time resolved aerial aerosol maps by the systematically well-calibrated multispectral measurements from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) instrument. GOCI data are used here to evaluate intensity, spatial distribution, and long-range transport of Asian dust plume during 1~2 May 2011. We found that the strong Asian dust plume showing AOT of 2~5 was lofted to the altitude around 2~4 km above the Earth's surface and transported over Yellow Sea with a speed of about 25 km/hr. The CALIPSO extinction coefficient and particulate depolarization ratio (PDR) profiles confirmed that nonspherical dust particles were enriched in the dust plume. This study is a first example of quantitative integration of GOCI and CALIOP measurements for clarifying the overall structure of an Asian dust event.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2010

최근 황사에 의한 피해가 증가하고 있는데, 정지궤도 위성에 탑재된 적외 채널은 주야간의 연속적인 관측을 가능하게 하여 황사 예보와 이로 인해 발생할 수 있는 피해를 미리 예방하는데 큰 도움을 준다. 그러나 적외 채널을 이용한 황사 측정 방법에는 많은 문제점들이 있다는 것이 알려져 있다. 이런 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 적외 채널의 배경경계값과 황사지수 개념을 도입하여 이를 정지궤도 위성에 적용한다면 황사 측정 결과를 크게 개선할 수 있음을 밝혀냈다. 본 연구는 이러한 개념을 정지궤도 위성인 MTSAT-1R에 적용하여 개선된 황사 측정 방법에 대해 연구하였다.