• Mycobiology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2021

Three isolates belonging to the ascomycetous genus Zygotorulaspora were obtained from the fruits of Cornus officinalis and Smilax china, and flowers of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum in Gongju-si, Korea. Phylogenetic Analyses of the LSU D1/D2 domain and ITS region sequences supported the recognition of two new species: Zygotorulaspora cornina sp. nov. (type strain NIBRFGC000500475 = KACC93346P^PP) and Zygotorulaspora smilacis sp. nov. (type strain NIBRFGC000500476 = KACC93347P^PP). The two novel species revealed no growth on D-Galactose, unlike the other six species in the genus Zygotorulaspora. They are distinguished from each other by their phylogenetic differences and phenotypic characteristics such as assimilation of xylitol, 5-keto-D-gluconate, and ethanol. All species in the genus Zygotorulaspora including the two novel species have phenotypic traits of genus Zygotorulaspora: asci are persistent, sucrose and raffinose are assimilated, and m-inositol is not required for growth, and they are mainly associated with plants.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.674-679
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• 2006

Biodiversity of yeasts was investigated in the ginseng cultivation field. Among 34 isolates tested in this study, 26 isolates belonged to the hymenomycetous yeast group. These 26 strains were classified into 12 species including four new-species candidates that did not have clear affiliation to any established species. Seven isolates among the remaining strains were classified into three ascomycetous yeast species, and one isolate was identified as a urediniomycetous yeast species.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2023

A yeast strain, designated as JAF-11^T, was isolated from flower of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. in Gwangyang, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain JAF-11^T was closely related to Neodothiora populina CPC 39399^T with 2.07 % sequence divergence (12 nucleotide substitutions and three gaps in 581 nucleotides) in the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and Rhizosphaera macrospora CBS 208.79^T with 4.66 % sequence divergence (25 nucleotide substitutions and five gaps in 535 nucleotides) in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Further analysis based on the concatenated sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and the ITS region confirmed that strain JAF-11^T was well-separated from Neodothiora populina CPC 39399^T. In addition to the phylogenetic differences, strain JAF-11^T was distinguished from its closest species, Neodothiora populina CPC 39399^T and Rhizosphaera macrospora CBS 208.79^T belonging to the family Dothioraceae by its phenotypic characteristics, such as assimilation of carbon sources. Hence, the name Neodothiora pruni sp. nov. is proposed with type strain JAF-11^T (KACC 48808^T; MB 850034).

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2023

The study was undertaken to isolate and characterize wild yeast strains from soil samples collected in Seoul, Korea. Among the 19 yeast strains obtained, 17 were previously recorded species. The remaining two strains, Wickerhamomyces sp. GW1-4 and Archaeorhizomyces sp. YB4-103 were new species candidates. The genomic and microbiological characteristics of GW1-4 and YB4-103 were investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 26S rRNA gene sequences and internal transcribed sequences, GW1-4 and YB4-103, represent a distinct lineage within the family Phaffomycetaceae and Archaeorhizomycetaceae, respectively. The GW1-4 and YB4-103 strains had the highest sequence homology with Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus NBRC 111553^T (88.97%) and Archaeorhizomyces finlayi CBS 128710^T (87.55%), respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2002

Biodiversity af yeasts in various natural environments including soils, swamps and plants was investigated. By molecular identification methods based on the partial sequences of 265 rDNA, 69 isolates were assigned to 44 taxa including 27 known species. The remaining 17 taxa could potentially form new species. All of them were classified into Ascomycota, Hymenomycetes, Urediniomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. Ascomycetous and ustilaginomycetous yeasts were generally isolated from flower samples, and hymenomycetous and urediniomycetous yeasts were generally isolated from soil samples. Distribution of yeast groups exhibited geographical variation. Yeast biodiversity of root sail also varied according to the associated plant species.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.501-511
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• 2020

Xylophagous termites are capable of degrading lignocellulose by symbiotic gut microorganisms along with the host's indigenous enzymes. Therefore, the termite gut might be a potential niche to obtain natural yeasts with celluloytic, xylanolytic and ethanologenic traits required for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we cultured 79 yeasts from three different termites viz. Coptotermes heimi, Odontotermes javanicus and Odontotermes obesus. After suitable screening methods, we identified 53 yeasts, which belonged to 10 genera and 16 different species of both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts. Most yeasts in the present study represent their first-ever isolation from the termite gut. Representative strains of identified yeasts were evaluated for their cellulolytic, xylanolytic, and ethanologenic abilities. None of the isolates showed cellulase activity; 22 showed xylanolytic activity, while six produced substantial quantities of ethanol. Among xylanolytic cultures, Pseudozyma hubeiensis STAG 1.7 and Hannaella pagnoccae STAG 1.14 produced 1.31 and 1.17 IU of xylanase. Among ethanologenic yeasts, the strains belonging to genera Candida and Kodamaea produced high amount of ethanol. Overall, highest ethanol level of 4.42 g/L was produced by Candida tropicalis TS32 using 1% glucose, which increased up to 22.92 g/L at 35 ℃, pH 4.5 with 5% glucose. Fermentation of rice straw hydrolysate gave 8.95 g/l of ethanol with a yield of 0.42 g/g using the strain TS32. Our study highlights the gut of wood-feeding termites as a potential source of diverse yeasts that would be useful in the production of xylanase and bioethanol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.905-912
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• 2013

A novel species, Metschnikowia cibodasensis, is proposed to accommodate eight strains (ID03-$0093^T$, ID03-0094, ID03-0095, ID03-0096, ID03-0097, ID03-0098, ID03-0099, and ID03-0109) isolated from flowers of Saurauia pendula, Berberis nepalensis, and Brunfelsia americana in Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia. The type strain of M. cibodasensis is ID03-$0093^T$ (= NBRC $101693^T$ =UICC $Y-335^T$ = BTCC-$Y25^T$). The common features of M. cibodasensis are a spherical to ellipsoidopedunculate shaped ascus, which contains one or two needle-shaped ascospores, and lyse at maturity. Asci generally develop directly from vegetative cells but sometimes from chlamydospores. The neighbor-joining tree based on the D1/D2 domain of nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal DNA sequences strongly supports that M. cibodasensis (eight strains) and its closest teleomorphic species, M. reukaufii, are different species by a 100% bootstrap value. The type strain of M. cibodasensis, ID03-$0093^T$, differed from M. reukaufii NBRC $1679^T$ by six nt (five substitutions and one deletion) in their D1/D2 region of nLSU rDNA, and by 18 nt (five deletions, four insertions, and nine substitutions) in their internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA, respectively. Four strains representative of M. cibodasensis (ID03-$0093^T$, ID03-0095, ID03-0096, and ID03-0099) showed a mol% G+C content of $44.05{\pm}0.25%$, whereas that of M. reukaufii NBRC $1679^T$ was 41.3%. The low value of DNA-DNA homology (5-16%) in four strains of M. cibodasensis and M. reukaufii NBRC $1679^T$ strongly supported that these strains represent a distinct species.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제14권
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• pp.225-250
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• 1981

경남지방(慶南地方)의 지류(紙類) 및 섬유질유물(纖維質遺物) 보관고내(保管庫內) 공중균(空中菌)의 분포(分布) 조사(調査)를 위하여 중요민속자료(重要民俗資料) 37호(號) 이휴정소장출토복식(二休亭所藏出土服飾) 등(等) 4개소(個所)를 대상으로 하였다. 분리배지(分離培地)는 malt extract agar이었으며 잡균(雜菌)의 증식(增殖)을 방지(防止)하기 위(爲)하여 chloram phenicol을 첨가하여 사용하였다. 4개소 유물보관고(遺物保管庫)에서 분리(分離) 동정(同定)된 공중(空中) 사상균(絲狀菌)은 Cladosprium cladosprioides, Alternaria chlamydo-spora, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. versicolor, Eurotium chevalieri penicillum charlesii Var. rapidum, P. oxalicum, P. viridcatum, Trichoderma viride, Acremonium sp, Mucor sp, yeast 등(等) 8속(屬) 9종(種) 이었으며 또한 4개소(個所)의 유물보관고내(遺物保管庫內)에 분포(分布)된 사상균(絲狀菌) 포자(包子)는 Cladosporium cladosporioides가 제일 많았고 그 다음이 Acremonium sp, penicillium, Aspergillus Trichoderma, Aeternaria, Eurotium의 순서이었다. 또한 지류(紙類) 및 섬유질문화재(纖維質文化財)로부터 사상균(絲狀菌)을 직접 채취(直接 採取)하여 분리(分離) 동정(同定)한 결과(結果) 8속(屬) 14(種)이 검출되었다. 이중에서 가장 많이 분리(分離)된 종(種)은 Clodosporium cladosporioides이었고 그 외에 Acremonium, Penicillium, Asper gillus, Trichoderma 등도 분리(分離) 동정(同定) 되었다. 이중에서 특히 아직 우리 나라에서 미기록종(未記錄種)은 Chacetomium globosum, Mucor racemosus, Pspinalosum, Torulaellisii 등(等) 4종(種)이 발견(發見)되었음을 확인(確認)하였다. 끝으로 화학약제(化學藥劑)에 대(對)한 방균(防菌) 효과(效果) 실험(實驗)은 Aspergillus penicillium, cladosporium Trichoderma 등(等) 8종(種)을 대상으로 하였으며 약품(藥品)은 Benzoic acid, Sorbic acide, Dehydroacetic acid, Thymol 등(等) 4가지 화학약품(化學藥品)을 사용(使用)하여 방균효과(防菌效果)를 조사(調査) 하였다. 동실험결과(同實驗結果) Thymol은 0.5%이상(以上)에서 모든 균(菌)의 생장(生長)을 저지하였으며 기타 3가지의 화학약제(化學藥劑)는 각각(各各)의 농도(濃度)에 따라 억제상황(狀況)이 상이(相異)하게 나타났음을 보고(報告) 드린다.