• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.299-301
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• 2009

Powdery mildew symptoms were frequently on plants of goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus) found cultivated in the island Ulleungdo in June 2008. The symptoms appeared as powdery mycelial colonies and dark brown cleistothecia on leaves, petioles, stems and budding flowers of the plant. Incidence of the disease was as high as 50-80% in the goat's-beard fields. Specimens of the diseased plants were collected and examined for morphological characteristics of the causal fungus. On the basis of morphological characteristics of the conidial stage and the teleomorph, the fungus was identified as Podosphaera ferruginea. This is the first report of goat's-beard powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera ferruginea in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.357-360
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• 2022

In July 2021, we surveyed diseases affecting wild vegetables grown in Hongcheon, Gangwon Province, Korea. During this survey, we observed severe seedling rot symptoms in Kamchatka goatsbeard (Aruncus dioicus) grown in a vinyl greenhouse. The incidence of the disease in the plant seedlings was 1-10%. Diseased seedlings from this population were collected, and fungi were isolated from leaf and petiole lesions. Rhizoctonia sp. was consistently isolated from the lesions. We examined the morphological and cultural characteristics and anastomosis groups of nine Rhizoctonia sp. isolates obtained from the lesions. The results revealed that all isolates corresponded to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IB). Three isolates of R. solani AG-1( IB) were evaluated to determine their pathogenicity towards Kamchatka goatsbeard seedlings through artificial inoculation. The tested isolates caused rot symptoms on the inoculated plant seedlings. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plant seedlings from the vinyl greenhouse. We found that R. solani AG-1(IB) caused seedling rot of Kamchatka goatsbeard.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2014

Six compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the aerial parts of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus including: sambunigrin (1), prunasin (2), aruncide A (3), aruncide C (4), 1-O-caffeoyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose (5), and caffeic acid (6). Their structures were confirmed by comparing the spectral data with those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds (1 - 6) were then examined for their cytotoxic effects towards MCF-7, HL-60, and HeLa cancer cell lines, as well as their DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results indicated that compound 4 possessed the strongest inhibitory effect toward HeLa cell line with $IC_{50}$ value of $5.38{\pm}0.92{\mu}M$. Compound 3 possessed selective cytotoxic activity on HL-60 cells with $IC_{50}$ value of $6.27{\pm}0.17{\mu}M$, compound 5 was found as the best in inhibiting proliferation with $IC_{50}$ value of $2.25{\pm}0.09{\mu}M$, and the other compounds showed significant inhibition with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 6.10 to $11.27{\mu}M$. Compound 5 also displayed the strongest cytotoxic effect toward MCF-7 cell line ($IC_{50}$ $4.32{\pm}0.15{\mu}M$). Both 5 and 6 demonstrated strong radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ $6.87{\pm}0.03$ and $4.33{\pm}0.22{\mu}M$, respectively). Compounds 1 and 5 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

The extracts of Aruncus dioicus were investigated for anti-oxidant and biological activities in order to verify its potential as functional ingredients of cosmetic products. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of A. dioicus showed excellent scavenging activity using DPPH and ABTS anti-oxidant analysis at the $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. While tyrosinase inhibitory effect was measure for whitening assay and showed 59.2%, the suppression levels of elastase and collagenase were 56% and 90% respectively for anti-wrinkle activity. Therefore, it is plausible to conclude that A. dioicus extract, especially EtOAc fraction which has outstanding whitening, anti-oxidant, and anti-wrinkle activities, could be used as a new functional materials for cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.370-378
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• 2015

Background : Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, functional wild vegetable, is perennial herb and young leaves with soft texture are generally used as edible food. So the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. This study was carried out to determine the effects of temperature and shading on germination characteristics of A. dioicus. Methods and Results : The experiment was performed by temperature and shading treatments. Seed pre-treatment before the germination experiment was carried out by the storage in low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) under wet condition (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and shading treatment were 35%, 50%, and 75% under control, BA (6-benzyladenine) and $GA_3$ (gibberellic acid) condition for 24 hours. Increasing the length of the storage periods led to increases seed germination percent in low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) under wet condition (LTW), germination rate of A. dioicus seed was the highest at $15^{\circ}C$ with 60 days of seed pre-treatment. In the case of seeds pre-treatment with LTW, the more temperature went up, the more days to 50% of Germination of Final Germination Rate ($T_{50}$) went down. As a result of surveying shading treatment, germination rate was the highest in control of 35% shading and the next higher was in control of 50% shading. Conclusions : It is concluded that the temperature and shading are important factors to produce A. dioicus. Also, We suggest these results as basic data of A. dioicus for sexual propagation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2011

Ischemic stroke constitutes about 80% of all stroke incidences. It is characterized by brain cell death in a region where cerebral arteries supplying blood are occluded. Under these ischemic conditions, apoptosis is responsible for the cell death, at least in part. Goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus) is a perennial plant that grows naturally in the alpine regions of Korea. In the present study, we first determined whether water extract of goat's-beard (HY1646) and some of its fractions prepared by partitioning with organic solvents could improve the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cultured under hypoxic condition by blocking apoptotic pathways. Based on the in vitro findings, we subsequently investigated whether HY1646 and the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) selected from cell culture-based screening could attenuate brain injury in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia (2 hr), followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. The cell number was sustained close to that initially plated in the presence of HY1646 even after 24 hr of cell culture under hypoxic condition (3% $O_2$), at which time the cell number reached almost zero in the absence of HY1646. This improvement in cell viability was attributed to the delay in apoptosis, identified by the formation of DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis. Of fractions soluble in hexane, ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol, EA was chosen for the animal experiments because EA demonstrated the best cell viability at the lowest concentration (10 ${\mu}g$/mL). HY1646 (200 mg/kg) and EA (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size, an index of brain injury, by 16.6, 40.0 and 61.0%, respectively, as assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The findings suggest that prophylactic intake of goat's beard might be beneficial for preventing ischemic stroke.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Interruption or prolonged reduction and subsequent restoration of blood flow into the kidney triggers the generation of a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to injury in the tubular epithelial cells. In this study, we determined whether methanol extract of goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) (extract) could prevent this ischemia/reperfusion injury. When in vitro radical scavenging activity of the extract was measured using a DPPH radical quenching assay, the extract displayed slightly lower activity than ascorbic acid. One hour after administration of the extract (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in rats, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was generated by clamping the left renal artery for forty minutes, followed by 24 hr restoration of blood circulation. Prior to clamping the left renal artery, the right renal artery was removed. Compared with the vehicle-treated group, pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced the tubular epithelial cell injury by 37% in the outer medulla region, and consequently reduced serum creatinine concentration by 39%. Reduction in the cell injury was mediated by attenuation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, inhibition of caspase-3 activation from procaspase-3, and subsequent reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. Thus, goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) might be developed as a prophylactic agent to prevent acute kidney injury.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2020

눈개승마 (Aruncus dioicus)는 장미과(Rosaceae) 눈개승마속(Aruncus)에 속하는 다년생 초본식물로 울릉도에서 자생하는 잎줄기 채소이다. 독특한 향기가 특징이며, 인삼맛, 두릅맛, 고기맛이 나는 산채로 세가지 맛이 난다고 하여 예로부터 삼나물로도 불러왔다. 눈개승마에는 caffeic acid, 1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose 등의 항산화 성분이 다량 함유되어 있으며, 전초는 해독, 편도선염에 효과가 있어 약용으로 쓰이고 어린순은 탄수화물과 무기물 함량이 풍부하다. 비지는 대두를 이용하여 두부를 제조하는 과정에서 발생되는 것으로서 대두로부터 수용성 단백질이 추출되었지만 나머지 약 23%의 단백질, 57%의 식이섬유와 이소플라본 등의 유용한 성분을 다량 포함하고 있다. 또한 비지의 단백질은 다른 식품에는 부족한 황 함유 아미노산과 리신의 함량이 비교적 많고, 두부에 거의 없는 식이섬유가 다량 함유된 고 식이섬유 소재이다. 그리하여, 이러한 콩비지를 고부가가치 식품 소재로 활용하기 위해 건조 미세분말 비지를 제조하고, 이를 산채와의 혼합 가공을 통한 기능증진 효과를 연구하였다. 일반적으로 산채는 쓴맛 제거와 보관성 증진을 위해 데침공정을 주로 하나 산채를 물에 데칠 경우 산채의 유용성분이 대부분 손실된다. 눈개승마의 경우 유용성분이 17.25%, 그 중 폴리페놀 성분이 약 90% 손실된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 데침공정 대신 찜공정을 이용하여 산채의 유용성분을 보존하고 콩비지를 첨가하여 산채 유용성분의 생이용성 증진 효과를 연구하였다. 눈개승마를 콩비지와 혼합하여 고온고압 가공함으로써 산채의 쓴맛을 줄이고 보관성을 높이는 동시에 눈개승마 폴리페놀의 단량체화를 통해 눈개승마 단독가공에 비하여, 단량체 비율이 약 100~200배 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 콩비지의 고부가가치 소재로의 가능성을 확인하였을 뿐만 아니라 산채의 다이어트·건강기능식품 소재로의 산업화에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.668-675
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• 2017

To assess the physiological effects of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus extract on cytoxicity of a neuronal cell line, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotection against intensive glucose-induced oxidative stress were quantitated. Compared to the other fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (EFAD) showed the highest total phenolics and flavonoids. The 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay and malondialdehyde inhibitory effect test confirmed the superior antioxidant activity of EFAD. Moreover, EFAD also decreased the intracellular ROS level and suppressed neuronal cell death against intensive glucose- or $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, assessment of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities revealed that EFAD was an effective inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified caffeic acid as the main ingredient of EFAD. Overall, these results suggest that the EFAD is a good natural source of biological compounds that counteract hyperglycemic neuronal defects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

The solvent extracts of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were performed to investigate the antioxidant activities, whitening effect and antimicrobial activity. The content of total polyphenol of fractions from Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara extract showed the highest value ($335.88{\pm}2.26$ mg/g GAE) on ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were 0.06 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL as $IC_{50}$ values on DPPH radical scavenging, and $99.16{\pm}0.09%$ and $89.29{\pm}0.64%$ on ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. Also, reducing power and FRAP value were significantly higher on ethyl acetate fraction. The SOD like activity showed $80.76{\pm}0.61%$ on ethyl acetate and $72.34{\pm}0.79%$ on n-butanol. Tyrosinase inhibition activities (at 5 mg/mL) were $59.08{\pm}0.98%$ on ethyl acetate fraction. The chloroform fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against B. cereus (14 mm), B. subtilis (12.5 mm), S. aureus (10.8 mm), E. coli (20.7 mm) at 0.1 mg/disc and the inhibition zone diameter of ethyl acetate fraction was 17.2 mm against E. coli at 0.5 mg/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of chloroform fraction against B. cereus and E. coli were 50 and $25{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. From these results, it is suggested that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara could be used as functional material for food additive ingredient and chloroform fraction could be suitable for the development of a food preservative.