• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.600-605
• /
• 1998

Present study was investigate to evaluate the aluminum absorption effect on lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus acidophilus ATTC 4356, Lactogacillus bulgaricus ATTC 11842, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 ; LAB) and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 3627 (CP) in artificial intestinal tract. Their growth rate, aluminum accumulation and cellular distribution was studied under anaerobic broth system. All of above microbes were inhibited by adding 10 to 100ppm of aluminum. The degree of aluminum in LAB (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, and Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185) was higher than of CP. The largest amount of aluminum was accumulated in Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842. Aluminum accumulation in LAB was distributed in 49.1% at cell wall, 27.3% at plasma membrane, and 23.6% at cytoplasm, respectively. This study suggests that LAB might help to eliminate the ingested aluminum in intestinal tract.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze the antioxidative effects and antimicrobial activity of Omija. Total phenol contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $53.4{\pm}2.2tannic\;acid\;equivalent/mg$, and $47.9{\pm}2.1tannic\;acid\; equivalent/mg$, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $16.3{\pm}1.1naringin\;equivalent/mg$, and $13.1{\pm}1.4naringin\;equivalent/mg$, respectively. Electron donating ability of ethanol extract ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) of Omija was $5.1{\pm}0.4%$. This result was lower than the antioxidant vitamin (ascorbic acid: $96.4{\pm}0.6%$) and artificial antioxidant BHT ($70.0{\pm}0.5%$). Nitrite-scavenging abilities of Omija were lower than ascorbic acid and BHT. SOD-like activities of Omija extracts, natural antioxidant, and artificial antioxidant at 5 mg/mL were in the other of ascorbic acid ($99.0{\pm}0.5%$) > BHT ($72.6{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($16.3{\pm}0.4%$) > water extract ($14.4{\pm}0.3%$). The order of OH radical scavenging activities of Omija extracts and natural antioxidant at 5 mg/mL was ascorbic acid ($98.9{\pm}0.6%$) > tocopherol ($85.4{\pm}0.6%$) > water extract ($59.1{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($33.1{\pm}0.3%$). The results show that the antimicrobial effects of Omija could not be detected at both concentrations and extraction methods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.67-79
• /
• 2024

Yuzu (Citrus junos) undergoes traditional processing to create preserved yuzu with a sugar content of 50%. This study aimed to produce low-sugar yuzu syrup using artificial or natural sweeteners instead of sugar. Among artificial sweeteners, maltitol showed minimal browning and lack of deposition at high temperatures. The addition of xanthan gum (0.2%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (0.2%) resolved the issue of layer separation and viscosity decrease of yuzu syrup. Alternatively, grain syrup, a natural sweetener, improved viscosity and homogeneity without the additives. Yuzu syrups were developed using yuzu juice and preserved yuzu, with maltitol (20~40%) or grain syrup (50~70%) as the sweetener. Yuzu syrups containing 35% maltitol (M35) or 55% grain syrup (G55) had less than 5% and 10% free sugar, respectively. These syrups exhibited taste patterns similar to commercial yuzu syrup in analysis using an electronic tongue. Furthermore, M35 and G55 contained yuzu flavonoids at concentrations of 19.82 mg/g and 24.09 mg/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging) of M35 and G55 was equivalent to 10.55, 17.59 mg/100 g of Vitamin C and 97.39, 33.92 mg/100 g of Vitamin C, respectively. Consequently, M35 and G55 offer promising alternatives to preserved yuzu, providing low-sugar yuzu syrups enriched with functional ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.466-475
• /
• 2005

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) is highly enriched in membrane of brain and retina, and plays an important role in maintaining an optimal function of the central nervous system. We investigated the effect of n-3 fatty acid deficiency on rat brain, retina and liver fatty acyl composition at two different ages (3 wks and 15 wks) under DHA deficient condition. Rat pups born to dams fed a diet with $3.1\%$ of total fatty acids as $\alpha-linolenic$ acid (LNA) were fed using an artificial rearing system either an n-3 deficient (n-3 Def) or n-3 adequate (n-3 Adq) diet. Both diets contained $17.1\%$ linoleic acid (LA) but the n-3 Adq diet also contained $3.1\%$ LNA. Rats consuming the n-3 Def diet showed a lower brain $(50\%\;in\;13\;wks\;and\;70\%\;in\;15\;wks,\;p<0.05)$ and retinal $(50\%\;in\;13\;wks\;and\;63\%\;in\;15\;wks,\;p<0.05)$ DHA than those on the n-3 Adq diet, which was largely compensated for by an increase in docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6, DPAn-6). In the liver of the n-3 Def group, the percentage of DHA decreased by $97\%$ at 3 wks of age with an apparent increase in DPAn-6 relative to the n-3 Adq group (p<0.05), while there was a $65\%$ lower liver DHA in n-3 Def group at 15 wks of age than the n-3 Adq group (p<0.05). Liver arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA) was increased at 3 wks of age but decreased at 15 wks of age in the n-3 Def group compared with n-3 Adq group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the replacement of DHA by DPAn-6 in brain and retina fatty acid composition may be related to the suboptimal function in spatial learning, memory and visual acuity. This artificial rearing method presents a first generation model for n-3 deficiency that is similar to the case of human nutrition that commonly employed two generation model.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2021

To study for germination rate of apple artificial seeds encapsulated with 2% alginic acids, the rates of germination for artificial seeds of various embryos with partial elimination of cotyledon measured by adding 80 mg/L gibberellic acid or/and nutritional media. The germination rate of artificial seeds produced embryo with 3/4 cotyledon (3/4 CE), embryo with 1/2 cotyledon (1/2 CE), embryo with 1/4 cotyledon (1/4 CE), and embryo without cotyledon (NCE) were gradually decreased with compare to normal embryo, but it's considerably recovered on the alginic acid containing MS solution or/and 80 mg/L GA3. In special, the low frequency (55.81%) of germination for artificial seeds of 1/2 cotyledon embryo with alginic acid was increased by treatment with combination of alginic acid, 3% sucrose, and 80 mg/L gibberellic acid (98.74%). In case of embryo without cotyledon, the low frequency of embryo without cotyledon (24.44%) in alginic acid almost recovered to 82.45% in alginic acid with MS solution and 80 mg/L gibberellic acid. The results shown that the germination of embryo was decreased by the removal of cotyledon, and demonstrated that the low rate of germination could be considerably increased by adding GA3 (80 mg/L) or/and nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.8
• /
• pp.1304-1316
• /
• 2014

The aims of this study were to estimate daily intakes of artificial sweeteners from beverages and liquid teas as well as evaluate their potential health risks in Korean children and adolescents (1 to 19 years old). Dietary intake assessment was conducted using actual levels of aspartame, acesulfame-K, and sucralose in non-alcoholic beverages (651 beverages and 87 liquid teas), and food consumption amounts were drawn from "The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009)". To estimate dietary intake of non-alcoholic beverages, a total of 6,082 children and adolescents (Scenario I) were compared to 1,704 non-alcoholic beverage consumption subjects (Scenario II). The estimated daily intake of artificial sweeteners was calculated based on point estimates and probabilistic estimates. The values of probabilistic artificial sweeteners intakes were presented by a Monte Carlo approach considering probabilistic density functions of variables. The level of safety for artificial sweeteners was evaluated by comparisons with acceptable daily intakes (ADI) of aspartame (0~40 mg/kg bw/day), acesulfame-K (0~15 mg/kg bw/day), and sucralose (0~15 mg/kg bw/day) set by the World Health Organization. For total children and adolescents (Scenario I), mean daily intakes of aspartame, acesulfame-K, and sucralose estimated by probabilistic estimates using Monte Carlo simulation were 0.09, 0.01, and 0.04 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, and 95th percentile daily intakes were 0.30, 0.02, and 0.13 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. For consumers-only (Scenario II), mean daily intakes of aspartame, acesulfame-K, and sucralose estimated by probabilistic estimates using Monte Carlo simulation were 0.52, 0.03, and 0.22 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, and 95th percentile daily intakes were 1.80, 0.12, and 0.75 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. For scenarios I and II, neither aspartame, acesulfame-K, nor sucralose had a mean and 95th percentile intake that exceeded 5.06% of ADI.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.4-7
• /
• 2016

These days, citizens have made change of food life to take Western style food and to suffer from diabetes because of excessive nutrition taking, less exercise, stress and other environmental factors. They may suffer from diabetes because of genetic defect, surgery of pancreas, disinfection and medicine and others. One of ten Koreans may have symptom of diabetes to be popular. The diabetes that is a kind of metabolic disease has high blood sugar at disorder of hyper insulinism and/or defect of insulin action. Long time high blood sugar may produce chronic disease of kidney, eyes, nerve, heart and blood vessel and others. The purpose of health care of diabetes patient was to reach target blood sugar by diet, physical exercise and medicine and to prevent and delay complication. Diabetes patient shall control blood sugar to keep healthy. The blood sugar control requires time and effort, and all of the patients are difficult to make effort and to spend time. You can control blood sugar by the application. The application allows patients to control blood sugar and to save time and efforts and to make small sized input and automation of remaining area. The service was limited to blood sugar graph, and user carries smart phone to conduct test and to have difficulty. Further study needs to solve the problems and to investigate blood sugar testing not carrying smart phone and to make application of easy control of blood sugar.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.4-6
• /
• 2015

These days, citizens have made change of food life to take Western style food and to suffer from diabetes because of excessive nutrition taking, less exercise, stress and other environmental factors. They may suffer from diabetes because of genetic defect, surgery of pancreas, disinfection and medicine and others. One of ten Koreans may have symptom of diabetes to be popular. The diabetes that is a kind of metabolic disease has high blood sugar at disorder of hyper insulinism and/or defect of insulin action. Long time high blood sugar may produce chronic disease of kidney, eyes, nerve, heart and blood vessel and others. The purpose of health care of diabetes patient was to reach target blood sugar by diet, physical exercise and medicine and to prevent and delay complication. Diabetes patient shall control blood sugar to keep healthy. The blood sugar control requires time and effort, and all of the patients are difficult to make effort and to spend time. You can control blood sugar by the application. The application allows patients to control blood sugar and to save time and efforts and to make small sized input and automation of remaining area. The service was limited to blood sugar graph, and user carries smart phone to conduct test and to have difficulty. Further study needs to solve the problems and to investigate blood sugar testing not carrying smart phone and to make application of easy control of blood sugar.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.327-337
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Considering the importance of social determinants of health (SDHs) in promoting the health of residents of informal settlements and their diversity, abundance, and breadth, this study aimed to identify, measure, and rank SDHs for health promotion interventions targeting informal settlement residents in a metropolitan area in Iran. Methods: Using a hybrid method, this study was conducted in 3 phases from 2019 to 2020. SDHs were identified by reviewing studies and using the Delphi method. To examine the SDHs among informal settlement residents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted using researcher-made questionnaires. Multilayer perceptron analysis using an artificial neural network was used to rank the SDHs by priority. Results: Of the 96 determinants identified in the first phase of the study, 43 were examined, and 15 were identified as high-priority SDHs for use in health-promotion interventions for informal settlement residents in the study area. They included individual health literacy, nutrition, occupational factors, housing-related factors, and access to public resources. Conclusions: Since identifying and addressing SDHs could improve health justice and mitigate the poor health status of settlement residents, ranking these determinants by priority using artificial intelligence will enable policymakers to improve the health of settlement residents through interventions targeting the most important SDHs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.877-884
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the optimal composition of sugar and artificial sweeteners in oatmeal cookies. Modified cookies were examined for their quality characteristics and glycemic index in humans. Oatmeal cookies with various amounts of sugar (20, 30, or 40%) were made to the equivalent sweetness of 100% sugar cookies (the control) with sucralose and stevioside. The density and acidity of cookie dough were not significantly different between the different cookie groups. However, baking loss and the spread index were significantly lower in the 100% sugar cookie group compared to cookies supplemented with artificial sweeteners. The color lightness (L value) and redness (a value) were highest in 30% and 100% sugar cookies, respectively. The strength of the cookies was negatively correlated with sugar content. In sensory evaluations, scores for taste, color and texture were higher in 30% and 40% sugar cookies, respectively, but the overall preference was higher in 30% sugar cookies. We therefore tested 30% and 100% sugar cookies for their glycemic index in college students. After overnight-fasted students consumed either 30% or 100% sugar cookies (containing 50 g of carbohydrate in dough weight), blood glucose levels increased 27.8 and 15.7 mg/dL, respectively, at 1 hour from the baseline. However, at 2 hours from the baseline, students who consumed 100% sugar cookies had a remarkably lowered blood glucose levels. Students who consumed 30% sugar cookies did not have as much of a change in blood glucose levels. In conclusion, 30% sugar oatmeal cookies made with sucralose and stevioside can be used to make a low-sugar cookie with a low glycemic index.