• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2023

Smart structures are those structure that could adopt some behavior to prevent instability in their responses. The recognition of stability deterioration has been performed through rigid mathematical formulations in control theory and unpredicted results could not be addressed in control systems since they are able to only work under their predefined condition. On the other hand, incorporating all affecting parameters could result in high computational cost and delay time in the response of the systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) method has shown to be a promising methodology not only in the computer science by at everyday life and in engineering problems. In the present study, we exploit the capabilities of artificial intelligence method to obtain frequency response of a smart structure. In this regard, a comprehensive development of equations is presented using Hamilton' principle and first order shear deformation theory. The equations were solved by numerical methods and the results are used to train an artificial neural network (ANN). It is demonstrated that ANN modeling could provide accurate results in comparison to the numerical solutions and it take less time than numerical solution.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

Ahead of the introduction of artificial intelligence education into the revised curriculum in 2022, various class cases based on artificial intelligence should be developed. In this study, we designed an artificial intelligence education program based on explainable artificial intelligence using design-based research. Artificial intelligence, which covers three areas of basic, utilization, and ethics of artificial intelligence and can be easily connected to real-life cases, is set as a key topic. In general design-based studies, more than three repetitive processes are performed, but the results of this study are based on the results of the primary design, application, and evaluation. We plan to design a program on artificial intelligence that is more complete based on the third modification and supplementation by applying it to the school later. This research will help the development of artificial intelligence education introduced at school.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 2019

The Transgenic livestock can be useful for the production of disease-resistant animals, pigs for xenotranplantation, animal bioreactor for therapeutic recombinant proteins and disease model animals. Previously, conventional methods without using artificial nuclease-dependent DNA cleavage system were used to produce such transgenic livestock, but their efficiency is known to be low. In the last decade, the development of artificial nucleases such as zinc-finger necleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas has led to more efficient production of knock-out and knock-in transgenic livestock. However, production of knock-in livestock is poor. In mouse, genetically modified mice are produced by coinjecting a pair of knock-in vector, which is a donor DNA, with a artificial nuclease in a pronuclear fertilized egg, but not in livestock. Gene targeting efficiency has been increased with the use of artificial nucleases, but the knock-in efficiency is still low in livestock. In many research now, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) methods used after selection of cell transfected with artificial nuclease for production of transgenic livestock. In particular, it is necessary to develop a system capable of producing transgenic livestock more efficiently by co-injection of artificial nuclease and knock-in vectors into fertilized eggs.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.21 no.2 s.34
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

Reproductive cycle with the gonadal phases, first sexual maturity, artificial spawning amount by the size and spawning interval of the hard clam, Meretrix lusoria were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data by artificial spawning induction. Meretrix lusoria is dioecious and oviparous. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (January to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to September), and spent/inactive stage (September to February). The spawning period was from June to September, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the seawater temperature exceeds over $20^{\circ}C$. Percentage of first sexual maturity of female and male clams ranging from 40.0 to 45.0 mm in shell length was over 50%, and all clams over 50.0 mm in shell length sexually matured. Female and male clams ranging from 40.0 to 45.0 mm in shell length are considered to be two years old. Therefore, we assume that the hard clams of both sexes begin reproduction from two years of age. The mean number of the spawned eggs increased with the increase of size (shell length) classes. In case of artificial spawning induction, the number of spawned eggs from the clams of a sized class was gradually decreased with the increase of the number of the spawning frequencies (the first, second, and third spawnings). In the experiments of artificial spawning induction during the spawning season, the interval of each spawning was estimated to be 15-18 days (average 17 days).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2013

We installed mesocosms including zooplankton, fishs, artificial marshy land and aquatic macrophytes in Kyoungan stream to study the reduction effects of algae from Sep. 16 to Oct. 28, 2011. The control tendency of phytoplankton taxa was compared by analyzing community structure and dominant species in each mesocosm. Under the condition where Bluegill was absent, Daphnia similoides showed good effect of algal control since it has large food area and has high grazing pressure. Bluegill selectively preys upon large zooplankton, Daphnia similoides, as it also preys on small zooplanktons that flow in. In condition that Bluegill was absent, Daphnia similoides preyed selectively large phytoplankton (Cryptomonas ovata). Due to the shading of light, removal of nutrients and providing refuge for small zooplanktons, aquatic macrophytes and artificial marshy land showed high level of algal control. In corrals with aquatic macrophytes and artificial marshy land, the dominancy of genus Coelastrum and Pediastrum, which are difficult for small zooplanktons to feed on, relatively increased. In conclusion, under conditions of small number of predators such as Bluegill, Daphnia similoides is thought to be useful in algal bloom; however, when lots of predators are present, using small sized zooplanktons along with artificial marshy land and aquatic macrophytes is thought to be more useful than using large zooplanktons.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2019

Objective : This study is a retrospective cost-benefit analysis of cervical anterior interbody fusion and cervical artificial disc replacement, which are the main surgical methods to treat degenerative cervical disc disease. Methods : We analyzed 156 patients who underwent anterior cervical disc fusion and cervical artificial disc replacement from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009, diagnosed with degenerative cervical disc disorder. In this study, the costs and benefits were analyzed by using quality adjusted life year (QALY) as the outcome index for patients undergoing surgery, and a Markov model was used for the analysis. Only direct medical costs were included in the analysis; indirect medical costs were excluded. Data were analyzed with TreeAge Pro $2015^{TM}$ (TreeAge Software, Inc, Williamstown, MA, USA). Results : Patients who underwent cervical anterior fusion had a total cost of KRW 2501807/USD 2357 over 5 years and obtained a utility of 3.72 QALY. Patients who underwent cervical artificial disc replacement received 4.18 QALY for a total of KRW 3685949/USD 3473 over 5 years. The cumulative cost-effectiveness ratio of cervical spine replacement surgery was KRW 2549511/QALY (USD 2402/QALY), which was lower than the general Korean payment standard. Conclusion : Both cervical anterior fusion and cervical artificial disc replacement are cost-effective treatments for patients with degenerative cervical disc disease. Cervical artificial disc replacement may be an effective alternative to obtain more benefits.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.41-56
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• 2021

New drug discovery and development research enable clinical treatment that saves human life and improves the quality of life, but the possibility of success with new drugs is significantly low despite a long time of 14 to 16 years and a large investment of 2 to 3 trillion won in traditional methods. As artificial intelligence is expected to radically change the new drug development paradigm, artificial intelligence new drug discovery and development projects are underway in various forms of collaboration, such as joint research between global pharmaceutical companies and IT companies, and government-private consortiums. This study uses the TOE framework and the Value-based Adoption Model, and the technical, organizational, and environmental factors that should be considered for the acceptance of AI technology at the level of the new drug research organization are the value of artificial intelligence technology. By analyzing the explanatory power of the relationship between perception and intention to use, it is intended to derive practical implications. Therefore, in this work, we present a research model in which technical, organizational, and environmental factors affecting the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies are mediated by strategic value recognition that takes into account all factors of benefit and sacrifice. Empirical analysis shows that usefulness, technicality, and innovativeness have significantly affected the perceived value of AI drug development systems, and that social influence and technology support infrastructure have significant impact on AI Drug Discovery and Development systems.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2011

This study was focused on improvement of milk production in Mongolian dairy industry by artificial insemination (AI) technology, supported by ODA of KOICA in Republic of Korea. This program was started in January 2009 and it is in $3^{rd}$ years. This manuscript summarized the data especially on estrus synchronization and pregnancy establishment in dairy cows (Holstein) this year. A total of 81 dairy cows from 4 private farms (38 from Undarmal milk and that of 30, 8 and 5 dairy cows from Onjin (Enkhbayer), Jargalant, and BRM School farms respectively) were synchronized with 5 ml Lutalyse (i.m.) in the dump of dairy cows and then estrus was detected 2 to 3 days after $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection. The synchronized dairy cows were inseminated with 0.5 ml dairy frozen semen by conventional artificial insemination (AI) techniques. Pregnancy was diagnosed about 60 days after AI by palpation method. About 96.3% (78/81) of synchronized cows were responded to single $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection. Total 75 over 78 dairy cows (90.1%) inseminated were diagnosed as pregnant. The estrus induction and pregnancy rates were very effective using Lutalyse injection and conventional AI techniques in Mongolian dairy cow. The present results indicated that AI after estrus induction in Mongolian dairy cows could be applied to dairy breeding technology for improving breeding efficiency and milk production of the country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2017

In this study, we propose a method of optimal placement technique of artificial reef considering characteristics of sea areas and provide basic data for efficient budget execution. In addition, we will contribute to increasing the economic efficiency by improving the fisheries productivity by suggesting the scientific basis for the policy data and the increase of the catch through the resource creation based on the ecological information about the biology. Especially, in order to establish the effective disposition (optimum separation distance) of artificial reef considering characteristics of biological and engineering factors, it is necessary to review the artificial reef installation management regulations and investigate the biological effects of artificial reef facilities, is needed. Through this, it is expected that the ground data of the direction of the policy promotion will be derived by suggesting the placement condition of the artificial reef complex which can maximize the resource composition effect according to the target fish species.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2019

As progress of technology, Artificial Intelligence is applied in various fields of industry such as finance, production, medical treatment, service, art by changing the way they look continuously. As AI is progressive area, We have to know what kind of changing is merged in human society by AI. In this paper, through the investigations of Artificial Intelligence's concept and the way Artificial Intelligence's technology is implemented in modern industry, we studied positive effect and negative effect of AI. By this study, In conclusion, by realizing how close Artificial Intelligence had come to our life, we can prepare to seek a foothold to deal with this Artificial Intelligence.