• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.139-162
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• 2014

This paper critically examines the existing discourses about 'relationship', a key element of social work practice and questingly examines Lao-tzu's work of Tao Te Ching, the book of way and virtue, as an alternative theoretical framework for social work relationship. Compared to current discourses of relationship beleaguered by either modernism or postmodernism, both of which are in the deadlock of binary perspective, the insights and vision in Tao Te Ching are successfully able to overcome the limits of them and provide new and profound way of thinking about human, society and their relationship. Especially core cannons crystallized by natural humanistic concepts for cosmos coupled with innate critical power against artificial manipulations of world can extend the horizon of understanding concerning the relationship between client and social workers and therefore provide a new and attractive roles in professional relationship. Moreover, opposed to usual images of Lao-tzu's ideas such as nihilism and passivity, alternative relationship of social work can play an important role of caring the disordered reality where Dao disappered and criticise the selfish desires of individuals and comport the broken-hearted minds in modern society. In addition, results of this paper implies that more extended study articulating ideas of Tao Te Ching with the social work practice would have lots of potentials to promote later researches in quest of 'Korean' social work practice.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.506-522
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• 1998

Visitors to Naesorak in Soraksan National Park were surveyed from July to December. During this time, 452 visitors were contacted. Of those individuals, 57.08% were males, 30.97% of respondents reported that they had gone beyond highschool, and almost one-half(49.12%) had gone as for as college, 40.93% were 10\cdot 20 years of age. The purpose of this is to suggest objective basic data for the use development and conservation management of the national park through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Naesorak in Soraksan National Park, for this, spatial images strusture of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaries. Result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. Factors covering the spatial image of the Naesorak in Soraksan National Park landscape have been found to be the overall spatial, potentiality, synthetic evaluation, physical and natural quality factors. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of clear of valley, peculiarity of configuration, natural of trail, harmony of suitable artificial planting and temple.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

Egg development and early life history of the Korean natural monument fish Hemibarbus mylodon (Pisces: Cyprinidae) were investigated to provide basic data on biological characteristics and ecological recovery. Adult fish were collected from nature and transferred to the laboratory. For the first time, artificial maturation of females and males succeeded after 15 months of indoor culture. Mature eggs and sperm were obtained using Ovaprim injections (0.5 mL/kg) and then the eggs were fertilized using the dry method in the laboratory. The mature eggs were adhesive, turbid, and greyish; they averaged $2.21{\pm}0.06mm$ (n=30) in diameter. The embryos began to hatch about 78 h after fertilization at a water temperature $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and the newly-hatched larvae were $6.6{\pm}0.75mm$ in total length (TL). At 14 days after hatching, the post-larval individuals were $13.5{\pm}0.23mm$ (TL), and their yolk sacs were completely absorbed. Twenty one days after hatching, they entered the juvenile stage and reached $13.5{\pm}0.23mm$ (TL). At 100 days after hatching, their band patterns, external form, and a pair of barbels were similar to those of adults, and they averaged $33.0{\pm}4.25mm$ (TL). The breeding technology and characteristics of early life history obtained in this study will be very helpful for conservation of H. mylodon in nature.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to investigate the fertilization and the size of mature female and male gametophytic parts of Pulsatilla koreana after artificial pollination. The size of pollen is $26.5{\mu}m$ at the time of anther dehiscence, that is, about $3{\sim}4$ days after pollination. Synergid nucleus, egg nucleus, and polar nucleus are 10.0, 15.0, and $32.5{\mu}m$ respectively at the time of completing egg apparatus formation, that is, about 2 days after pollination. Poller tubes germinate on stigma about 10 hours, passing lower part of style about 30 hours, penetrating into micropyle about 35 hours after pollination. Sperm nucleus penetrates into polar nucleus about 40 hours and egg cell about 48 hours after pollination. But, there seems to be different among the individuals. Multinuclei and multinucleoli are formed in egg cell, synergid, and polar nucleus about the time of fertilization. Proembryo is formed about 4 days, being changed to large globular form about $6{\sim}8$ days after pollination. Endosperm nuclei divide into free nuclei after fertilization and change to cotyledon in gymnosperm. There seems to be same phenomena in Pulsatilla koreana.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.670-676
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• 2017

Recently, mass mortality of the young abalone Haliotis discus hannai has occurred in commercial seed production farms in Korea. The mortality rate was above 50% of the total cultured organisms in the farm, and the shell length of the moribund organisms was about 3cm. The mortal phenomenon was that the young abalones were weakly scattered on the bottom of the pond from the attachment matrix, or that they could not be moved back to their normal positions. The diseased farmed Pacific abalone had abdominal edema. From the edema in the moribund individuals, three bacterial strains were isolated and all the strains were identified as Vibrio harveyi. These strains were compared with thirty six strains isolated from the fish. The results was that the Vibrio harveyi from the fish were sorted into genogroup A or B; however, the three strains of the diseased farmed Pacific abalone were sorted into genogroup A and the new genogroup C. The identical mortality and pathological symptoms of the naturally infected organisms were reproduced by artificial infection with WA AG-1 and WA CS-5 strains. The $LD_{50}$ of WA AG-1 and WA CS-5 were each $1.0{\times}10^3cfu\;animal^{-1}$ and $1.7{\times}10^4cfu\;animal^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide basic information for conservation and restoration through investigation of vegetation and soil condition of Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi, Korean endemic species, in Mt. Halla, Jeju Island. Very few individuals were discontinuously distributed and restricted at 1,075 m above sea level, very steep slope ($60-70^{\circ}C$), rocky area of north face of Eorimok Valley. For investigation of environmental condition, we established two $10\;{\times}\;10\;m$ quadrats in the habitats and one control quadrat. Twenty-four species were found at site 1 under 10-12 m Carpinus laxiflora tree layer (35%) and soil conditions are pH 5.9, moisture content (field capacity) 9.39%, organic carbon 8.22% and organic matter 14.17%, respectively. Site2, 15 taxa were found under 8-12 m Platycarya strobilacea tree layer (40%) and soil conditions are pH 5.07, moisture content 4.99%, organic carbon 5.34% and 9.21 percentage of organic matter. In the control quadrat, 14 taxa were found under 10 m Carpinus laxiflora tree layer (10%) and soil conditions are pH 5.27, moisture content 6.23%, organic carbon 4.74% and organic matter 8.17%, respectively. The principal causes of threat which were investigated in this study are competition among company, very steep slopes, artificial management of valley. For restoration and conservation of habitats, it is needed to suitable plans.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Gastrodia elata has a very low pollination rate in natural state, and even in artificial cultivation, there are very few individuals that bloom due to the degeneration, so little studies have been conducted. This study confirmed that the potential as a cosmetic ingredient by evaluating the antioxidant activity through the evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, and the moisturizing activity through the effect on promoting hyaluronic acid production by artificially flowering G. elata flower. It was also confirmed that the appearance rate and flowering rate of G. elata harvested in spring were high, and the content of gastrodin was 0.36%. The IC50 value of G. elata flower extract was 0.045% and it was confirmed that G. elata flower extract had higher radical scavenging activity than G. elata root extract. The NO production inhibitory activity against the flower extract showed a significant inhibitory effect from 1% to 83.2%. Hyaluronic acid production promotion efficacy was not confirmed in the G. elata root extract, but the production rate increased with concentration dependence in the flower extract, and it was the highest at 46.9% when 0.02% treatment was performed. Based on the above research results, it is judged that G. elata flower extract has high potential for use as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin moisturizing cosmetic ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2018

In order to investigate the changes in the population of Spot-billed ducks due to changes in reclaimed land, we conducted a monthly survey from January 2008 to December 2014 at the Shihwa Lake. The average number of Spot-billed ducks was 12,204 individuals. The average population was decreased. The yearly index of fluctuation (Fi) was the highest at 2.16 in 2010. TRIM(TRends and Indices for Monitoring data) showed a steep decline in winter and a moderate decrease tendency in autumn and spring. However, in the summer season, it showed an moderate increasing tendency. The main habitat were Northland reclaimed land, agricultural land and wetland area, Tando waterway, Shihwa artificial wetland in upstream. The correlation between the number of Spot-billed ducks and the temperature was negatively correlated in spring, summer, autumn. However, winter was showed positive correlation. Therefore, it affects the community of Spot-billed ducks due to environmental changes of reclaimed land. In future, effective management is needed to prepare alternative habitat based on basic data like this study for the conservation and management of Spot-billed ducks during reclamation construction.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.69-89
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• 2019

In order to implement smart cities that will become living spaces in the fourth industrial revolution era, detailed privacy information such as residents' living information, buildings and facilities information must be collected and processed in real time. While city functions and convenience for individuals are being facilitated, threats to personal information exposure and leakage are also likely to increase at the same time. Therefore, the design concept for personal information protection should be considered and accordingly reflected from the stages of smart city design, technology development and operation planning of intelligent information (AI) facilities. The results of the analysis show that for activation of smart cities and operation of data-driven cities, the concept of Privacy by Design (PbD) has already been introduced in the institutional, industrial and technological aspects, particularly in the cases of European countries and the US. In order to strengthen the local and global competitiveness of smart cities and the country, Korea also needs to actively deploy PbD as a strategy to secure a data-driven economy, which is the core strategy for smart cities. Therefore, the study suggests policy implications focused on approaches to legislative improvement and technology development support, which reflect the basic properties of PbD as defined in the study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

Benthic macroinvertebrates were analyzed in March, June, September, and December 2018 to evaluate water quality in the Songji River in Sacheon-ci, Korea. The identified benthic macroinvertebrates included 447 individuals belonging to 20 species, 18 families, 12 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla. Various ecological parameters were estimated for evaluation of the river status. The total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (TESB) varied from 17 (Station D) to 41 (Station A). The saprobic index and ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) for the evaluation of river status revealed a water quality evaluation at Station A of II (oligosaprobic), indicating some satisfactory water protection. The benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) varied from 25.207 (Site C) to 39.348 (Station A). The evaluation of the river status at Stations C and D was polysaprobic, and sensitive taxa were absent. The mean Shannon-Weaver index (H') of diversity varied from 1.288 (Station D) to 2.250 (Station A). The classification of saprobity based on H' was ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at Station A and ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic at the other stations. The value of geometric density was varied from 1.229 (Station A) to 2.071 (Station D), with a mean of 1.582. An artificial load is being added to this river. One of load is the rectal river construction which flows straight through the river physics. Thus, the environment of living organisms deteriorates due to insufficient water. In order to secure the quality of the Songji River and a good environmental habitat, several low-height stepped-beam structures are required.