• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.59-63
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• 2002

Artificial blasts, defined as seismo-acoustic events, were discriminated from natural earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula by analyzing seismo-acoustic data. 219 seismo-acoustic events corresponding to 9 percent of total seismic events in 2001 were analyzed and classified as artificial surface blasts. Most seismo-acoustic events were concentrated in several areas. This distribution pattern was similar to the previous result in 1999-2000. Most of seismo-acoustic events especially concentrated at 7 small areas in North and South Korea. The number of seismo-acoustic events occurred in North and South Korea was 79 and 140 events, respectively. The local magnitude of seismic events from North Korea was relatively larger than from South. And some infrasound occurred from North Korea had a characteristic of sequential arrivals of signals, which reflected the different propagation in the atmosphere.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.406-412
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• 2015

최근 들어 빈번히 일어나는 지진은 교량에 심각한 손상을 줄 수 있기 때문에, 신설되는 교량에는 내진설계를 고려하고 기존의 노후 교량에는 손상도 평가의 필요성이 대두된다. 본 논문은 지진에 의한 구조물의 손상 정도를 분석하기 위한 손상도 곡선을 작성하는 데 있어서 기존 연구에 적용된 미국형 인공지진을 우리나라 설계기준에 부합하는 한국형 인공지진으로 교체하는 과정을 연구한 것으로써, 지진의 지반특성인 최대지반가속도(PGA)에 대해 면진받침이 없는 경우와 있는 경우에 대한 손상도 곡선을 작성하며 그에 적합한 인공지진의 생성방법을 도출하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2020

Seismic qualification of instruments and devices mounted on electrical cabinets in a nuclear power plant is performed in this study by means of the in-cabinet response spectrum (ICRS). A simple method and two rigorous methods are proposed in the EPRI NP-7146-SL guidelines for generating the ICRS. The simple method of EPRI can give unrealistic spectra that are excessively conservative in many cases. In the past, the time domain analysis (TDA) methods have been mostly used to analyze a structure. However, the TDA requires the generation of an artificial earthquake input motion compatible to the target response spectrum. The process of generating an artificial earthquake may involve a great deal of uncertainty. In addition, many time history analyses should be performed to increase the accuracy of the results. This study developed a numerical analysis program for generating the ICRS by frequency domain analysis (FDA) method. The developed program was validated by the numerical study. The ICRS calculated by FDA thoroughly matched with those obtained from TDA. This study then confirms that the method it proposes can simply and efficiently generate the ICRS compared to the time domain method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression (MR) models were developed to predict the critical factor of safety ($F_s$) of the homogeneous finite slopes subjected to earthquake forces. To achieve this, the values of $F_s$ in 5184 nos. of homogeneous finite slopes having different slope, soil and earthquake parameters were calculated by using the Simplified Bishop method and the minimum (critical) $F_s$ for each of the case was determined and used in the development of the ANN and MR models. The results obtained from both the models were compared with those obtained from the calculations. It is found that the ANN model exhibits more reliable predictions than the MR model. Moreover, several performance indices such as the determination coefficient, variance account for, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and the scaled percent error were computed. Also, the receiver operating curves were drawn, and the areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated to assess the prediction capacity of the ANN and MR models developed. The performance level attained in the ANN model shows that the ANN model developed can be used for predicting the critical $F_s$ of the homogeneous finite slopes subjected to earthquake forces.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.233-247
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• 2006

Most codes of practice state that for large in-plane structures it is necessary to account for the spatial variability of earthquake ground motion. There are essentially three effects that contribute for this variation: (i) wave passage effect, due to finite propagation velocity; (ii) incoherence effect, due to differences in superposition of waves; and (iii) the local site amplification due to spatial variation in geological conditions. This paper discusses the procedures to be undertaken in the time domain analysis of a cable-stayed bridge under spatial variability of earthquake ground motion. The artificial synthesis of correlated displacements series that simulate the earthquake load is discussed first. Next, it is described the 3D model of the International Guadiana Bridge used for running tests with seismic analysis. A comparison of the effects produced by seismic waves with different apparent propagation velocities and different geological conditions is undertaken. The results in this study show that the differences between the analysis with and without spatial variability of earthquake ground motion can be important for some displacements and internal forces, especially those influenced by symmetric modes.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

This paper addresses a fundamental research subject to complement and improve current domestic design specifications for the strong motion duration criterion and the envelop function of artificial accelerograms that can be applied to the earthquake-proof design of nuclear structures. The criteria for design response spectra and strong motion duration suggested by WRC RG 1.60 and ASCE Standard 4-98 are commonly being used in the profession, and they are first compared with each other and reviewed. By applying 152 real strong earthquake records that are over magnitude of 5 in the rock sites to the strong motion duration criterion in ASCE 4-98, an empirical regression model that predicts the strong motion duration as a function of earthquake magnitude is then developed. Using synthetically generated earthquake time histories for the five cases whose strong motion durations vary from 6 to 15 seconds, a seismic analysis is conducted to identify effects of the strong motion durations on the seismic responses of nuclear structures.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

이 논문은 원전구조물의 내진설계에 적용되는 인공지진파의 강진지속시간과 포락함수에 대한 현행 국내 설계기준의 개선과 보완을 위해서 필요한 기반연구에 관한 내용을 다루고 있다. USNRC와 ASCE 4-98에서 제안한 응답스펙트럼과 강진지속시간에 대한 규정이 현재 통상적으로 사용되고 있으며, 첫 번째로 두 기준에 대한 비교와 검토를 수행하였다. 다음으로 총 209개의 암반사이트에서 실제 계측된 규모 5.0 이상인 강진기록을 ASCE 4-98의 강진지속시간기준에 적용한 결과를 통계 처리하여 지진규모에 대한 함수로 표현되는 강진지속시간의 실험적 예측모델을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 강진지속시간이 원전구조물의 지진응답특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 6초에서 20초까지 약 2초 간격으로 강진지속시간을 달리하는 10가지 Case에 대한 인공지진파를 각 30개씩 작성하고, 이들을 적용하여 대만 Hualien 지진시험구조물과 국내 울진 원자력발전소 원자로 격납구조물에 대한 광범위한 지진응답해석을 수행하고 그 결과를 분석하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.375-392
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• 2014

Time history analyses have been preferred commonly in earthquake engineering area to determine earthquake performances of structures in recent years. Advances in computer technology and structural analysis have led to common usage of time history analyses. Eurocode 8 allows the use of real earthquake records as an input for linear and nonlinear time history analyses of structures. However, real earthquake records with the desired characteristics sometimes may not be found, for example depending on soil classes, in this case artificial and synthetic earthquake records can be used for seismic analyses rather than real records. Selected earthquake records should be scaled to a code design spectrum to reduce record to record variability in structural responses of considered structures. So, scaling of earthquake records is one of the most important procedures of time history analyses. In this paper, four real earthquake records are scaled to Eurocode 8 design spectrums by using SESCAP (Selection and Scaling Program) based on time domain scaling method and developed by using MATLAB, GUI software, and then scaled and real earthquake records are used for linear time history analyses of a six-storied building. This building is modeled as spatial by SAP2000 software. The objectives of this study are to put basic procedures and criteria of selecting and scaling earthquake records in a nutshell, and to compare the effects of scaled earthquake records on structural response with the effects of real earthquake records on structural response in terms of record to record variability of structural response. Seismic analysis results of building show that record to record variability of structural response caused by scaled earthquake records are fewer than ones caused by real earthquake records.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

The quality factor and the seismic source parameters such as the $\chi$ corner frequency and the stress drop were estimated from the small-to-medium instrumental earthquake data in south Korea. The Q facter with 95% confidence level ranges from 1519 to 2158. The regression equation of $\chi$in terms of epicentral distance R, is obtained as $\chi$=0.006717+0.00015R. And the stress drop is estimated as 50 bar which is similar to the previous results carried out by independent researchers. Artificial ground motions were simulated using the estimated earthquake parameter values and compared with real earthquake, The simulated response spectrum is very similar to real one.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.521-535
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• 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to predict missing absolute out-of-plane displacements and failure limits of infill walls by artificial neural network (ANN) models. For this purpose, two shake table experiments are performed. These experiments are conducted on a 1:1 scale one-bay one-story reinforced concrete frame (RCF) with an infill wall. One of the experimental models is composed of unreinforced brick model (URB) enclosures with an RCF and other is composed of an infill wall with bed joint reinforcement (BJR) enclosures with an RCF. An artificial earthquake load is applied with four acceleration levels to the URB model and with five acceleration levels to the BJR model. After a certain acceleration level, the accelerometers are detached from the wall to prevent damage to them. The removal of these instruments results in missing data. The missing absolute maximum out-of-plane displacements are predicted with ANN models. Failure of the infill wall in the out-of-plane direction is also predicted at the 0.79 g acceleration level. An accuracy of 99% is obtained for the available data. In addition, a benchmark analysis with multiple regression is performed. This study validates that the ANN-based procedure estimates missing experimental data more accurately than multiple regression models.