• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) often show muscular disorder, internal derangement and degenerative change of articular surface of the condyle. It is important to choose adequate diagnostic method for obtaining data for the diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has some advantages, because it shows good resolution image for the soft tissue and it is not invasive to the human body. We have performed serial research about the retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ according to the progress of the disease, using T2 weighted image, since 2002. In this study, we applicated resized observation area to compare signal intensity between the retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ and cerebral gray matter, using T2 weighted image.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 1998

The ankle is a complex structure supporting the entire musculoskeletal system during standing and walking. And so the goals of operative treatment for ankle fractures are to obtain an anatomical reduction that is maintained by stable fixation, resulting in a healed fracture and recovery of normal function. The 64 patients who had ankle fractures were treated by arthroscopic reduction(20 cases) and open reduction (43 cases) in Konkuk university hospital from February 1991 to October 1997 and the results were analyzed in clinical and radiological aspects. The following results were obtained. According to the criteria of Meyer, arthroscopic assisted reduction group had good or excellent results in 18 cases (90%) and open reduction group good or excellent in 35 cases (83%). The difference of the results was not significant statistically, but arthroscopic assisted reduction technique has several advantages over open technique; the best assessment of articular surface, lower wound problem, postoperatively faster rate of rehabilitation and minor discomfort.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 2016

We report on a rare case of an intraosseous epidermoid cyst in the distal phalanx of the great toe with concurrent infection in a 71-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. The lesion was initially considered simple infectious arthritis and concomitant osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes. However, after surgery, an intraosseous epidermoid cyst originating from the nail bed and involving the articular surface of the distal phalanx was detected. The epidermoid cyst may have contributed to the infectious arthritis in the interphalangeal joint. The lesion was treated via mass excision, arthrotomy, debridement, and intravenous antibiotics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.390-396
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• 2008

Osteoarthritis(OA) diseases are characterized by joint pain, tenderness, limitation of movement, crepitus, occasional effusion, and variable degrees of inflammation without systemic effects. We investigated the effects of Achyrantis radixs cream treatment and low intensity ultrasound in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced experimental osteoarthritis rat. Sprague-Dawley 40 rats of 7-8 weeks, weight $250\;{\pm}\;50$ g were divided into four groups including the control group and ostoarthritis group(30 rats). Histopathological examination, Mankin's score, and immunohistochemical were performed. Histological findings in control group that are similar to those observed in human osteoarthritis, such as disorganization of chondrocytes, erosion and fibrillation of cartilage surface, and subchondral bone exposure. Safranin O-fast green staining revealed that marked diffuse reduction of proteoglycans and chondrocyte treated with MIA. The Mankin's score were closely correlated to the grade of histological findings. The level of Bax and caspase-3 expression decreased experimental groups. This study shows that a Acyranthes Radix cream treatment and low intensity ultrasound exerts a beneficial influence on the severity of chondral lesion in osteoarthritis rats. This treatments could related to a reduced level of chondrocyte apoptosis through anti-apoptotoc capacities of MIA-induced apoptotic protein overexpression.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2013

Musculoskeletal ultrasound has unique advantages that may be free from exposure to radiation, low price compared to MRI, outpatient procedure that can be easily accessible, and better accuracy combined with physical examination. Dynamic ultrasound performed with stress tests are known to be useful for detecting the hidden lesions in the tendons, ligaments, nerves. Ultrasound in the elbow can be used easily in the outpatient for evaluation of the joint surface and synovial space; diagnosis for tendon diseases such as lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis and morbidity of peripheral nerves; guide for anterior-posterior bursal and intra-articular injections.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 1996

Chondroitin sulfate/gelatin microspheres containing dexamethasone 21-acetate were prepared by complex coacervation method and their release patterns were examined in vitro. Microspheres prepared with a small amount of crosslinking agent had smooth surface and few pores, but those with a large amount of crosslinking agent were more porous and less spherical. In vitro release patterns were varied by changing polymer/drug weight ratio and amount of crosslinking agent. The release rate of dexamethasone 21-acetate in the presence of collagenase was faster than that in the absence of collagenase. Anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone 21-acetate microspheres was more efficient than that of dexamethasone 21-acetate solution in carrageenan-induced arthritis in the rat. On the basis of the above results, we might expect the degradation and drug release rate of these microspheres to be regulated by the degree of crosslinking and the level of enzymes. In patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who have high concentration of collagenase, more drug would be released from the microspheres. An intra-articular injection therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with desired release kinetics could be developed to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic index.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.345-349
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• 2005

Objective: Anterior screw fixation provides the best anatomical and functional results for type II odontoid process fracture (type II-A, II-N, and II-P) with intact transverse ligament. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the 4.5mm diameter, cannulated Herbert screw in anterior screw fixation. Methods: From Jan. 2003 to Feb. 2004, consecutive 10cases of type II odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation using a Herbert screw. The Herbert screw has double threads, with different pitches on the distal and proximal ends. It has no head, so it can be inserted through articular cartilage and buried below bone surface. It was originally developed for treating scaphoid fractures. Results: There were 8male and 2female patients whose ages ranged from 15 to 67years (mean 42.1years). The fracture type was type II-A in 4patients, II-N in 3 patients, and II-P in 3 patients. The fracture line was oblique downward and backward in 6cases, oblique downward and forward in 1 case, and horizontal in 3cases. The range of follow-up was 5 to 18months (mean 12months). Bone fusions were achieved in all cases without any instrumental failures or postoperative complications. Conclusion: The Herbert screw is very useful in anterior fixation for type II odontoid process fracture. This series showed successful results also in type II-A odontoid fracture when treated with the Herbert screw, but further more studies are required.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 2018

Objectives : Mahaengeuigam-Tang (MHEGT) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatic aerthritis, rheumatisim, eczema and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MHEGT for cartilage protection in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced osteoarthritis, particularly focusing on apoptosis. Method : Thirty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. Rats were intra-articularly injected with 2 mg MIA in a total volume of 50 ㎕ saline. In MHEGT group, MHEGT extract was orally administered once daily to MIA-induced osteoarthritis rats, and rats of control group were given with saline only. At 4 weeks after MIA injection, all animals were sacrificed, and the histological changes and articular thickness were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analyses of BAX and Bcl-2 were carried out. Results : The histomorphological examinations revealed that MHEGT reduced MIA-induced cartilage damage. And, MHEGT ameliorated the severity of cartilage surface damages after MIA injection. Furthermore, MHEGT suppressed the MIA-induced increases of pro-apoptotic BAX protein and increased the protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Conclusion : These findings indicate that MHEGT protects against MIA-induced cartilage damage by inhibition of the apoptotic pathway, demonstrating significant protection of cartilage against osteoarthritis. These results suggest that MHEGT may potentially have clinical applications in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

Distal humerus fractures (DHFs) are challenging to treat due to the locally complex osseous and soft tissue anatomy. Adequate exposure of the articular surface of the distal humerus is crucial when performing an anatomical reconstruction of the elbow. Even though "triceps-on" approaches are gaining popularity, one of the most commonly used surgical treatments for DHF is olecranon osteotomy. The incidence of complications related to this approach is unclear. This review was performed to assess the type and frequency of complications that occur with the olecranon osteotomy approach in the treatment of DHF. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library digital databases up to February 2020. Only English articles describing complications of olecranon osteotomy in the treatment of DHF were included. Data on patient and surgical characteristics and complications were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. A total of 41 articles describing 1,700 osteotomies were included, and a total of 447 complications were reported. Of these 447 complications, wound infections occurred in 4.2% of osteotomies, of which 1.4% were deep infections and 2.8% were superficial. Problems related with union occurred in 3.7% of osteotomies, 2% of which represented non-union and 1.7% delayed union. The high risk of complications in olecranon osteotomy must be considered in the decision to perform this procedure in the treatment of DHF.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2013

In this study, the frictional behaviors of articular cartilage against a Co-Cr alloy in two types of kinematic motions were compared. Cartilage pins were punched from the femoral condyles of porcine knee joints, and Co-Cr alloy disks were machined from orthopedic-grade rods and polished to a surface roughness ($R_a$) of 0.002. Friction tests were conducted by using a pin-on-disk-type tribotester in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) under pressures of 0.5, 1, and 2 MPa. All tests were performed in the repeat pass rotational (ROT) and the linear reciprocal (RCP) sliding motions with the same sliding distance and speed of 50 mm/s. The coefficients of friction of the cartilage against the Co-Cr alloy increased with the sliding time in both kinematic motions for all contact pressures. The maximum coefficients of friction in RCP motion were 1.08, 2.82, and 1.96 times those in ROT motion for contact pressures of 0.5, 1, and 2 MPa, respectively. As the contact pressure increased, the coefficients of friction gradually increased in RCP motion, whereas they decrease and then increased in ROT motion. The interaction between the directional change of the shear stress and the orientation of collagen fiber in the superficial layer of the cartilage could affect the change in the frictional behaviors of the cartilage. A large difference in the coefficients of friction between the two kinematic motions could be interpreted as differences in the directional change of shear stress at the contact surface.