• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 1999

The neck of the talus is its most vulnerable and fragile segment, because of narrow diameter, devoid of hyaline padding and honeycombed internally by vascular channels etc. Talar neck fractures comprise 50% of all major to the talus. The majority occurs as a result of high-energy injuries, such as motor vehicle accidents or fall from a height. Anatomically, talar surface is covered mainly with articular cartilage and blood supply to the talus is very poor. So, complications, such as non-union, avascular necrosis and post traumatic arthritis, are frequent. The authors reviewed fourteen cases of talar neck fractures treated in our clinics from Jan. 1992 to Mar. 1997, and average follow-up period was over 15 months. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Patients' average age was 31.2 years. 2. The most common cause was traffic accident(9/14, 64%), and hyperdorsiflexion injury of the ankle was common mechanism of the fractures. 3. According to the modified Hawkins classification, type I was four cases, type II was nine cases, type III was one case and type IV was no case. 4. Hawkins sign of subcortical radiolucency was found in 64% (9/14) of the fractures. 5. Avascular necrosis was occurred in 21% (3/14) of the fractures(in two cases of type II fractures, and in one of type III). 6. According to the Hawkins criteria, four cases in type I, five in type II were an excellent result. Two cases, one in type II and one in type III were good result, and two in type II were fair. One in type II was poor result.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2020

Objectives: Joint injuries frequently lead to progressive joint degeneration that causes articular disc derangement, joint inflammation, and osteoarthritis. Such arthropathies that arise after trauma are defined as post-traumatic arthritis (PTA). Although PTA is well recognized in knee and elbow joints, PTA in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has not been clearly defined. Interestingly, patients experiencing head and neck trauma without direct jaw fracture have displayed TMJ disease symptoms; however, definitive diagnosis and treatment options are not available. This study will analyze clinical aspects of PTA in TMJ and their treatment outcomes after joint arthrocentesis and lavage. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with history of trauma to the head and neck especially without jaw fracture were retrospectively studied. Those patients developed TMJ disease symptoms and were diagnosed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. To decrease TMJ discomfort, arthrocentesis and lavage with or without conservative therapy were applied, and efficacy was evaluated by amount of mouth opening and pain scale. Statistical differences between pre- and post-treatment values were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Patient age varied widely between 20 and 80 years, and causes of trauma were diverse. Duration of disease onset was measured as 508 post-trauma days, and 85% of the patients sought clinic visit within 2 years after trauma. In addition, 85% of the patients showed TMJ disc derangement without reduction, and osteoarthritis was accompanied at the traumatized side or at both sides in 40% of the patients. After arthrocentesis or lavage, maximal mouth opening was significantly increased (28-44 mm on average, P<0.001) and pain scale was dramatically decreased (7.8-3.5 of 10, P<0.001); however, concomitant conservative therapy showed no difference in treatment outcome. Conclusion: The results of this study clarify the disease identity of PTA in TMJ and suggest early diagnosis and treatment options to manage PTA in TMJ.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

Purpose: To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of between two and three Kirschner wire(K-wire) intramedullary fixation for fractures in the neck of the metacarpal bone. Methods: A single institutional retrospective review identified 28 cases of metacarpal fractures between March 2010 and August 2014. Each of the cases met the inclusion criteria for closed, extra-articular fractures of the neck of the metacarpal bone. The patient groups were divided by the number of K-wire. Outcomes were compared for range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint, radiographic parameters, and period until union. Results: The fractures were treated with either 2 Kirschner wire fixation (n=10) or 3 Kirschner wire fixation (n=18). The active range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint and radiographic result showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The mean union period was 5.9 weeks. However, four cases suffered distal head perforation in 2 K-wire fixation group and one case in 3 K-wire fixation group. Conclusion: Multiple retrograde intramedullary Kirschner wire fixation is a good treatment of choice for fractures in the neck of the metacarpal bone. To prevent metacarpal head perforation, it is preferred to use three K-wires than two K-wires.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper reports the surgical treatment results of open calcaneal fractures performed at the author's clinics focusing on open calcaneal fractures to help understand the appropriate treatment and realistic outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 22 cases out of 30 patients who visited the hospital from February 2009 to December 2019 and were followed up for more than one year. In open fractures, the fracture was classified using the Gustilo-Anderson classification and was evaluated using the soft tissue status at the time of visit. Intra-articular calcaneal fractures were classified using Sanders classification. The radiological parameters were measured for the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal length, height, and width before and after surgery, and at the last follow-up. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale and investigated complications. In addition, statistical analysis of the incidence and associated factors of posttraumatic arthritis was conducted. Results: In all cases, the surgical treatment was performed by minimally invasive surgery. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale conducted for a clinical evaluation of the final follow-up was averaged 72.5 points. In the classification of open fractures, the Gustilo-Anderson classification type IIIA was the most common, and the Sanders type III was the most common. Of the 22 cases after surgery, 15 cases had complications, 11 cases had posttraumatic arthritis, eight cases had an infection, and 4 cases had both complications. Only the Sanders classification showed a statistically significant correlation with the incidence of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: In treating open calcaneal fractures, internal fixation by a minimally invasive approach showed relatively satisfactory results. However, follow-up research will be needed, including the results of a long-term follow-up through a large number of cases and comparative studies with other surgical methods.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2021

골반골 골절은 고에너지 손상이며 주변 조직 및 장기의 손상이 동반되는 경우가 흔하다. 골반 외상 환자에서 적절한 치료가 제공되지 않으면 사망률이 높아지므로 수상 초기에 적극적인 치료를 요하게 된다. 하지만 광범위한 수술을 시행하기에는 환자의 상태가 허락되지 않는 경우가 많아서 최소 침습적인 수술을 고려하게 된다. 치골의 경피적 고정은 피부 절개를 크게 하지 않고도 골반의 전방부 안정성을 획득할 수 있는 방법으로 비교적 쉽게 적용할 수 있어 여러 문헌에서 소개되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 문헌에서는 비전위성 골절에 대한 나사 고정을 기술하고 있으며 전위성 골절을 경피적 나사 고정으로 치료할 때 비구의 관절면을 침범하지 않는 위치로 나사를 삽입하는 것이 어려운 점은 간과되고 있다. 저자는 치골의 전위성 골절의 경피적 나사 고정 시 구부러진 유도핀을 이용하여 관절면의 침범을 피하면서 유관나사를 쉽게 삽입할 수 있었기에 본 술식을 소개하고자 한다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2023

Fixation of radial head fracture with minimally invasive posterior approach remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of trans-anconeus posterior elbow approach and to observe lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) in extended elbows. This cadaveric study was performed in twenty upper limbs of fresh fixed adult male cadavers. An oblique incision was made in the middle segment of anconeus until the lateral ligament complex and the joint capsule had been revealed. A deep dissection was explored to observe the anatomical relationship of the LUCL to the anconeus. Measurements of the LUCL were recorded while the elbow was fully extended. The mean distance between the edge of the radial head and the proximal insertion of the LUCL was 13.3 mm (11.5-16.2 mm); the mean distance between the edge of the radial head and the distal insertion of the LUCL was 20.9 mm (19.2-23.4 mm); the distance between the edge of the radial head and the distal edge of the annular ligament was 11.2 mm (8.22-11.7 mm). By estimate correlation of the previous measurements, the direct and accessible way to expose the posterolateral articular capsule of the elbow joint was through a window in medial 2/3 of the middle segment of anconeus muscle. These trans-anconeus approach is useful. It provides good visualization, facilitates applying the implants, and lessens the risk of radial nerve injury. Awareness of the anatomy is mandatory to avoid injury of LUCL.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

목적: 관절경을 이용한 경골 고평부 골절 치료를 시행하고 이에 대한 결과를 평가해 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 5월부터 2003년 2월까지 본 교실에서 경골 고평부 골절로 관절경과 영상증폭기를 이용한 수술적 치료를 하고, 2년 이상 추시가 가능했던 환자 27례를 대상으로 하였으며 평균 추시 기간은 41개월 이었다. 골절의 분류는 Schatzker 분류방법을 이용 하였으며, 당순 방사선 사진에서 관절면 함몰 및 전위가 2 mm이상인 경우를 골절 정복의 적응증으로 삼았다. 먼저 동반된 손상에 대한 수술을 먼저 하고, 관절경하에서 2.4 mm Steinmann 핀을 이용하여 관절면을 정복하고 영상증폭기하에서 6.5 mm cancellous screw로 고정하였다. 이후 필요에 따라 추가적인 내고정 혹은 외고정을 시행하였다. 결과판정은 임상적 결과와 방사선적 결과로 나누어 Rasmussen의 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 최종 추시 결과 전례 27례에서 골유합을 얻었고, Rasmussen 기준에 따라 23례(85%)에서 우수 또는 양호의 만족스러운 결과를 얻었다. 평균 관절운동 범위는 2.5도에서 130도 이었다. 합병증으로 1례에서 술후 감염이 있었고 1례에서 정복의 소실이 있었다. 결론: 경골 고평부 골절의 치료에 있어 관절경과 영상 증폭기를 이용한 수술은 정확한 관절면의 정복과 동반 손상을 치료하고 합병증이 적은 유용한 술식으로 사료된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the 2-year follow-up results of patients with a trimalleolar fracture, who had undergone an anterior incision cannulated screw fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment, which had more than 25% of articular involvement or had no cortical continuity with the distal tibia. Materials and Methods: Among 28 patients with a trimalleolar fracture who had undergone fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment between February 2005 and February 2010, 14 patients, who underwent an anterior incision cannulated screw fixation of posterior malleolar fragment and were followed-up for more than 2 years, were selected. The postoperative clinical and radiological findings immediately and at the 1- and 2-year follow-up were compared. The clinical findings were evaluated as American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. The radiological assessment was evaluated as the maintenance of reduction, period to bone union, and the presence of nonunion, malunion, and complications. Results: The clinical outcome by mean AOFAS score revealed 83.0 points in the group with preoperative displacement below 2 mm and 80.7 points in the group with preoperative displacement above 2 mm postoperatively. The mean AOFAS score was 91.7 and 93.1 points in the group with preoperative displacement below 2 mm on 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively, and 89.8 and 91.7 points in group with the preoperative displacement above 2 mm on 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively. After a 2-year follow-up among 14 cases selected for this study, 13 cases showed an excellent reduction state and only 1 case (7.1%) showed a displacement of more than 2 mm. No complication were encountered in the group with preoperative displacement below 2 mm. On the other hand, among 8 patients in the group with preoperative displacement above 2 mm, there were 3 with limitations of the range of motion of the ankle joint (37.5%) and 1 post-traumatic arthritis (12.5%) at the 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: Anterior incision cannulated screw fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment could be a valuable method for the treatment of trimalleolar fractures that provides satisfactory results.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2004

목적: 인라인 스케이트를 타던 중 발생한 골절상을 분석하여 골절의 분포 및 경향을 파악 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 9월부터 2003년 8월까지 1년간 인라인 스케이트를 타다가 골절이 발생하여 입원 가료 하였던 35명의 환자 중 최소 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 20명, 20례를 대상으로 환자의 성별, 연령분포, 부위별 빈도, 동반손상, 숙련도별 손상, 손상 유형 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 남자가 18명(90$\%$), 여자가 2명(10$\%$)이었고, 연령대별로는 활동성이 강한 연령층인 21$\~$30세 (6명 30$\%$), 31$\~$40세 (6명 30$\%$)의 순이었다. 결과: 상지골절이 12명(60$\%$)로 하지골절 8명(40$\%$)보다 많았다. 손상 부위별 빈도는 족관절부가 7례(35$\%$)로 가장 많았고, 전완부 4례(20$\%$), 수근부 4례(20$\%$), 주관절 3례(15$\%$), 대퇴부 1례(5%$\%$)의 순이었다. 족관절 골절 손상은 Lauge-Hansen 분류 상, 회외 -외회전 형이 4례로 가장 많았으며, 회외-외전 형이 2례, 회내-외회전 형이 1례였고, 전완부 골절손상과 수근부 골절 손상의 경우에는 요골 원위부 골절 3례, 요골-척골 골절 1례, 주상골 골절 2례, 중수골 골절 2례로 넘어질 때 손으로 짚으면서 발생한 골절의 양상이 많았다. 주관절 골절은 2례에서 과상부 골절이었고 1례에서는 외과 골절 이었다. 성장판 손상이 동반된 소아 골절 3례는 모두 Salt-Harris type II 였으며, 보존적 치료를 시행 하였다. 전체 골절 중 6례는 관절 내 골절 이었다. 동반 손상으로는 타박상이 8명 (42.11$\%$)으로 가장 많았고, 숙련도 별로는 인라인 스케이트를 시작한지 3개월 이내의 초보자들이 8명(40$\%$)으로 가장 많았고, 수상 형태로는 넘어짐과 같은 비접촉성 수상이 14명(70$\%$)으로 접촉성 수상(6명 30$\%$)보다 많았다. 11례 (55$\%$)가 수술적 치료를 받았으며, 9례(45$\%$)는 보존적 치료를 받았고, 추시 중에 특별한 합병증은 발생되지 않았다. 결론: 20$\~$30대의 젊은층의 초보자들에서 족관절부의 골절 손상이 가장 많았으므로, 이에 대한 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다

• 치과방사선
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiographic images of the condylar head in clinically normal subjects and the TMJ patients using standardized projection technique. 45 subjects who have not clinical evidence of TMJ problems and 96 patients who have the clinical evidence of TMJ problems were evaluated, but the patients who had fracture, trauma and tumor on TMJ area were discluded in this study. For the evaluation of radiographic images, the author has observed the condylar head positions in closed mouth and 2.54㎝ open mouth position taken by the standardized transcranial oblique lateral projection technique. The results were as follows: 1. In closed mouth position, the crest of condylar head took relatively posterior position to the deepest point of the glenoid fossa in 8.9 % of the normals and in 26.6% of TMJ patients. 2. In 2.54㎝ open mouth position, condylar head took relatively posterior position to the articular eminence in 2.2% of TMJ patients and 39.6% of the normals. 3. In open mouth position, the horizontal distance from the deepest point of the glenoid fossa to the condyla head was 13.96㎜ in the normals and 10.68㎜ in TMJ patients. 4. The distance of true movement of condyalr head was 13.49㎜ in the normals and l0.27㎜ in TMJ patients. 5. The deviation of mandible in TMJ patients was slightly greater than that of the normals.