• BMB Reports
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

The 12 kDa FK506-binding protein (FK506BP12), an immunosuppressor, modulates T cell activation via calcineurin inhibition. In this study, we investigated the ability of PEP-1-FK506BP12, consisting of FK506BP12 fused to the protein transduction domain PEP-1 peptide, to suppress catabolic responses in primary human chondrocytes and in a mouse carrageenan-induced paw arthritis model. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis showed that PEP-1-FK506BP12 efficiently penetrated chondrocytes and cartilage explants. In interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated chondrocytes, PEP-1-FK506BP12 significantly suppressed the expression of catabolic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -3, and -13 in addition to cyclooxygenase-2, at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas FK506BP12 alone did not. In addition, PEP-1-FK506BP12 decreased IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex (p38, JNK, and ERK) and the inhibitor kappa B alpha. In the mouse model of carrageenan-induced paw arthritis, PEP-1-FK506BP12 suppressed both carrageenan-induced MMP-13 production and paw inflammation. PEP-1-FK506BP12 may have therapeutic potential in the alleviation of OA progression. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(7): 407-412]

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the flexible joints and may also affect a number of tissues and organs. The progression of RA involves an inflammatory response of the capsule around the joint, swelling of synovial cells with excess synovial fluid (SF), and the development of fibrous tissue in the synovium. Since the progressive pathology of the disease often leads to the irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joint, early diagnosis of RA is essential. Thus, we undertook a comparative proteomic approach to investigate novel biomarkers for early diagnosis using SFs and serums from RA patients. As a result, we identified 32 differentially expressed spots in SFs and 34 spots in serums. The differential expression of the STEAP4 and ZNF 658 proteins were validated using immunoblotting of the SFs and serums, respectively. These data suggest that differentially expressed proteins in SFs and serums could be used as RA-specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of RA. Furthermore, these findings advance our understanding of the molecular etiopathogenesis of RA.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.8-8
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• 2018

Muscle atrophy, known as a sarcopenia, is defined as a loss of muscle mass resulting from a reduction in muscle fiber area or density due to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and an increase in protein breakdown. Many conditions are associated with muscle atrophy, such as aging, denervation, disuse, starvation, severe injury and inflammation, prolonged bed rest, glucocorticoid treatment, sepsis, cancer, and other cachectic diseases. On the other hand, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and is wide spread in the elderly population and is characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis. The cytokine network plays an important role in the development and progression of OA with the inflammatory cytokine. Schisandrae Fructus (SF) derived from the ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) has been extensively used in traditional herbal medicines in Asia. It was originally used as a tonic and has been traditionally used for the treatment of many uncomfortable symptoms, such as cough, dyspnea, dysentery, insomnia, and amnesia for a long time. Previous reports have shown that SF and its related compounds possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbial, antiseptic, anti-aging, hepatoprotective and immunostimulating effects. However, the therapeutic effects of SF on muscle atrophy and OA has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether extracts of SF, the dried fruit of S. chinensis, mitigates the development of muscle atrophy and OA.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 1994

Observation of elastic fiber's change of mouse TMJ due to several round factor, principally external stimulations, their influence on the TMJ structure's change and the analize of the consecutive evolution of the disease in most important. So, the author believe that the factor of TMJ feature is the elastic feature's change and it's the principal factor of the TMJ disease. For observation of the increase and disposition of elastic fiber that to regulate the elastic feature of tissue and allow it existence. For this propose, observation with histologic methods on 20mouse ICR of 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. The results were as follow : 1. In the early stage, the condyle of TMJ is originated from cartilage mass, and it's calcification is endochondral. 2. In the early stage, the disc is relatively thin and immature, but in the later stage the fiber is dense and the disposition is most functional. 3. Observation of the early stage, the elastic fiber is a thin fiber that to across antero- posterior direction, but in the later stage elastic fiber are developed, the disposition that in the early stage was perpendicular to articular surface, now in parallel. 4. The elastic fiber was observated most clearly in the retrodiscal tissue. 5. In conclusion, the elastic fiber is observed like a thin fiber 1 week from born, but the fiber to increase the weight and it dispose functionally, and 4 week from born, it can realize the normal function.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2022

The study aimed to understand the knee condition of patients with knee joint pain who visited an Korean Medicine hospital by performing musculoskeletal ultrasound. From July 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021, information on the gender, age, diagnosis, and ultrasound findings of knee joint pain patients were retrospectively collected. To examine the condition of the knee joint, images were taken in a total of three postures. All images were analyzed by an examiner. 7 cases of osteoarthritis, 1 case of medial collateral ligament rupture, and 1 case of quadriceps tendon calcification were collected. It was able to check the condition of articular cartilage, lipoma arborescens, and the formation of osteophytes through musculoskeletal ultrasound. The implementation of musculoskeletal ultrasound can enable Korean medicine doctors to give more active treatment for patients through accurate and scientific diagnosis. Based on more evidence, it is thought that the use of medical devices by Korean medicine doctors will need to be made in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis causes ankylosis of the spine due to ossification of the articular cartilage and ligaments around the vertebral body as well as the sacroiliac joint. This pathophysiology limits joint movement and, in many cases, causes pain and deformity of the spine. If this disease is left untreated, it ultimately causes ankylosis and ossification of the whole-body joints. The symptoms generally develop before age 30 years, and the gradual progression of the disease adversely affects the physical function, professional ability, and quality of life. This increases the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders, such as depression. The authors are aware of this severity and introduce recent trends and studies to prevent surgical treatment with various medications before systemic ossification. This paper presents various surgical treatments and complications in patients who were unable to prevent progression and underwent surgical treatment.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2021

Background: Local anesthetics often are used in rotator cuff tears as therapeutic tools, although some cases have reported that they have detrimental effects. Neurotropin (NTP) is used widely in Japan as a treatment for various chronic pain conditions and is shown to have protective effects on cartilage and nerve cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of NTP against lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity. Methods: Tenocytes from rotator cuff tendons were incubated with lidocaine, NTP, lidocaine with NTP, and a control medium. Cell viability was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected via annexin V staining using flow cytometry. The expression of BCL-2 and cytochrome c, which are involved in the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, was evaluated via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: In the cell viability assay, lidocaine decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and NTP did not affect cell viability. Moreover, NTP significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effect of lidocaine. The flow cytometry analysis showed that lidocaine significantly induced apoptosis in tenocytes, and NTP considerably inhibited this lidocaine-induced apoptosis. Western blotting experiments showed that lidocaine decreased the protein expression of BCL-2, and that NTP conserved the expression of BCL-2, even when used with lidocaine. Immunohistochemical staining for cytochrome c showed that 0.1% lidocaine increased cytochrome c-positive cells, and NTP suppressed lidocaine-induced cytochrome c expression. Conclusions: NTP suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of tenocytes by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Intra-articular/bursal injection of NTP with lidocaine could protect tenocytes in rotator cuff tendons against lidocaine-induced apoptosis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Objectives The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Youngseonjeatonguem (靈仙除痛飮, YSJTU) was evaluated in a cellular model using RAW264.7 macrophages, which are involved in osteoarthritis (OA), and an animal model using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and a possible mechanism of anti-arthritic actions of YSJTU was presented. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-𝛼, interleukin [IL]-1𝛽, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [NO] and prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]) was determined by ELISA and Griess assay, respectively. Western blot was performed to determine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. OA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joint of SD rats. Results In RAW264.7 macrophages, YSJTU reduced LPS-induced production of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6. In addition, YSJTU inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 expression. In SD rats, YSJTU improved MIA-induced OA by reducing swelling, skin heat, and cartilage degradation. In addition, YSJTU reduced serum levels of TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and IL-6, along with its significant decrease in serum levels of NO and PGE2. Conclusions These results suggest that YSJTU may exert anti-arthritic effect, at least in part, by inhibiting macrophage-mediated joint inflammation.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2023

Traditionally, arthroscopic microfracture and autologous osteochondral autograft transplantation have been the primary surgical treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus. On the other hand, recent advancements have introduced alternative approaches, such as autologous chondrocyte transplantation, matrix-derived autologous chondrocyte transplantation, intra-articular injection of concentrated bone marrow aspirate concentrate, and the use of fibrin glue to address chondral defects. Furthermore, some studies have explored a combination of bone marrow aspirate and matrix-derived chondrogenesis. In light of these developments, this report presents a case study of a young male patient in his early twenties with a relatively large osteochondral lesion exceeding 1.5 cm² on the medial talar dome. Instead of removing the osteochondral lesion, a surgical approach was employed to retain the lesion while addressing the unstable cartilage in the affected area. This approach involved a combination of bone marrow aspirate concentrate and matrix-derived chondrogenesis. The treatment yielded favorable clinical outcomes and ultimately successfully induced the bony union of osteochondral lesions. This paper reports the author's experience with this innovative approach with a review of the relevant literature.