• Title/Summary/Keyword: Arteriovenous Malformations

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Congenital Intracranial Vascular Malformations in Children : Radiological Overview

  • Jung-Eun Cheon;Ji Hye Kim
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.270-279
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    • 2024
  • Prompt medical attention is crucial for congenital intracranial vascular malformations in children and newborns due to potential severe outcomes. Imaging is pivotal for accurate identification, given the diverse risks and treatment strategies. This article aims to enhance the identification and understanding of congenital intracranial vascular abnormalities including arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, cavernous malformation, capillary telangiectasia, developmental venous anomaly, and sinus pericranii in pediatric patients.

Intraosseous Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pediatric Patient - A Case Report - (소아 환아의 경골 내에 발생한 동정맥 기형 - 1예 보고 -)

  • Park, Soo-Sung;Lee, Jong-Seok;Yoon, Hyun-Ki;Chung, Ho-Wook
    • The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2008
  • More than half of the reported cases of congenital arteriovenous malformations involve the extremities. However, these are predominantly arteriovenous malformations of soft tissues. There are few studies on intraosseous arteriovenous malformations. The clinical features of vascular malformations are not well defined, but are likely to be extremely diverse. So, it is not easy to diagnose exactly and treat intraosseous arteriovenous malformations. The authors noted intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of tibia in a child and had a good result by the use of ethanol embolization. Therefore we include those results along with the literature review.

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A Review of the Current State and Future Directions for Management of Scalp and Facial Vascular Malformations

  • Emma Hartman;Daniel M. Balkin;Alfred Pokmeng See
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.315-325
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    • 2024
  • Vascular malformations are structural abnormalities that are thought to result from errors in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during embryogenesis. Vascular malformations of the scalp present unique management challenges due to aesthetic and functional implications. This review examines the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management techniques for six common types of vascular malformations of the face and scalp : infantile hemangioma, capillary malformations, venous malformations, lymphatic malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and arteriovenous fistulas. These lesions range from common to rare, and have very different natural histories and management paradigms. There has been increasing understanding of the molecular pathways that are altered in association with these vascular lesions and these molecular targets may represent novel strategies of treating lesions that have historically been approached from a structural perspective only.

Pediatric Cerebral Vascular Malformations : Current and Future Perspectives

  • Edward R. Smith
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.326-332
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    • 2024
  • Intracranial vascular malformations typically encountered by pediatric neurosurgeons include arteriovenous malformations, vein of Galen malformations and cavernous malformations. While these remain amongst some of the most challenging lesions faced by patients and caregivers, the past decade has produced marked advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions, with concomitant innovations in treatment. This article will highlight present and future perspectives relevant to these diseases, with a focus on an emerging approach utilizing disease-specific mutations to develop a novel taxonomy for these conditions.

Management of Pediatric Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations

  • Alfred Pokmeng See;Edward R. Smith
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.289-298
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    • 2024
  • Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are challenging lesions managed by pediatric neurosurgeons. The high risk of hemorrhage and neurologic injury is compounded by the unique anatomy of each malformation that requires individualizing treatment options. This article reviews the current status of pediatric AVM epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical care, with a specific focus on the rationale and methodology of surgical resection.

Natural history and clinical manifestation of Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

  • Adikarige Haritha Dulanka Silva;Greg James
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.280-288
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    • 2024
  • Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are aberrant arteriovenous shunts through a vascular nidus with no intervening capillary beds. They are one of the commonest causes of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in children and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in cases of rupture. Treatment strategies include microsurgical resection, endovascular embolisation, stereotactic radiosurgery, multimodality treatment with a combination thereof, and particularly in high-grade bAVMs, conservative management. Clinicians involved in treating bAVMs need to have familiarity with the natural history pertaining to bAVMs in terms of risk of rupture, risk factors elevating rupture risk as well as understanding the clinical manifestations of bAVMs. This invited review serves to provide a synthesis on natural history and clinical presentation of bAVMs with particular focus in children to inform decision-making pertaining to management.

A Case Report of Arteriovenous Malformation on the Chest Wall (흉벽에 발생한 동정맥기형 -1례 보고-)

  • 박성용;심성보
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.802-806
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    • 1996
  • Arteriovenous malformations are vascular anomalies containing a communication between artery and vein without an intervening capillary bed and also are the most dangerous of vascular malformations being hemodynamically active. Treatment must be careful usually limited and considered in the phase of activity of hemodynamics. The patient was 29-year-old female and had no specific signs and symptoms except buldging, pal- pable mass on the right posterolateral chest wall from several years ago and it was gradually growing from that time. The operation was done with ligation of the right 9th, 1 Oth intercostal arteries and dissection from other normal tissues and then excised the arteriovenous malformation mass and its feeding vessels. The pathologic result was arteriovenous malformation.

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Interventional radiography in management of high-flow arteriovenous malformation of maxilla: report of a case

  • Khambete, Neha;Risbud, Mukund;Mehta, Nikit
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 2011
  • Arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare conditions in that can result from abnormalities in the structure of blood vessels, which may be potentially fatal. A 30-year-old female patient visited our hospital with a complaint of swelling on the right maxillary posterior gingiva along with the large port-wine stain on right side of face. On clinical examination, the swelling was compressible and pulsatile. Radiographic examination revealed a lytic lesion of maxilla. Diagnostic angiography revealed a high-flow arteriovenous malformation of maxilla which was treated by selective transarterial embolization of maxillary artery using polyvinyl alcohol particles.

Clinical Experiences of Arteriovenous Fistula on The Face (안면부에 발생한 동정맥루의 치험례)

  • Choi, Soo Jong;Oh, Heung Chan;Bae, Yong Chan;Nam, Su Bong;Moon, Jae Sul;Oh, Chang Keun;Kim, Chang Won
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.399-402
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: Arteriovenous fistula is one of high flow vascular malformations. Recently, arteriovenous fistula has been regarded as one of the type of arteriovenous malformations. The patients were diagnosed as arteriovenous malformation Schobinger clinical stage II. Even though arteriovenous fistula rarely occurs on head and neck, treatment of that is difficult due to frequent recurrence. In treating the arteriovenous fistula, chemical embolization, surgical excision and other treatment modalities were used, but the results were not satisfactory. The authors experienced three cases of arteriovenous fistula and treated them with surgical excision. Methods: In cases, warmth, enlargement, pulsation, thrill, and bruit were found. For the accurate evaluation before the operation, angiography and MRI were checked in advance. Incision was made on the site of pulsation. The artery and vein connected to the arteriovenous fistula were dissected widely, individually ligated, and divided. And then the entire mass was totally removed. Results: All surgical sites were healed well without complications and there was no evidence of recurrence in all cases up to for 2 years of follow-up examination. Conclusion: The arteriovenous fistula on face is a very rare disease and has difficulties in treatment. The authors experienced three cases of arteriovenous fistula with complete surgical removal and no recurrence was found in all cases.

Treatment of Facial Arteriovenous Malformations by Embolization: A Case Report (색전술에 의한 안면부 동정맥 기형의 치료 : 증례 보고)

  • Jeongyeon, Kim;Hyunsoo, Lim;Okhyung, Nam;Hyo-seol, Lee;Sungchul, Choi;Misun, Kim
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.228-233
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    • 2022
  • Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital anomalies characterized by direct communication between arteries and veins that bypass the capillary bed. AVMs may not manifest clinically until late infancy or childhood. In particular, facial AVMs can cause urgent life-threatening dental events. A 5-year-old girl without a medical history visited the hospital because of spontaneous gingival bleeding around the posterior gingival area of the lower left 2nd primary molar. Angiography through the femoral approach under general anesthesia was performed for differential diagnosis and therapeutic option. The blood flow was effectively reduced after arterial embolization alone, and there was no evidence of recurrence at the 5-month follow-up. The present study reports that embolization of the affected vessels can be a more effective and safe method than surgical resection for the treatment of AVM during the growth period.