• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

We introduce a queueing system with general arrival stream and exponential service time under the N-policy, where customers may renege during idle period and arrival rates may vary according to the server's status. Probability distributions of the lengths of idle period and busy period are derived using absorbing Markov chain approach and a method to obtain the optimal control policy that minimizes long-run expected operating cost per unit time is provided. Numerical analysis is done to illustrate and characterize the method.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

Purpose: Open extremity fractures require prompt antibiotic medication and initial debridement surgery to reduce the infection rate and restore functional stabilization. We aimed to report the effects and positive outcomes of a trauma team approach on the management of open extremity fractures in polytrauma patients. Methods: This retrospective review included all polytrauma patients with open extremity fractures admitted between March 2009 and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were treated before or after the implementation of the trauma team approach (March 2014). We analyzed the outcomes in each group with respect to the time interval until the doctor's arrival, total length of stay in the emergency department, the time interval until initial antibiotic treatment and operation, whether the initial operation was performed within 24 hours, and the rate of deep infections. Results: A total of 123 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics. The time interval until the doctor's arrival (64.12±49.2 minutes vs. 19.82±15.23 minutes; p=0.035) and initial antibiotic treatment (115.47±72.12 minutes vs. 48.78±30.12 minutes; p=0.023) significantly improved after implementing the trauma team approach. The union rate was not significantly different. However, the time interval until initial debridement, opportunity for initial debridement within 24 hours, and the rate of deep infections demonstrated better results. Conclusions: The reduced time interval until initial antibiotic treatment and debridement could be attributed to the positive effect of the trauma team approach on the management of open extremity fractures in polytrauma patients.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 이산시간 마코비안 도착과정(discrete-time Markovian arrival process, 이하 이산시간 MAP)을 갖는 대기행렬시스템의 주요성능척도들을 분석하기 위한 통합적 접근방법을 제시한다. 기존의 이산시간 MAP/G/1 대기행렬시스템의 연구들을 보면 동일한 시스템에 대하여 시스템 내 고객수와 대기시간 등을 분석할 때 서로 다른 방법으로 접근하였기에 이 둘을 동시에 살펴보고자 할 때는 추가적인 시간과 노력이 뒤따랐다. 따라서 하나의 시스템을 여러 방면에서 포괄적으로 분석할 수 있는 통합적인 접근방법은 시스템을 설계하고 관리하는 입장에서 볼 때 중요한 분석의 틀이 된다. 본 논문에서는 이산시간 MAP/G/1 시스템의 안정상태 일량 분포를 유도하고 이를 이용하여 임의고객의 대기시간, 체재시간 분포를 유도한다. 체재시간 분포로부터 이탈시점 고객수 분포를 구하고 이탈시점 고객수와 임의시점 고객수와의 관계로부터 고객수 분포를 유도한다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권1_2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2008

In this paper, we consider an insurance risk model governed by a compound Binomial arrival claim process and by a compound Binomial arrival premium process. Some formulas for the probabilities of ruin and the distribution of ruin time are given, we also prove the integral equation of the ultimate ruin probability and obtain the Lundberg inequality by the discrete martingale approach.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.980-988
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 트래픽올 갖는 B-ISBN의 스위치/멀티플렉서 등에서 중요한 파라메타로 결정되는 버퍼 크기에 대한 트래픽의 성능을 분석하였다. 멀티미디어 트래픽은 포아송 분포 트래픽, 그리고 기하분포와 지수 분포의 ON 시간 주기 (버스트 분포)를 갖는 버 스트 트래픽이 혼합되는 트래픽으로 모델링 하였다. 멀티미디어 트래픽으로 모델링한 트래픽에 대해서 성능을 분석하고 양질의 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 셀손실률에 대한 버퍼의 크기를 제시 하였다. 시뮬레이션은 PC SIMSCRIPT II.5를 이용하였고 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 PREAMBLE, MAIN, INITIAL, ARRIVAL., DEPARTURE및 STOP·SIM의 모듈로 구성하였다. 특히 혼합된 트래픽의 시뮬레이션에서는 ARRIVAL모듈을 I, II로 나누고 셀을 각각의 모듈에서 독립적으로 발생시켜 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델링은 이벤트 스케줄링 (Event Scheduling) 방식을 적용하여 시행하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

In large station with high density traffic, trains can be hardly controlled by CTC but by station dispatcher because CTC has difficulties in monitoring all states of affairs happening within each station such as departures, arrivals of many trains from different lines and shunting of trains to move between yards and platforms, etc. Therefore the station's dispatcher has to make quick decision about how to reschedule the times and routes for all the trains scheduled within a specific time window. And such decision becomes harder when an unexpected delay occurs because a delay occurring in a train propagates other trains as time goes on. Generally, it is called the conflict detection and resolution to adjust beforehand the distorted schedule due to a delay to original schedule. Our research is different from the state of the arts in that ours determines simultaneously the routes and the times of arrival and departure of trains, although others do only the arrival and departure time of the trains without considering the alternative routes and shunting of the station. This study suggests a mathematical approach for how to detect in advance and resolve efficiently the conflicts occurring within a station and it will be shown how to reduce delay using our approach by means of analysing the schedule of ChyungRyangRi station.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 1996

We present an approximate algorithmic approach for the m-server fork-join queueing system with infinite queue capacity. We analyze the system size and queue waiting time. We assume Poisson arrival process and independent exponential service times.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

Purpose: The major pelvic trauma results in high mortality with associated fatal other injuries. During early stage of resuscitation, multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the survival and outcomes. This study aims to report the effect and positive outcome of the trauma team approach on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture. Methods: This retrospective review included all patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture admitted between March 2007 and December 2015. Patients were divided into group A, which comprised those admitted before the trauma team approach was started, and group B, which comprised those admitted after the approach was started. The advanced trauma life support protocol was followed for all patient. The comparisons between the two groups were based on medical records. Study variables included demographics, initial vital sign, injury severity score, fracture type, and injury mechanism. We analyzed the outcomes in each group with respect to the time interval for doctors' arrival, total length of stay in the emergency department (ED), time interval for computed tomography evaluation, 24-hour mortality, time interval for definitive fixation, and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity. Results: Fifty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences in demographic data existed between the two groups. The time interval for doctors' arrival (min, $63.09{\pm}50.48$ vs $21.48{\pm}17.75$; p=0.038) and total length of stay in the ED (min, $269.33{\pm}105.96$ vs $115.49{\pm}56.24$; p=0.023) were significantly improved. The 24-hour mortality was not significantly different between the two groups.(%, 14.3 vs 12.0; p=1.000) However, the time interval for definitive fixation and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity showed better results. Conclusion: The trauma team approach has positive effects, which include initial resuscitation through multidisciplinary approach and shortening the time interval to definitive fixation, on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2016

This paper is the first of its kind using a non-linear approach based on cross-correlation function (CCF) to investigate the information arrival hypothesis in crude palm oil (CPO) futures market. Based on daily data from 1986 to 2010, our empirical results reveal that: First, the volume of volatility is not a proxy of information flow. Second, dependence causality running from current return to future volume in conditional variance exhibit an asymmetric pattern of time span with different signs of correlation between price and volume series. This finding indicates the presence of noise traders' hypothesis of price-volume interaction in CPO futures market. Both findings suggest that this futures market is weak-form inefficiency. In terms of investors' behavior, they tend to change their expectations on current return based on errors made in previous trade in generating abnormal volume in the subsequent period. As implied, it is advisable for the investors devise their future trading strategies according to time span and changes of return.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2016

The departure flow management is the planning tool to optimize the schedule of the departure aircraft and allows them to join smoothly into the overhead traffic flow. To that end, the arrival time prediction to the merge point for the cruising aircraft is necessary to determined. This paper proposes a trajectory prediction model for the cruising aircraft based on the machine learning approach. The proposed method includes the trajectory vectored from the procedural route and is applied to the historical data to evaluate the prediction performances.