• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2015

For probing magnetic fields in the universe, rotation measure (RM) have been often used. RM allows us to obtain the information of integrated (or averaged) magnetic fields along a line of sight (LOS). On the other hand, the new technique so-called Faraday tomography will be used in practical in the near future thanks to the wide-band polarimetry by Square kilometre Array and/or its precursors. The technique allows us to obtain so-called Faraday dispersion function (FDF). FDF is the distribution function of magnetic fields and polarized sources along a LOS. Because of this fact, it is expected that the studies of magnetic fields associated with various astronomical objects will progress dramatically. Since FDF also includes information of cosmic-rays and thermal electrons, the investigation of FDF may advance the studies of dynamics of external galaxies and/or the star formation activities. We have studied the potentials of Faraday tomography such as a tool to probe the intergalactic magnetic field associated with filaments of galaxies in the large scale structure. We have also studied the realistic FDFs of galaxies for understanding global magnetic field, cosmic-ray and thermal electrons of external galaxies. In the talk, we briefly introduce the Faraday tomography technique and report the results related to the Faraday tomography.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.432-443
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• 2005

Microarray technology has contributed Significantly to the understanding of bacterial genetics and transcriptional regulation. One neglected aspect of this technology has been optimization of microarray-generated signals and quality of generated information. Full genome microarrays were developed for Clostridium acetobutylicum through spotting of PCR products that were designed with minimal homology with all other genes within the genome. Using statistical analyses it is demonstrated that Signal quality is significantly improved by increasing the hybridization volume. possibly increasing the effective number of transcripts available to bind to a given spot, while changes in labeled probe amounts were found to be less sensitive to improving signal quality. In addition to Q-RT-PCR, array validation was tested by examining the transcriptional program of a mutant (M5) strain lacking the pSOL1 178-gene megaplasmid relative to the wildtype (WT) strain. Under optimal conditions, it is demonstrated that the fraction of false positive genes is 1% when considering differentially expressed genes and 7% when considering all genes with signal above background. To enhance genomic-scale understanding of organismal physiology, using data from these microarrays we estimated that $40{\sim}55%$ of the C. acetobutylicum genome is expressed at any time during batch culture, similar to estimates made for Bacillus subtilis.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2010

A novel method to characterize the topology of the early-universe intergalactic medium during the epoch of cosmic reionization is presented. The 21-cm radiation background from high redshift is analyzed through calculation of the 2-dimensional (2D) genus. The radiative transfer of hydrogen-ionizing photons and ionization-rate equations are calculated in a suite of numerical simulations under various input parameters. The 2D genus is calculated from the mock 21-cm images of high-redshift universe. We construct the 2D genus curve by varying the threshold differential brightness temperature, and compare this to the 2D genus curve of the underlying density field. We find that (1) the 2D genus curve reflects the evolutionary track of cosmic reionization and (2) the 2D genus curve can discriminate between certain reionization scenarios and thus indirectly probe the properties of radiation-sources. Choosing the right beam shape of a radio antenna is found crucial for this analysis. Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is found to be a suitable apparatus for this analysis in terms of sensitivity, even though some deterioration of the data for this purpose is unavoidable under the planned size of the antenna core.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute an important class of drug targets and are involved in every aspect of human physiology including sleep regulation, blood pressure, mood, food intake, perception of pain, control of cancer growth, and immune response. Radiometric assays have been the classic method used during the search for potential therapeutics acting at various GPCRs for most GPCR-based drug discovery research programs. An increasing number of diverse small molecules, together with novel GPCR targets identified from genomics efforts, necessitates the use of high-throughput assays with a good sensitivity and specificity. Currently, a wide array of high-throughput tools for research on GPCRs is available and can be used to study receptor-ligand interaction, receptor driven functional response, receptor-receptor interaction,and receptor internalization. Many of the assay technologies are based on luminescence or fluorescence and can be easily applied in cell based models to reduce gaps between in vitro and in vivo studies for drug discovery processes. Especially, cell based models for GPCR can be efficiently employed to deconvolute the integrated information concerning the ligand-receptor-function axis obtained from label-free detection technology. This review covers various platform technologies used for the research of GPCRs, concentrating on the principal, non-radiometric homogeneous assay technologies. As current technology is rapidly advancing, the combination of probe chemistry, optical instruments, and GPCR biology will provide us with many new technologies to apply in the future.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2013

원거리 초음파검사에서는 송신 혹은 수신 방향성 조종을 위해 보통 1/4 파장의 일정한 간격을 갖는 다수의 동일한 변환기들로 구성된 위상배열 탐촉자를 사용한다. 본 논문은 이 변환기 간격에 기인한 위상차를 보상한 후 구성 수신 신호들을 더하는 과정에서 그 출력신호와 함께 그 입력신호들을 시스템모니터에 나타냄으로써 개별 에코들의 진행방향을 실시간으로 식별할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이 구성 에코들의 보강간섭은 의도된 방향으로 진행한 정방향 에코를 가리키고 반대로 상쇄간섭은 의도된 것과 반대방향으로 진행한 역방향 에코를 암시한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2005

The mechanism of ballast-flying phenomena by strong wind induced by high-speed trains has extensively been investigated by conducting wind tunnel test and field-measuring of wind velocity in the vicinity of the track. The ballast gathered from the Seoul-Busan high-speed railway track has been classified by mass and shape to find relationship between those properties and the characteristic of movement in high wind and 16-channel Kiel-probe array has been used to examine the detailed flow structure above the surface of the track. The probability of ballast-flying during the passage of the high-speed train has been assessed comparing the results from wind tunnel test and that from field-measuring. The results shows that when the G7 train runs well as the KTX train runs at 300km/h, about 25m/s wind gust is induced just above the tie and the probability far small ballast under 50g to fly is about 50％ when it is on the tie. If the G7 train runs at 350km/h, the wind gust just above the tie increases to 30m/s, therefore radical countermeasure seems to be needed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33.1-33.1
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• 2013

Galaxies undergo various processes in the cluster environment, which could affect their evolution. In particular, ram pressure due to intracluster medium (ICM) can effectively remove HI gas, which is a relatively diffuse form of interstellar medium (ISM). On the other hand, molecular gas is not expected to get easily stripped as atomic gas since it is denser and sitting well within the stellar disk in a deeper potential well. However, cluster galaxies are found to be redder and more passive in star formation activity compared to their field counterpart. This implies that molecular gas may also get affected somehow in dense environments. In this work, we investigate molecular gas properties of a sample of galaxies undergoing HI stripping due to the ICM. We present the 12/13 CO (2-1) data of four spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster at different ram pressure stripping stages, obtained using the Sub Millimeter Array (SMA). CO morphology of the sample appears to be highly asymmetric and disturbed. Using the ratio of different lines, we probe the molecular gas temperature in different regions. We find higher gas temperature than the range normally found among field galaxies. We discuss how these distinct molecular gas properties may affect star formation and hence the evolution of the cluster galaxy population.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2005

In this study, the performance of a portable NIR system and a FT NIR spectrometer were compared to determine water content of hairless mouse skin. The stratum corneum parts wer e separated from the epidermal tissues by trypsin solution. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra of hairless mouse skin were acquired using a fiber optic probe. In the near infrared, water molecules show two clear absorption bands at 1450 nm from first overtone of O-H stretching and 1940 nm from the combination involving O-H stretching and O-H deformation. It was found that the variations of O-H absorption band according to water content. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to develop a calibration model. The PLS model showed a good correlation between NIR predicted value and the absolute water content of separated hairless mouse skin, in vitro. For both the portable and the FT NIR spectrometer, These studies showed the possibility of a rapid and nondestructive skin moisture measurement using NIR spectroscopy. The portable NIR spectrometer with a photodiode arrays-microsensor could be more rapidly applied for the determination of water content with comparable accuracy with the performance of a FT spectrometer .

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.476-476
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• 2010

유도 결합 플라즈마 (ICP)는 축전 결합 플라즈마 (CCP) 보다 상대적으로 높은 밀도의 플라즈마를 발생시킬 수 있다. 또한 구조가 간단하고 기존 스퍼터링 장치의 내부에 추가 설치가 용이하며, 스퍼터된 입자의 이온화, 반응성 가스의 활성화를 위한 2차 플라즈마원으로 적용이 가능하다. 그러나 대면적의 고밀도 플라즈마의 균일도 측정은 고가의 2D probe array등을 사용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 간단한 CCD camera를 챔버 내부에 삽입하여 가시광 영역의 적분 강도를 이용해서 플라즈마의 2차원적 균일도를 정성적으로 비교 판단하고 시간에 따른 국부적인 이상 방전을 감시할 수 있도록 내장형 무선 카메라를 사용하였다. 직경 380 mm의 챔버 내에 2 turn ICP antenna를 이용하여 유도 결합 플라즈마를 발생시켰다(Ar 30 sccm, 35 mTorr, 2 MHz, 400 W). 내장형 무선 카메라를 챔버 내부 중앙의 ICP antenna에서 8 cm 아래에 위치시켜 플라즈마를 진공 중에서 촬영하였다. 내장형 무선 카메라를 챔버 내부에 위치하여 촬영한 결과 외부에서 view port로 쉽게 확인할 수 없는 ICP antenna 내부의 고밀도 플라즈마의 불균일도를 평가할 수 있었고, ICP antenna 가장자리에서 중심으로 이동할수록 밝아지는 것을 토대로 중심 영역의 plasma 밀도가 가장 높다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 채도와 명도의 차이를 이용하여 시각적인 플라즈마 균일도를 분석하였으며 이를 플라즈마 모델링 기능이 있는 전산 유체 역학 프로그램인 CFD ACE+를 이용하여 플라즈마 분포를 모델링 및 비교하였다. 또한 인라인 타입의 마그네트론 스퍼터링 시스템에서 기판 캐리어에 무선 카메라를 장착하여 이동하면서 캐리어와 마그네트론 방전 공간의 상대적인 위치에 따른 마그네트론 방전링의 형상 변화도 관찰하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.59.2-59.2
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• 2019

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) aims to resolve the innermost region to the super massive black hole (SMBH) with its extremely high angular resolution (~20-25 uas) and enhanced sensitivity (down to 1-10 mJy) in concert with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 1.3 mm wavelength. This has a great importance as the first observational probe of the black hole shadow which has been theoretically predicted as a ring-like emission affected by the general relativistic effect under a strong gravitational field of SMBH. During the 2017 April 5-11, four nights of EHT observing campaign were carried out towards its primary targets, M87 and $SgrA{\ast}$. To robustly ensure the data processing, independent pipelines for various radio data calibration softwares (e.g., AIPS, HOPS, CASA) have been developed and cross-compared each other. The EHT has also been developing newer interferometric imaging techniques (e.g., eht-imaging-library, SMILI, dynamical imaging), as well as using an established method (CLEAN). With these, the EHT has designed various strategies which will be adopted for convincing imaging results. In this talk, I review how the robustness of EHT data processing and imaging will be validated so that the results can be ensured against well known uncertainties or biases in the interferometric data calibration and imaging.