• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2000

Several types of bioluminescent reporter strains have been developed for the detection and monitoring of pollutant aromatics contaminating the environment. In this study, a bioluminescent reporter strain, E. coli SHP3, was constructed by fusing the luc gene of firefly luciferase with the promoter of pcbC responsible for the meta-cleavage of aromatic hydrocarbons. the bioluminescence expressed by the luc gene in the reporter was well triggered by the promoter when it was exposed to 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyI (2,3-DHBP) at 0.5 to 1 mM concentrations. The bioluminescent response was more extensive when the reporter strain was exposed to 5 mM catechol and 2 mM 4-chlorocatechol. These different types of bioluminescent responses by E. coli SHP3 appeared to be characterized by the nature of the aromatics to stress. Since E. coli SHP3 responded to 2,3-DHBP quite sensitively, this reporter strain could be applied for detecting some catecholic pollutants.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2018

This study measured indoor and outdoor levels of hydrocarbon volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (collectively referred to as BTEX), as well as 13 carbonyl compounds, at 20 homes in Seoul, South Korea. Along with the sampling of BTEX and carbonyls, indoor concentrations of the air pollutants nitrogen oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were also measured at each home. These measurements were used to understand the characteristics of BTEX and carbonyls by calculating the various ratios and correlation coefficients between measured contaminant levels. We found that carbonyls were mostly originated from indoor sources, while BTEX were originated from both indoor and outdoor sources. A high correlation between indoor levels of NO and BTEX indicated that traffic emissions were also an important sources of BTEX.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2009

Micropollutants, which can be caused by imperfect combustion, are toxic chemical compound that flows into the river system after being contained in road runoff, a non-point source pollutant and accumulates in the body. The micropollutants that have characteristics such as toxicity, persistence, bio-accumulation, long-range transportation behave so similarly to micro particles that they can be removed by means of filtration or absorption. This study has examined the kinds and concentrations of micropollutants contained in deposited road particles. It has revealed that the kinds of micropollutants contained in the clarified supernatant liquid of deposited road particles are heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) composed of two or three benzene rings, including naphthalene and acenaphthalene. Their concentrations have been shown to be low, with 0.418 mg/L, 0.058 mg/L, 0.104 mg/L, 0.014 mg/L, 0.00075 mg/L for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, respectively and 0.00156 mg/L and 0.00184 mg/L for naphthalene and acenaphthalene.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2005

In this study, the concentrations of major odorous compounds including reduced sulfur compounds (OMS, CS$_2$, and DMDS) and aromatic VOC (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) were measured continuously using an on-line GC analytical system. Our measurements were made from a residential area of Ansan sity during about two week period of October, 2004. The highest mean concentrations of Sand VOC were found as 56.9 pbb of DMS and 21.7 ppb of toluene, respectively. The results of this study generally show that the pollution levels for both types of chemicals are significant relative to previous measurement results reported from comparable sites, if the results are compared simply in terms of the magnitude of the measured concentration data. Moreover, when the relative importance of different compounds is compared in terms of the odor strength, it indicated that the contribution of reduced S compounds may be much more important than that of VOC in the study area.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2007

Chloroanilines are aromatic amines used as intermediate products in the synthesis of herbicides, azo-dyes, and pharmaceuticals. 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) is the degradation product of some herbicides (diuron, propanil, and linuron) and of trichlorocarbanilide, a chemical used as an active agent in the cosmetic industry. The compound, however, is considered a potential pollutant due to its toxicity and recalcitrant property to humans and other species. With the increasing necessity for bioremediation, we sought to isolate bacteria that degraded 3,4-DCA. A bacterium capable of growth on 3,4-DCA as the sole carbon source was isolated from seaside sediment using a dilution method with a culture enriched in 3,4-DCA. The isolated strain, YM-7 was identified to be Pseudomonas sp. The isolated strain was also able to degrade other chloroaniline compounds. The isolated strain showed a high level of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity on exposure to 3,4-DCA, suggesting that this enzyme is an important factor in 3,4-DCA degradation. The activity toward 4-methylcatechol was 53.1% that of catechol, while the activity toward 3-methylcatechol, 4-chlorocatechol and 4,5-chlorocatechol was 18.1, 33.1, and 6.9%, respectively.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

환경오염은 인간의 건강, 삶의 질 또는 생태계의 자연적 기능을 방해하는 물질로 지구 환경을 오염시키는 것으로 정의된다. 환경 스트레스 요인에 장기간 반복적으로 노출되면 피부의 정상적인 방어 잠재력을 초과할 때마다 피부 장벽 기능에 장애가 생겨 다양한 피부 질환이 발병하게 된다. 피부에 영향을 미치는 주요 대기오염물질은 다환 방향족 탄화수소, 휘발성 유기화합물, 질소산화물, 미세먼지, 담배 연기, 중금속, 비소 등이다. 이들 물질의 피부 흡수는 피부 표면의 대기오염물질의 침적, 표피 지질 구성, 표피를 통한 혈관 확산에 의해 이루어진다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

다환방향족 탄화수소(PAHs)와 중금속의 거동은 주로 토양 및 퇴적물내의 다양한 성분과의 상호 반응에 의해 결정된다. 토양구성 성분중 스멕타이트는 양적으로 풍부하고 큰 표면적을 가지고 있어서 오염물의 거동에 커다란 영향을 끼친다. 본 실험에서, 헥사데실트리메틸암모니움(HDTMA)으로 표면개질된 스멕타이트로 다환방향족 탄화수소에 대한 흡착 실험을 실시하였을 때, 헥사데실트리메틸암모니움의 첨가량에 따라 선형적으로 오염물의 흡착량이 증가하였다. 그러나, 트리메틸암모니움(TMA)으로 표면개질된 스멕타이트는 헥사데실트리메틸암모니움이나 도데실트리메틸암모니움(DTMA)으로 표면개질된 스멕타이트보다 다환방향족 탄화수소의 흡착능력이 떨어졌다. 한편, 동일한 스멕타이트로 물속에 존재하는 카드뮴을 제거하는 실험에서 계면활성제의 첨가량이 많지 않을 때는 카드뮴 흡착량이 높았으나, 계면활성제의 첨가량이 증가하면서 반대로 카드뮴의 흡착량은 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 유기점토에 의한 유기 혹은 무기오염물 흡착 경향성이 점토에 첨가되는 계면활성제의 크기와 첨가량에 의해 크게 좌우됨을 보여준다. 이것은 다시 말해, 계면활성제의 첨가량에 따라 점토광물 층간에 형성되는 양이온성 계면활성제의 안정성과 배열 구조가 환경 오염물들의 효과적인 제거를 결정하는 중요한 요소임을 의미한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2007

본 연구는 토양오염의 공간적 확산 및 거동을 이해하기 위한 측정방법을 고찰하고, 토양공극수 채취와 해석에 관한 사례연구이다. 이를 위해서 석유계 탄화수소로 오염된 대표적인 국내 유류오염부지 토양내 PAH류(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)의 오염 확산과 거동을 정량하기 위한 심도별 토양공극수의 추출장치를 구성하고, 불포화층과 포화층의 토양수를 분석하여 오염물질의 거동을 해석하였다. 토양공극수 추출장치는 공극수 추출용 압력펌프와 토양공극수 추출부로 구성되고, 토양수분장력과 추출압력을 동시에 측정하며 심도별로 토양공극수를 채취하도록 구성하였다. PAH류 오염물질은 추출압력과 시간에 따른 주변 토양공극수의 유입에 의한 희석에 의해서 농도가 낮아졌다. 특히, 추출 심도에 따라 토양의 산화환원전위의 영향에 의해 불포화층의 산화환경에서 포화층의 환원환경보다 자연저감정도가 높았다. 따라서 토양수분장력의 세기에 따라 강한 토양수분장력의 모세관수와 약한 장력의 중력수에 해당하는 토양공극수를 추출함으로써 토양공극수의 평형과 비평형정도를 해석할 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2004

While more attention has been paid in recent years to urban point source pollution control, no considerable measures have been taken to control urban non-point source pollution. Contaminants from non-point sources deposited on urban impermeable surfaces such as road and highway are easily released to the public waters by rainfall, leading to the deterioration in water quality in urban area. The present study investigated a system using filter media to reduce the level of contamination in urban road runoff. Three different media, designated as J-P (polypropylene, blowing type), B-P (polypropylene, fiber type), and P-F (Polyvinyl alcohol, cube and sheet type) were evaluated on the basis of pollutant removal efficiency as well as hydraulic property. Experiments were peformed using a 1/4-scale treatment unit at various pollutant roading and rainfall intensity with real rainwater runoff collected from road surfaces. The results at different rainfall intensities shows that the medium J-P is superior to the other media for water permeability. J-P was not blocked at 10 mm/hr rainfall and its permeability was stable. On the other hand, B-P and P-F resulted in substantial overflow ratio even at I mm/hr rainfall intensity. Comparing treatment efficiencies for suspended solids, all media showed similar removal ranged from 91 % to 95%. However, J-P seems to be better than the other media considering its higher water permeability. J-P and P-F, both hydrophobic, yielded over 76% of heavy metal removal. But, the hydrophilic media B-P showed much smaller removal ranging from 26% to 47%. This indicates that J-P and P-F are beneficial to remove heavy metal due to their hydrophobic property. The treatment efficiencies over PAHs (poly aromatic hydrocarbons) showed the similar removal efficiency ranging from 66% to 97% for all three media.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2011

The aim of study was to investigate polluted amounts 16 PAHs in railroad(waste railway ties) area, factory area and land-fill area. All of the samples were analyzed by GC-MSD(SIM mode), and the recovery range, detection limit and standard deviation obtained by this experiment were 73.88 ~ 94.75%, 0.009 ~ 2.252 ${\mu}g$/kg and 1.861 ~ 12.373, respectively. The concentrations of total PAHs(t-PAHs) and total carcinogenic PAHs(t-PAHcarc) in soils of three area were in the range of 12.54 ~ 3274.95 ${\mu}g$/kg on a wet weight basis with a mean value of 499.8 ${\mu}g$/kg and 0 ~122.77 ${\mu}g$/kg with a mean value of 20.16 ${\mu}g$/kg, respectively. The correlation between t-PAHs and t-PAHcarc appeared very high in railroad(waste railway ties) area ($R^2$ = 0.8301), factory area ($R^2$ = 0.9217) except land-fill area($R^2$ = 0.3782), indicated that t-PAHcarc concentration increases in proportion with t-PAHs.