• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.3 s.81
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In order to evaluate fatigue endurance for the rocker arm of a diesel engine, stress measurements were performed using the strain gages attached near the neck, where is one of the most critical region in the rocker arm, in variation of the engine speed. The fatigue life experiments were carried out on miniature specimens from the rocker arms. For evaluating the fatigue endurance of the rocker arm, the S-N data were compared with the stress analysis results through FEM analysis of the rocker arm. The effective stress of the neck region was determined 17.7MPa through FEM analysis of the rocker arm. Conclusively, on the basis of fatigue limit, the rocker arm has a safety factor of 2.8 or 3.4 from the stress measurement or FEM results, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 1981

Clothing must have the individual beauty and the function that one can do one's body movement freely. therefore, from the human engineering view point, the exact measurement of the human body and the analysis of it's results must be applied to clothing because the arm works most. In this study, the skin surface of arm was investigated by shell made of Alginate of each movement. And by sometic method the rate of expansion and contraction of each section, inter-relation among the bust girth, axillary arm girth and scye girth and between the shoulder length right and the under axilla waist length were calculate4d. With these results, cap height, breadth of a sleeve and arm hole girth of existing sleeve pattern have been compared and analysed. The results are as follows; 1) According to the developmental figures of shell, the whole area change was small but that of shape was remarkable in M 4, 9, 13. The change of the Block 1 was particular. 2) Over arm length was contracted in all movements except M6 and under arm length expanded. The changes of sections a, b, c are large, while those of sections d, e are small. 3) In terms of latitudes, change of fore-arm region was small. The rate of scye girth varied from 14.3% of M13 to-5.6% of M2. The breadth of a sleeve expanded in all movements, and especially the front region expanded more than the back. 4) The relation between the shoulder length right and under axilla waist length, in all occasions, was contracted mutually, and one contracted, the other expanded. Therefore, in clothing construction when we consider the function of the arm it is better to widen the arm hole and the breadth of a sleeve at the same time than no widen the shoulder length by lowering the upper part of the upper side seam line.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1509-1516
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• 2017

In first-person perspective training system, the users needs realistic experience. For providing this experience, the system should offer the users virtual and real images at the same time. We propose an automatic a persons's arm segmentation and image composition method. It consists of arm segmentation part and image composition part. Arm segmentation uses an arbitrary image as input and outputs arm segment or alpha matte. It enables end-to-end learning because we make use of FCN in this part. Image composition part conducts image combination between the result of arm segmentation and other image like road, building, etc. To train the network in arm segmentation, we used arm images through dividing the videos that we took ourselves for the training data.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2009

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Yukmijihwangtang on cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory impairment by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats. Methods: The ability of learning and memory of rats was measured using the eight-arm radial maze and the passive avoidance test, and profile of cholinergic neuron was assessed in the medial septum and hippocampus region by immuno-histochemistry. Results: 1. No differences were found between groups in the number of correct choices in acquisition performance during the eight-arm radial maze task. 2. No differences were found between groups on day 1 in the error rate in acquisition performance, which is defined as the number of enters into the same arm more than once within five minutes. After 5 to 6 days of test, the number of errors was significantly reduced in the Yukmijihwangtang group (forebrain ischemia group with Yukmijihwangtang treatment), compared with the ischemia group. 3. The memory processes significantly improved in the Yukmijihwangtang group according to results of the passive avoidance test. 4. The appearance of AchE (acetylcholinesterase) in the CA1 region of hippocampus significantly decreased in the ischemia group, compared with the sham group (untreated group). The appearance of AchE in the same region significantly increased in the Yukmijihwangtang group, compared with the ischemia group. 5. The appearance of ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and medial septum decreased in the ischemia group, compared with the sham group. The appearance of ChAT in the same region significantly increased in the Yukmijihwangtang group, compared with the ischemia group Conclusions: This study provides evidence that Yukmijihwangtang is effective for reviving the ability of learning and memory and damaged neurons in rats with experimental cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2022

The effect of thickness on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of centrifugal cast 625 was investigated. Centrifugal cast 625 with various thickness of 10, 17 and 50mm showed partially columnar grained structure 8, 12.3 and 18.5mm respectively from the outer surface. Secondary dendrite arm spacing in the columnar grains slightly increased with increasing casting thickness. Tensile strength of the columnar region was similar regardless of casting thickness. Solidification behavior of the columnar grained region is similar to that of directional solidification, thus solidification rate in the centrifugal cast tube was extrapolated from the secondary dendrite arm spacing data of the directionally solidified material. The equiax grained region formed interior of the thick castings. The tensile strength of the equiaxed region showed the average value of the columnar region which is presumably originated from the grain structure rather than secondary dendrite arm spacing.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.337-346
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• 2015

Sprain is the injury of meridian-muscle, and is caused by qi and blood obstruction or regional stagnation of qi and blood. So we take the channel points where pain flows. If we take the locations that feel pain, those locations are treatments points and ashi points. So we searched over the ashi points appearing on the patients with wrist sprain. Ashi points appeared on LI5, TE4, SI5 around wrist joints, LI10, LI11, LU6 around elbow joints, LI14, LU3, LU4, PC2 around upper arm. Also, ashi points appeared much on ST17, KI23, PC1, SP18, ST18 around thoracic region, and, on BL15, BL44, BL13 around anterior and thoracodorsal region, in order stated. Ashi points of the highest frequency appeared on LI14 around upper arm, and on LI5, TE4 around wrist joint, and SI5, ST17, KI12, PC1, SP18 appeared with second highest frequency. And ashi points on elbow points and thoracodorsal region appeared with the same frequency. Therefore, it is possible for us to know that the pain location appears in order of upper arm, anterior thoracic region, elbow joint region, and, thoracodorsal region, in treating wrist joints. There was a tendency that pain and movement disturbance recovered more quickly, depending on the pain reduction, as we found out the ashi points closely from stagnated qi and blood caused by wrist arthritis, and relaxed the stiff location. Rubbing treatments in treating pain ashi points is considered to play an important role to reduce pain effectively, so it is necessary to make a further study.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint torque of triple segmental system in golf driver swing. For this purpose, joint torque were calculated. In order to determine the load on the lumbar region, a triple segmental system was set for wrist, left shoulder and lumbar, torque working on the lumbar region were estimated. For this study, a total of 7 professional golfers were sampled, and then, their driver swings were recorded with two high-speed digital video cameras (180 frames/sec.) to be synthesized into 3-dimensional images and coordinated. Then, Eular's equation was used to produce some kinematic data, which were used to calculate joint torque with Newton's function. All data were calculated using LabVIEW 6.1 graphic program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; It was found that the joint torque was generated in the direction opposite the target on wrist and shoulder during down swing, while in the direction towards the target on the lumbar region. During impact and release, the torque on the wrist joint was converted from the direction opposite the target to the direction towards the target, while the torque on the lumbar region was generated vice versa. The joints on the club-arm-shoulder were generated in the opposite direction at the beginning of down swing when the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to be generated, and then, the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to lower, while that on the club-arm-shoulder began to increase. Thus, a rapid decrease of the torque on the lumbar region linked to the low trunk acted to increase moment and joint torque on the arm-club region.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1996

Lateral arm flap has been used for the reconstruction of the various defects in hand, head and neck region. This flap is highly dependable as a free flap because of its thin flap thickness, constant vascular anatomy and possibility of osteocutaneous flap and fascial flap. Recently, many authors tried extended approach for vascular pedicle and distal flap extension for bigger defects. In this study, we review previous articles and 14 cases used lateral arm flaps for coverage of the varying defect on head and neck, upper and lower extremities succesfully. In conclusion, lateral arm flap has constant anatomical structure and can overcome the disadvantages such as short pedicle length and limited flap size, then the range of its application can be very widened.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.290-293
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a method to estimate pointing region in real-world from images of cameras. In general, arm-pointing gesture encodes a direction which extends from user's fingertip to target point. In the proposed work, we assume that the pointing ray can be approximated to a straight line which passes through user's face and fingertip. Therefore, the proposed method extracts two end points for the estimation of pointing direction; one from the user's face and another from the user's fingertip region. Then, the pointing direction and its target region are estimated based on the 2D-3D projective mapping between camera images and real-world scene. In order to demonstrate an application of the proposed method, we constructed an ICGS (interactive cinema guiding system) which employs two CCD cameras and a monitor. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are also verified on the experimental results of several real video sequences.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

1. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are attack of wind-heat on the lung, wind cold, damp-heat struggle between the vital energy and pathogenic factor and six pathogenic factors And all these causes are the conception of blockage syndrome, $Q_1$ and blood stagnating in meridian system. 2. Symptoms of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are shoulder pain, restriction of activity and radiating pain. 3. The treatments of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are mainly composed of both medical therapy for $B_1$ syndrome due to pathogenic wind, deficiency of both $Q_1$ and blood, consumption of the liver and the spleen, and also acupuncture and moxibustion treatment by selection of acupoint. And those treatments are for treating etiology. And also there are treatments using the meridian system and Twelve Muscle Region and Ashihyeol for the purpose of treating the symptoms. 4. Acupoints such as Gyun-u, Gyun-jung, Goi-ji, Ju-ryo and Bi-no are most used in treating shoulder and arm pain based on based on literatures of Oriental medicine.