• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate ground-based experiment for the attitude control of spacecraft. A two-axis rotational simulator with a flexible ann is constructed with on-off air thrusters as actuators. The simulator is also equipped with payload pointing capability by simultaneous thruster and DC servo motor actuation. The azimuth angle is controlled by on-off thruster command while the payload elevation angle is controlled by a servo-motor. A thruster modulation technique PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) employing a time-optimal switching function plus integral error control is proposed. An optical camera is used for the purpose of pointing as well as on-board rate sensor calibration. Attitude control performance based upon the new closed-loop control law is demonstrated by ground experiment. The modified switching function turns out to be effective with improved pointing performance under external disturbance. The rate sensor calibration technique by Kalman Filter algorithm led to reduction of attitude error caused by the bias in the rate sensor output.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different sensory information on the motor function which is resulted from visual stimuli. Particularly, it was focused on the effect of complementary color stimuli on reaction time. Twenty volunteers(10 men & 10 women), between the age of 20 and 25 yearn participated in this experiment. Experiments were carried out in a light & sound-attenuated chamber, and the overall system consisted of a PC. interface card. LEDs. key board switch, and display panel. Although many measurements of sensory-motor integration has been studied the quantitative analysis of sensory-motor integration has not been developed well. Quantitative analyses were performed to investigate the effect of the different sensory information on the arm motor system in the point of view sensory-motor integration. The result showed that the reaction time for visual stimuli of complementary colors was faster than that under same color environments : and, in same color environments and the reaction speed was varied inversely with respect to the magnitude of the light wavelength.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to quantify one of the useful upper extremity movements to evaluate motor control abilities between the groups of people with mild and moderate arm impairments performing a door handling task. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-one healthy participants and twenty-one persons with chronic stroke (9 mild stroke and 12 moderate stroke) were recruited for this study. Stroke participants were divided into 2 groups based on Fugle-Meyer Assessment scores of 58-65 (mild arm) and 38-57 (moderate arm). All they performed door handling task including the pronation and supination phases 3 times. We measured some movement factors which were reaction time, movement time, hand of peak velocity, hand of movement units to perform door handling task using the three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: The majority of kinematic variables showed significant differences among study groups (p<0.05). The reaction time, total and phase of movement time, hand of peak velocity, the number of movement units discriminated between healthy participants and persons with moderate upper limb stroke (p<0.05). In addition, reaction time, total and phase of movement time, the number of movement units discriminated between those with moderate and mild upper limbs of stroke patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis in this study was a useful tool for assessing the upper extremity function in different subgroups of people with stroke during the door handling task. These kinematic variables may help clinicians understand the arm movements in door handling task and consist of discriminative therapeutic interventions for stroke patients on upper extremity rehabilitation.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1089-1094
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• 2022

In this paper, a human coexistence-type companion robot that can communicate with people in daily life and alleviate the gap in care personnel was studied. Based on the voice recognition module, servo motor, and Arduino board, a companion robot equipped with a robot arm control function using voice recognition, a position movement function using RC cars, and a voice recognition function was tested and manufactured. As a result of the experiment, the speech recognition experiment according to distance showed the optimal recognition rate at a distance of 5 to 30 cm, and the speech recognition experiment according to gender showed a higher recognition rate in the first tone, monotonous tone. Through the evaluation results of these motion experiments, it was confirmed that a companion robot could be made.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: To explore the effects of action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper-extremity function and the activities of daily living in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four subacute stroke patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group (n = 12 each). Both groups received therapy based on motor learning concepts, including repetitive and task-specific practice. The experimental group watched video clips for 10 minutes related to tasks performed during modified constraint-induced movement therapy while the control group watched videos unrelated to upper-extremity movement. These programs were performed for 40 minutes a day five times a week for four weeks. Their scores on the Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremities (FMA-UE), the action research arm test (ARAT), a motor activity log (amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were recorded. Results: In both groups, all variables were significantly different between the pre-test and post-test periods (p < 0.05). The post-test variables were significantly different within each group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, the changes between pre-test and post-test scores in the FMA-UE (14.39 ± 4.31 versus 6.31 ± 4.63), the ARAT (16.00 ± 4.73 versus 11.46 ± 3.73), MAL-AOU (1.57 ± 0.15 versus 1.18 ± 0.28), and MBI (27.54 ± 4.65 versus 18.08 ± 8.52) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy may be a beneficial rehabilitation option to improve upper-extremity function in subacute stroke patients with moderate impairment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of task training for cognitive activation of upper extremity on upper limb function and activities of daily living and to suggest intervention in rehabilitation treatment. From January to February of 2018, nine stroke patients were arbitrated 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks. For the experimental group, the therapist has induced the group using the linguistic guidance to patients, so they utilize the cognition strategy. The control group conducted active exercises in a range of motion using the instruments and passive exercises in a range of motion to reduce the stiffness of joints and upper limbs. As muscle strengthening exercises, the patients were assigned to work on the biceps muscle of arm, triceps muscle of arm, and deltoid according to the individual patient's muscular strength level. For the experimental group, the MBI was improved by ten points at maximum, and K-AMPS motor skills showed the improvements of 1.0 logit at maximum, and processing skills showed improvements of 0.6 logits at maximum. In MFT, the maximum improvement was by two points. For the control group, MBI was improved by five points at maximum, and 0.2 maximum improvements were shown in K-AMPS' motor skills and 0.3 maximum improvements in processing skills. MFT showed no change. The conclusion is that the challenges to enable training for stroke patients give a positive impact on upper limb function and activities of daily living.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1999

Background: Tourniquet pain has important impacts on anesthesia. Tourniquet pain and accompanying cardiovascular changes are important factors that make patients in distress during anesthesia. As tourniquet pain may be modified by anesthesia, a study on the changes in the neural functions by tourniquet inflation in normal volunteers is important. Methods: Time-dependent changes in tourniquet pain, heart rate, phantom limb sensation, motor function, pain to pressure on upper extremity of 10 healthy and unpremedied volunteers were measured. Each parameter were measured every 5 minutes starting from 10 minutes before inflation to 15 minutes after deflation of tourniquet. Tourniquet was deflated when the subject felt unbearable pain (score 100 with visual analog scale). Results: Subjects manifested time-dependent pain responses to tourniquet inflation, characterized by increase in VAS, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Mean duration of tourniquet inflation was 36.4 minutes, volunteers experienced motor paralysis at 27.6 minutes and sensory loss at 33.1 minutes. Pain to pressure decreased over time in both arms. The degree of decrease was greater in the arm on which tourniquet was applied than that in the non-applied arm. Phantom limb sensation occurred in 3 subjects. Conclusions: This study demonstrated dynamic changes in the neural functions during tourniquet inflation period. Tourniquet-induced pain and resultant hypertension occurred in all subjects. Appropriate anesthetic management is needed for the surgery using tourniquet.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mental practice on the upper extremity function of the hemiplegic Patients, 8 subjects with hemiplegia patients participated in this study. They did the Mental Practice programme for twenty minute, two times a week, three weeks. The Mental practice effects was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA), Action Research Arm Test(ARA), Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement(STREAM). The data were analyzed using paired t-test. The result of this study are as follows: FMA score were significant difference test-retest(p<.05), ARA score were statistically significant improvement between test-retest(p<.05), On the STREAM, the patients had the score improved on 4 of the 10 items of the upper-extremity Scale. The result suggest that mental practice is a potentially useful method of practicing motor skills. Mental practice may be a cost-effective, non-invasive tool with wuhich patients with stroke can receive additional practice of functional skills, and realize greater outcome, than if therapy alone were used.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.117-125
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of simultaneous application of focal vibration stimulation and task-oriented training on the improvement in upper extremity motor function after stroke. Methods : The study period was from January to April 2019; 23 patients who fulfilled the study eligibility criteria were enrolled. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group with vibration stimulation and task-oriented training and the control group with only task-oriented training. Training was conducted in a total of 20 sessions, 5 times a week for 30 minutes a day for 4 weeks. The amount of use of the affected and unaffected side by accelerometers, and Box and Block test (BBT), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) was measured with a pre-test, a post-test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Analysis of Covariance were used to compare and analyze the changes within and between the groups. Results : Both the groups showed statistically significant changes in the results of the BBT and the ARAT, as well as the amount of use of the affected and unaffected side. Regarding the use of the affected side, BBT results, and the grasp and gross movement item of the ARAT showed significant changes in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion : We found that simultaneous application of focal vibration stimulation and task-oriented training was more effective than task-oriented training alone. A large-scale comparative study involving a group that is only given vibration stimulation should be conducted for more generalizable results.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Medicine & Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate questions and instructions for internal feedback effects on functional recovery and task performance while chronic stroke patients practised task-specific training. Method: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were randomly divided into two groups; when patients performed same tasks, one was treated using questions and the other using instructions for internal feedback Both lasted 30 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included Erasmus MC Modifications to the Nottingham Sensory Assessment (EmNSA), Measurement Properties of the Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke patients (MESUPES), Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI), Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in EmNSA and K-MBI(p>.05). But, in MESUPES and CAHAI, there was significant difference between the two groups(p<.05). Conclusion: In this study, questions for internal feedback during task-specific training are more effective in improving upper extremity motor function and task performance than instructions for internal feedback.