• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

Objective: Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is experienced worldwide by many age groups. Yoga is recommended as an exercise to reduce back pain and stress because it is a breathing exercise, posture, and meditation as key elements. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of yoga and stabilization exercise on pain intensity, function, and depression. Design: An open-label, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial Methods: Twenty-four participants were allocated to the experimental and the control group in a ratio of 1:1. Yoga (experimental group) and stabilization exercise (control group) were received twice a week for 6 weeks Participants were assessed at baseline and post-intervention for pain intensity (numeric pain rating scale), function (Aberdeen low back pain scale, flexibility,and strength), and depression (Beck depression inventory). Results: When the experimental group (Yoga) and control group (stabilization exercise) were performed twice a week for 6 weeks, numeric pain rating scale, Aberdeen low back pain scale, and flexibility in post-intervention showed significant improvement in both groups (P<0.05), However, in all variables, the experimental group showed a positive benefit compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study show that yoga has more positive benefits compared to stabilization exercise in pain intensity, function, and depression in individuals with NSLBP.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.684-698
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• 2022

Purpose: Recent studies have reported a significant association between skeletal muscle, muscle strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effect of nutrient intake on the prediction of skeletal muscle mass and strength or its suggested correlation with metabolic diseases has been primarily reported in healthy individuals. The current study explores the association between energy intake and handgrip strength (HGS) in individuals with NAFLD. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2016-2018. Data from 12,469 participants were extracted and 1,293 men and 1,401 women aged 20 years and older were included in the analyses of patients with NAFLD. The presence of NAFLD was determined using the hepatic steatosis index. To estimate relative skeletal muscle strength, HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer and calculated by adjusting the body mass index of the dominant arm. Study subjects in the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups were separately categorized according to quartiles of the calculated HGS. Results: We found that individuals with low (EQ1) energy intake had lower odds of HGS compared to subjects with high (EQ4) energy intake, irrespective of their NAFLD status (p < 0.0001). However, the HGS did not differ based on the level of protein or fat intake ratio. Additionally, the effect of energy intake on HGS was more pronounced in men than in women. Conclusion: Energy intake was associated with the risk of weak HGS in men with NAFLD. The results indicate that energy intake may be a key factor in nutrition care for NAFLD patients with low muscle function.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.169-183
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• 2008

In this study, we measured body mass index, visceral fat ratio and 6 parts of body, neck circumference, circumference of upper arm, chest circumference, abdomen circumference, hip circumference, and thigh circumference by bioimpedence analysis system, after taking Gyeongshingangjeehwan16 (GGEx16) in five months except the first period before taking GGEx16 on 49 women who are obesity or high-level obesity. In order to examine the significance test for the effect of obesity improvement of GGEx16, we practices repeated measure ANOVA with values of measurement variables in 6 monthly times. As a result of all measurement variables, there were significant difference (P-value=0.001). Therefore, we can say that GGEx16 is effective about obesity improvement. As it dramatically decreased between second measure period and first measure period for all measure variables, we can see that there were the most effect of GGEx16 in the first time after taking GGEx16. It is known that a important measurement variable to have a effect for obesity improvement about two variable which are body mass index and visceral fat ratio is waist circumference through correlation analysis. The result of whether there are differences to effect of obesity improvement for GGEx16 around the climacteric, there were significant difference for the effect of obesity improvement for GGEx16 around the climacteric about all parts of body (P-value=0.001). There were also powerfully difference in effect of obesity improvement for GGEx16 around the climacteric about all parts of body (P-value=0.001). Especially, the climacteric before is more effective than the climacteric after in the aspect of the effect of GGEx16.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.117-130
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is to offer basic data for clothing design which is intended to apply appropriate shape and capacity to clothes. The following are the analyzed results of an investigation which was conducted to characterize the upper half of the female body of 193 women whose ages are 18 to 25, taking part in this investigation. According to the results of analyzing young women's bust, I came to find a large individual difference of the wide varying factor numbers at the items of the side feature, the body stance, and the dart quantity. For the analysis of the female's upper body, 11 factors are used. The are as follows: Factor 1. width of the bust Factor 2. height of the bust and length of the arm Factor 3. side thickness of the bust and the upside type Factor 4. length of the bust on the front Factor 5. length of the bust on the back Factor 6. salient ratio of the breast Factor 7. width of the neck. the armhole, and measurement of the droop Factor 8. length of the shoulder Factor 9. flat ratio of the bust Factor 10. inclination of the shoulder factor 11. form of the back The shape of young women's upper bodies can be divided into four groups. The character ization of each group are as follows : Group 1 . 28.5% of the women who take part in this investigation belong to Group 1 These women have the shortest body, with a longer length of the front than the back and more thickness on the front than the back. Group 2. 21.1% of the women who take part in this investigation belong to this group. They show a longer length of the back and more thickness of the back than the front. In addition, this group is bent forward. Group 3. This group is the mast common type, showing the shortest and thickest character. 37.8% of the women who take part in this investigation have this bust character Group 4. 12.4% of the women belong to Group 4. They possess the highest and fattest character, skewing smaller necks, armholes, and waists than the other groups. This group also shows the drooping shoulders.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide information about kinematic variables of the gliding and delivery motion of Hyung-Keun Lee, a high school shot putter who was ranked 1st at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 4 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was conducted during shot-putting events at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. During the gliding and delivery phase of the player the results showed following characteristics; 1) The gliding technique types of the player appeared to be the short-long technique as the gliding and stance length ratio were $42.3{\pm}3.87$ % and $57.7{\pm}3.87$ %, respectively. In addition, the trajectory of shots during the gliding and delivery phase showed different trajectory patterns with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to the deviation from a central axis of the APSS (athletic-plus shot system). 2) The horizontal velocity of COG made from gliding should maintain the velocity during transition and release phase, but the player showed a small momentum for a gradual decrease of velocity. 3) Therefore, the player requires to adjust an appropriate ratio between gliding and stance length with a strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity during gliding and delivery phase.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2012

To find the differences between the real somatotype and the ideal somatotype, WHR(Waist to Hip Ratio), WCR(Waist to Chest Ratio), and body cathexis were analysed by using ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test, and $x^2$ test. Fashion image sought by female collegians was surveyed, too. The results were as follows. WHRs in slim, usual, fat body type were 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83 and WCRs were 0.77, 0.81, 0.80. The respondents who considered themselves to be overweight recognized themselves to be fatter than their real weight. They were not satisfied with their bust girth in slim body type, thighs and calves in usual body type, and all parts except for foot length, hand length and arm length in fat body type. 60% of the thin people considered their body hourglass shape, 30.4% of regular people recognized their body triangle type, 43.8% of fat people thought their body was round form. They thought current ideal body size was bigger in height and bust girth and smaller in waist girth and hip girth, and weight than real body size. Also they responded ideal body shape was an hourglass type independent of somatotype. The pursuit of clothing image was that 45.5% of female collegians were fashionable and raffine and 10.4% of female collegians was elegant and graceful. Among the body area, body parts that may have an effect on body image were body length in 13.1% of the respondents, waist girth in 10.7% of the respondents, and hip girth in 10.0% of the respondents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.7 s.196
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

Analysis of elders' behavioral characteristic during showering provides important fundamental data when developing an automatic showering system. We recorded showering behavior of 37 elders' at the front, back, left and right view using four CCTV cameras. The photographic data were analyzed by counting the frequencies of body scrub and identifying zones where hands could reach. And we measured their body sizes, and conducted questionnaire of showering for 302 peoples. Analysis was done according to the analysis criteria established. The human body was divided into 14 zones from a body, and the numbers of body scrub for each zone were counted. The average total numbers of body scrub were 170.8 excluding the head, the face and the neck. The average numbers of body scrub with right hand were 70.2, left hand were 88.2, and both hands were 81.8. The percentages of body scrub frequencies were 16.3% (breast), 12.2%(crotch), 8.8% (abdomen), 7.5% (waist), 8.8% (shoulder), 7% (hips), 0.4% (back), 15.2% (arm), and 23.9% (leg). Elders scrubbed the breast, crotch and abdomen more frequently than the back and hips. According to the video analysis and questionnaire results, the distribution of shower heads (or nozzles) at the front side should be arranged at the ratio of 40% of the trunk(breast, shoulders, abdomen), 20% of the thighs, the calves, and the crotch, respectively. The distribution of shower heads (or nozzles) of the back side were arranged at the ratio of 20% of the waist and the arms, 20% of the back, the thighs, the calves, and the hip, respectively.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.462-472
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• 2004

In this study, we measured the blood flow on arm by non-invasive method and implemented a system to measure variation of the blood flow by estimating bio-electrical impedance and arterial pressure according to cuff pressure. The implemented system measured impedance variation according to pressure variation applied by artificial cuff pressure on the measuring position. The system consisted of pressure measuring part and impedance measuring part using 4-electrode method. Pressure measuring part was composed of semiconductor pressure sensor and electronic circuit for signal processing of sensor output signal. In addition, impedance measuring part was composed of constant current source circuit and lock-in amplifier for detecting impedance signal. We conducted experiments of impedance measuring part using standard resistance for performance evaluation of the implemented system. In addition we experimented to estimate variation of the blood flow by measuring impedances of the experimental group. We estimated ratio of the blood flow resistance using mean arterial pressure and variation of the blood flow. As a result the ratio of the blood flow resistance and variation of blood flow were in an inverse relationship with each other and the correlation coefficient was -0.96776.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1166-1174
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• 2008

In this paper, design of a $2{\sim}18$ GHz wideband cavity-backed spiral antenna is investigated. Firstly, an arm pattern and a backing cavity of a cavity-backed spiral antenna are designed based on the design theory of an Archimedean spiral antenna as well as by using CST's MWS. VSWR, axial ratio, and HPBW(Half Power Beam Width) characteristics are considered in the simulation. Secondly, a Marchand coaxial balun is designed to meet the required VSWR within the frequency band of operation. Finally, the validity of these approaches is verified by comparing the simulated results with measured ones.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.136-141
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• 2007

The Purpose Of This Paper Is To Use A Tactile Sensor To Compensate The Error Rate. Most Automated Sphygmomanometers Use The Oscillometric Method And Characteristic Ratio To Estimate Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure. However, Based On The Fact That Maximum Amplitude Of The Oscillometric Waveform And Characteristic Ratio Are Affected By Compliance Of The Aorta And Large Arteries, A Method To Measure The Artery Stiffness By Using A Tactile Sensor Was Chosen In Order To Integrate It With The Sphygmomanometer In The Future Instead Of Using Photoplethysmography. Since Tactile Sensors Have Very Weak Movements, Efforts Were Made To Maintain The Subject's Arm In A Fixed Position, And A 40hz Low Pass Filter Was Used To Eliminate Noise From The Power Source As Well As High Frequency Noise. An Analyzing Program Was Made To Get Time Delay Between The First And Second Peak Of The Averaged Digital Volume Pulse(${\Delta}t_{dvp}$), And The Subject's Height Was Divided By ${\Delta}t_{dvp}$ To Calculate The Stiffness Index Of The Arteries($Si_{dvp}$). Regression Equations Of Systolic And Diastolic Pressure Using $Si_{dvp}$ And Mean Arterial Pressure(Map) Were Computed From The Test Group (60 Subjects) Among A Total Of 121 Subjects(Age: $44.9{\pm}16.5$, Male: Female=40:81) And Were Tested In 61 Subjects To Compensate The Error Rate. Error Rates Considering All Subjects Were Systolic $4.62{\pm}9.39mmhg$, And Diastolic $14.40{\pm}9.62mmhg$, And Those In The Test Set Were $3.48{\pm}9.32mmhg,\;And\;14.34{\pm}9.67mmhg$ Each. Consequently, Error Rates Were Compensated Especially In Diastolic Pressure Using $Si_{dvp}$, Various Slopes From Digital Volume Pulse And Map To Systolic-$1.91{\pm}7.57mmhg$ And Diastolic $0.05{\pm}7.49mmhg$.