• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

Shielding gas has significant effects on arc stability, metal transfer and weld quality in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. The double gas-shielded MAG(DMAG) and auxiliary gas-shielded MAG (AMAG) torches are investigated for their capability to provide argon-rich gas mixture using small amount of argon gas through the inner and auxiliary nozzles, respectively. Argon composition with the DMAG torch is calculated numerically, and compared with the measured data using the gas chromatogrphy. Gas flow pattern of the DMAG torch is calculated to change from the laminar to turbulent flow when total gas flow rate becomes larger than 4.5 liter/min at room temperature. While argon-rich shielding gas was obtained using both the AMAG and DMAG torches, the AMAG torch provides higher argon composition than the DMAG torch, which demonstrates that argon gas can be utilized more efficiently with the AMAG torch.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.46-52
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• 1999

The auxiliary gas-shielded MAG (AMAG) process, which was devised to provide an argon-rich shielding environment using small amount of argon gas, was investigated experimentally to figure out its effects on metal transfer and weld quality. Proper conditions for the AMAG process including the argon gas ratio, position and direction of the auxiliary nozzle were determined experimentally. Performance of the AMAG process was compared with that of the double gas-shielded MAG(DMAG) and MAG processes by monitoring the bead profile, current and voltage waveforms. The AMAG process was found to provide better bead profile, more stable arc and wider operating range of spray transfer mode compared with the DMAG process. In general, performance of the AMAG process using the argon ratio of 30% was comparable to that of the MAG process using 80% argon and 20% CO₂ gas.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 1997

ZnO thin films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputter at various conditions. Crystallinity, microstructure, chemical composition, and optical composition, and optical properties of the films were investigated as functions of substrate temperature (R. T.-50$0^{\circ}C$) an sputter gas (O2/Ar=0-50%). ZnO thin films grown at 50$0^{\circ}C$ with sputter gas of pure argon as well as at R. T. with sputter gas of a mixture of argon & oxygen(O2/Ar=2%) exhibit a strong tendency of (002) preferred orientation, compared with a considerable random orientation at the other conditions. The thin films with (002) preferred orientation has a chemical stoichiometry of Zn/O-1.01, a band gap of 3.3eV, and a packing density of 98% respectively.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

Here, the stability of stainless steel 316 (SS-316) was investigated to identify its applicability in the oxide reduction process, as a component in related equipment, to produce a complicated gas mixture composed of O₂ and Cl₂ under an argon (Ar) atmosphere. The effects of the mixed gas composition were investigated at flow rates of 30 mL/min O₂, 20 mL/min O₂ + 10 mL/min Cl₂, 10 mL/min O₂ + 20 mL/min Cl₂, and 30 mL/min Cl₂, each at 600℃, during a constant argon flow rate of 170 mL/min. It was found that the corrosion of SS-316 by the chlorine gas was suppressed by the presence of oxygen, while the reaction proceeded linearly with the reaction time regardless of gas composition. Surface observation results revealed an uneven surface with circular pits in the samples that were fed mixed gases. Thermodynamic calculations proposed the combination of Fe and Ni chlorination reactions as an explanation for this pit formation phenomenon. An exponential increase in the corrosion rate was observed with an increase in the reaction temperature in a range of 300 ~ 600℃ under a flow of 30 mL/min Cl₂ + 170 mL/min Ar.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 1994

A study on the performance of a Diesel engine with various intake gas compositions other than that of air are performed experimentally. In this study, the concentrations of each of oxygen, nitorgen, carbon dioxide, and argon are changed and their effects on the performance of the engine are investigated parametrically. The experiments are performed at constant engine speed condition, and main measured parameters are cylinder pressure, intake gas compositions, fuel consumption rate. Increase of oxygen concentration up to 24% improved the performance of the engine generally. The adverse effect was observed when the oxygen concentration was increased over 24%. Increase of carbon dioxide concentration degraded the performance of the engine, mainly due to the lower specific heat ratio of carbon dioxide. Adding argon gas to the intake gas improved the overall performance. Finally, it is found that two most influencing factors affecting the performance of the Diesel engine in this study of intake gas composition variation are ignition delay and specific heat ratio of the intake gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.135-136
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• 2002

Molybdenum Nitrided (MoNx) films were deposited by DC planar magnetron sputtering. Silicon wafers and real nitrided stainless steel piston rings are employed as substrates. 12 different combinations of nitrogen and argon partial pressure, from 1:7 to 7:1, were applied to deposit MoNx films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the phase structures of films. When nitrogen vs. argon partial pressure is 1:7, the film is mainly $Mo_2N$ phase. With increase of nitrogen partial pressure, MoN phase emerges, but $Mo_2N$ phase still exists. Composition analysis with atomic emission spectrometry (AES) also agreed with this. The films have very high nanohardness (max 2400Hv) and good adhesion to the substrates.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1987

In this study, the experiments were carried out for the purpose of establishment of the arc sparing method which reducing oxides or oxide film by using the inert gas as the carrier gas of atomizing particles. Main results obtained are as follows; 1. Oxides and oxide film which lower the adhesion strength are largely reduced by using the inert gas as the carrier gas of atomizing particles, and adhesion strength of coating film are improved. 2. The coating film characteristics appear to be no difference between the inert gas arc spraying in air environment and that in argon gas environment. 3. Inert gas arc spraying using argon as the carrie gas has higher reduction rate of composition element in coating film than compressed air spraying does.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

Polymerization of tetraethoxysilane on a glass substrate was investigated by remote microwave plasma using argon with portions of nitrous oxide as carrier gas. Transparent layer like a thickness of 0.5 ${\mu}m$ 3 ${\mu}m$ were obtained, differing in chemical composition, depending on plasma power and treatment time as well as on ageing time. In general the milder the treatment and the shorter the ageing was, the higher was the content of organic structural elements in the layer. We have identified that the chemical structure of our samples composed of mainly Si O and Si C groups containing aliphatics, carbonyl groups. These results were obtained by X ray photon spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope combined with Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 1996

Low-temperature plasma treatment or sputter etching is of interest as one of the techniques to modify polymer surface. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET), nylon 6 and cotton fabrics dyed three black dyes were subjected to low-temperature argon plasma and also sputter etching. In relation to bathochromic effect, the surface characteristics of the treated fabrics and films were investigated by means of critical surface tension, SEM and ESCA measurement. The depth of shade of fabrics more increased by the sputter etching technique than argon plasma treatment. Many microcraters on the fiber surface formed by the sputter etching resulted in increase of surface area of the fiber and wettability, but the hydrophobic group was increased by the results of ESCA analysis. In particular the change in reflective index of the fibers was much more effective than the chemical composition of the fiber surface on increasing of the depth of shade.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1994

Intake gases other than air, which is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon, are used to study their effects on the performance of the diesel engine experimentally. The engine is operated at constant speed and fixed fuel injection timing, and cylinder pressure and heat release rate are measured at various intake gas compositions. The results show that increase of oxygen concentration improves the performance of the engine generally. The adverse effect is observed when the oxygen concentration is increased over the critical oxygen concentration of this test, mainly because of the over-shortened ignition delay. Increase of carbon dioxide concentration degardes the performance of the engine, mainly due to the lower specific heat ratio of carbon dioxide. Adding argon gas to the intake gas improves the overall performance. Finally, it is found that two most influencing factors affecting the performance of the diesel engine in this study are ignition delay and speific heat ratio of the intake gas.