• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 1997

The effect of the light on the stability of 5-fluorouracil admixture was investigated. Four sets of 5-fluorouracil admixture were prepared using 50 mg/ml injection in $5\%$ dextrose solution in PVC bags and glass bottles: (1) 5-fluorouracil 1 mg/ml concentration in glass bottles, (2) 5-fluorouracil 1 mg/ml in PVC bags, (3) 5-fluorouracil 10 mg/ml in glass bottles, and (4) 5-fluorouracil 10 mg/ml in PVC bags. In each set, one group was protected from the light (control group) and the other group was exposed to the fluorescent light (study group). All admixtures were stored at room temperature for 72 hours. Also, 5-fluorouracil injections (50 mg/ml) were prepared in plastic syringes. Half of the samples of 50 mg/ml concentration were protected from the light (control group) and the other half were exposed to the fluorescent light (study group). These were stored at room temperature for 48 hours. After visual inspection, the pHs of each admixture were determined. The 5-fluorouracil concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, with 5-bromouracil as an internal standard. Over the study period, no visual changes were observed. The pHs of 5-fluorouracil admixtures were in the range of $8.2\~8.5$. The peak area ratios (5-FU/5-BrU) of 5-fluorouracil admixtures protected from the light were compared with those of the admixtures exposed to the light. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups during the study period (p>0.05). In conclusion, 5-fluorouracil admixtures in $5\%$ dextrose solution exposed to the light were stable for 72 hours.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1997

Cefaclor is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic that shows a potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, when it is orally administered. Due to its patent expiration, a number of generic drugs have been marketed, but not yet elucidated to ensure therapeutic equivalence. In this study, cefaclor capsules manufactured by Chong Kun Dang were bioequivallently assessed by comparing with $Ceclor^{TM}$ introduced originally by Daewoong Lilly. A total of 16 healthy male volunteers were evaluated in a randomized crossover manner with a 2-week washout period. Concentrations of cefaclor in plasma were measured upto 6 hours following a single oral administration of two capsules (500 mg of cefaclor) by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Although the plasma concentration at 6 hours was not detected, the computed half-life of cefaclor was approximately 0.5 hours. The area under the concentration-vs-time curve from 0 to 4 hours $(AUC_{0-4h})$ was calculated by the trapezoidal summation method. The differences in mean values of $AUC_{0-4h}$, peak plasma concentration $(C_{max})$, and time to peak concentration $(T_{max})$ between the two products were $4.63\%,\;1.84\%,\;and\3.28\%$, respectively. The least significant differences at $\alpha4= 0.05 for $AUC_{0-4h},\;C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;6,53\%,\;4.05\%,\;and\;6.47\%$, respectively. In conclusion, the test drug was bioequivalent with the reference drug.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

Risk based pollution level of Pb and Cd in metal contaminated soils depending on physicochemical properties of soil in a target site was assessed using biotic ligand model. Heavy metal activity in soil solution defined as exposure activity (EA) was assumed to be toxic to Vibrio fischeri and soil organisms. Predicted effective activity (PEA) determined by biotic ligand model was compared to EA value to calculate risk quotient. Field contaminated soils (n = 10) were collected from a formes area and their risk based pollution levels were assessed in the present study using the calculated risk quotient. Concentrations of Pb determined by aqua regia were 295, 258, and 268 mg/kg in B, H and J points and concentrations of Cd were 4.73 and 6.36 mg/kg in G and I points, respectively. These points exceeded the current soil conservation standards. However, risk based pollution levels of the ten points were not able to be calculated because concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil solution were smaller than detection limits or one (i.e., non toxic). It was because heavy metal activity in soil solution was dominant toxicological form to organisms, not a total heavy metal concentration in soil. In addition, heavy metal toxicity was decreased by competition effect of major cations and formation of complex with dissolved organic carbon in soil solution. Therefore, it is essential to consider site-specific factors affecting bioavailability and toxicity for estimating reliable risk of Pb and Cd.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 1996

In this thesis, a new superimposition scheme using a computer vision system was proposed with 7 pairs of skull and ante-mortem photographs, which were already identified through other tests and DNA fingerprints at the Korea National Institute of Scientific Investigation. At this computer vision system, an unidentified skull was caught by video-camcoder with the MPEG and a ante-mortem photograph was scanned by scanner. These two images were processed and superimposed using pixel processing. Recognition of the individual identification by anatomical references was performed on the two superimposed images. These results were as followings. 1. For the enhancement of skull and ante-mortem photographs, various image processing schemes, such as SMOOTH, SHARPEN, EMBOSS, MOSAIC, ENGRAVE, INVERT, NEON and COLOR TO MONO, were applied using 3*5 window processing. As an image processing result of these methods, the optimal techniques were NEON, INVERT and ENGRAVE for the edge detection of skull and ante-mortem photograph. 2. Using various superimposition image processing techniques (SRCOR, SRCAND, SRCINVERT, SRCERASE, DSTINVERT, MERGEPAINT) were compared for the enhancement of image recognition. 3. By means of the video camera, the skull image was inputed directly to a computer system : superimposing it on the ante-mortem photograph made the identification more precise and time-saving. As mentioned above, this image processing techniques for the superimposition of skull and ante-mortem photographs simply used the previous approach, In other wrods, taking skull photographs and developing it to the same size as the ante-mortem photographs. This system using various image processing techniques on computer screen, a more precise and time-saving superimposition technique could be able to be applied in the area of individual identification in forensic practice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.523-531
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• 2018

An analysis technique for detecting moving targets on a single-channel airborne frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technology and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is presented. To analyze the relative velocities of moving targets, an FMCW-based signal model for stationary and moving targets was studied, and a SAR ambiguity function considering its signal model was simulated. The relative velocities of the moving targets on a reconstructed SAR image can be estimated by peak searching of the SAR ambiguity function, and the stationary and moving targets are easily distinguished when there is a large variation of the relative velocity. Analysis results of the moving targets on a reconstructed FMCW-SAR image, using practical airborne data and a SAR ambiguity process, are compared with the in situ testing in the study area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2014

Most of marine pollution have been occurred by oil spill accidents resulted from ship accidents in South Korea. This year there were two large oil spill accidents: the Yeosu Oil Spill Accident (2014.01.31.(Fri.) 09:35 LT) and the Captain Vangelis L. Oil Spill Accident (2014.02.15.(Sat.) 14:00 LT). In general, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is used in monitoring and detection of oil dumping and spilled oils by accident at sea. Therefore it is expected that KOMPSAT-5, launched successfully last year, will take part in that mission during a normal operation mode. After the two accidents, high spatial resolution optical satellite data including KOMPSAT-3 were acquired February 2 and 14, 2014. In this presentation, we analyzed optical properties of spilled oils from optical satellite imagery to estimate the spilled area and the volume at each region. Finally, a satellite application planning for ocean surveillance in South Korea will be presented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.772-778
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• 2018

Due to the recent advances in computing, communication and micro-electromechanical technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications have been extended from military to many commercial areas such as object tracking, wire detection, and vehicular sensor networks. In some applications bursty data from many sensor nodes may be generated and the generated data from the monitoring area may be sent in a limited time to the final destination, sink node. In this paper, we present a BTF-MAC protocol adequate for WSNs applications in which bursty data packets are required to be transmitted in a limited time. The BTF-MAC is a synchronous duty-cycle MAC protocol and uses a slot-reserved and operational period extension mechanism adapted to the traffics. Our numerical analysis and simulation results show that BTF-MAC outperforms other related protocols such as DW-MAC and SR-MAC in terms of energy consumption and transmission delay.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.249-261
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• 2011

The rapid growth of e-business market makes new online companies to start and existing offline companies to join in this area. As the number of players of this market grows rapidly, the competition among them is very intense. Many companies invest huge resources to online marketing including search advertisement, email advertisement and banner advertisement. Because these traditional online marketing activities mainly focus on how to invite visitors to their web sites, ROI of these marketing activities are getting lower. Many companies are looking for a new marketing method to escape this situation. In this paper, we propose ROMS (Realtime Online Marketing System) which supports tools to improve conversion ratio of e-commerce sites, ROMS gathers behavioral data of visitors and analyzes it in realtime. ROMS supports live chats, visitor profiling, context analysis, event detection, and live marketing. With ROMS, personalized offers based on visitors' realtime context can be made for each visitor.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urinary biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and ${\beta}-2$ microglobulin (uB2MG), in early detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants aged <3 months with fever. Methods: A total of 422 infants aged <3 months (male:female=267:155; mean age, 56.4 days), who were admitted for fever, were retrospectively included in this study. We compared uNGAL and uB2MG between the UTI and non-UTI groups at the time of admission. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of uNGAL and uB2MG for use in diagnosing UTI were assessed. Results: Among 422 patients, 102 (24.2%) were diagnosed with UTI. Levels of uNGAL were higher in the UTI group than in the non-UTI group (366.6 ng/mL vs. 26.9 ng/mL, P<0.001). Levels of uB2MG were not different between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that uNGAL was an independent predictive factor for UTI (P=0.033). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.2%, 92.5%, and 91.9% for uNGAL, and 48.0%, 43.8%, and 44.8% for uB2MG, respectively. AUC of uNGAL was 0.942 and that of uB2MG was 0.407. Conclusion: Accuracy of uNGAL in the diagnosis of UTI is high in febrile infants aged <3 months. uNGAL can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of UTI in infants.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.465-480
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• 2014

In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of satellite imagery for the two heavy rainfall cases (21 September, 2010, 9 August, 2011) occurred in the Korean Peninsula. In general, the possibility of strong convection can be increased when the region with plenty of moisture at the lower layer overlapped with the boundary between dark and bright area in the water vapor imagery. And the merging of convective cells caused by the difference in the moving velocities of two cells resulted in the intensification of convective activity and rainfall intensity. The rainfall intensity is more closely linked with the minimum cloud top temperature than the mean cloud top temperature. Also the spatio-temporal variations of rainfall intensity are impacted by the existence of merging processes. The merging can be predicted by the animation of satellite imagery but earlier detection of convective cells is almost impossible by using the infrared and water vapor imagery.