• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2023

I proposed the architectural guideline for educational environment based on design thinking approach to integrate and enhance learners' activities and achievements. The physical environment of design education learning space should be applied by teaching methods and learning activities, especially for STEAM-based convergent education, the architectural space conditions should support the design process based on design thinking. The learning environment conditions influence design education with physical design factors and learners' communication, and the flexible environment based on design thinking, which is crucial for design education. The 3 steps of design thinking experiences also allow students to learn the context of ideas, skills and outcomes. Therefore, I argued that the learning surrounding based on design thinking needs flexible and mobile, connected, integrated, organized, and team-focused environments to support learners' understanding, participation, and collaboration, and to achieve the design process based on research findings. For spaces for convergent learning environments based on design thinking, common design principles should be reviewed, such as coexistence with technology, safety and security, transparency and spatial extension, multi-purpose space and outdoor learning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.979-986
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• 2022

In this study, the virtual exhibition using 3D architectural space was analyzed in terms of the viewer's experience. For this purpose, the analysis items of the virtual architectural space include whether the actual architectural space is reproduced, the introduction of surreal elements, the degree of freedom of movement and circulation, the level of photorealism of spatial expression, the level of reproduction of the exhibits and information provision method, and the interaction with other participants. Six virtual exhibition projects designed by a well-known architect were selected and analyzed. Three directions were found through the analysis. First, even when designing a virtual exhibition space with a high degree of freedom, there is a tendency to present a familiar architectural environment. Second, the current method of creating a virtual architectural space is that the method using a 360-degree rendering image and the method using a game engine coexist with pros and cons. Third, the interaction between participants in the virtual exhibition is implemented only by using a game engine. It is expected that the virtual space production environment using the game engine to be developed will become more advantageous in the future.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The high school credit system is a system in which students select complete various subjects, depending on their career, and graduate when their accumulated credit reaches the standard. It is expected that the high school credit system, which guarantees the individual's right of choice, will bring an educational effect that can respond to the student's career aptitude. However, it is expected that problems in the aspect of school life, such as the weakening of class belongingness or difficulty of securing a stable base venue within the school building would be accompanied. This research analyzed students' usage condition depending on the living base space environment feature in schools that are implementing moving-selective class in the aspect of activity domain formation and contemplated the venue evaluation. The purpose is to provide the basic data of an architectural plan of a stable living base space within the school building through this. 'Living base center type' and 'living base dispersion type' school buildings among Japanese integral department high schools were used as the target to analyze the usage condition in the aspect of domain formation. As a result, a conclusion was deducted that student's securement of territory consciousness about the base space and venue construction for the community of various studying groups affects life satisfaction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Jacques Derrida, a leading theorist of the post-structuralism, has explicated how the material reality is subordinated to the ideality of form, by noticing the platonic concept, 'chora', which implicates the spatiality as the matrix and also by actualizing its essential meaning as the femininity. On the basis of the idea of the platonic 'chora', the Derridian deconstructive spatiality and its feminist oriented enlargement of Grosz this study is purposed to elucidate the architectural idea of Zaha Hadid that is located in the similar horizon with the deconstructionism. On the one hand it is focused on the explication of the new concept of space, which is dealt with the deconstruction of the traditional concept of space, on the other on the inference of the feminity of the originally understood spatiality. With this inference it is finally intended to reexamine the foundation of the discussion for the architectural space that must be ahead of the discussion for the difference between the masculine and the feminine space. If it is fundamentally and manifoldly executed, not only the architectural paradigm will enter into an renewed phase, but also the various ways toward the new direction of the architecture be explored.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.100-107
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• 2014

Traditional architectural space, which is a historical cultural heritage must be connected mutually as a organic flow of various elements such as the environment of the time, political background and values, rather than approaching with fragmentary point of view. The Silhak Philosophy, the basis of late Chosun society developed equity thoughts on the basis of ideology of humanism, and it asserted the promotion of technology and industry as a measure to realize the pursuit of truth which is practically useful. Thus, we could verify the possibility of convergent interpretation of cultural technology of Hwaseong architectural space through the humanistic viewpoint of pioneer spirit of Silhak Philosophy which regards human as a main agent of desire of life, and the pursuit of truth which is useful for reality, and the realization of ethical value by aesthetic practicalism. Based on this, the ontological meaning and value of Suwon Hwaseong by the viewpoint of convergence of culture and technology have been drawn as the construction of planned new town by the practice of filial duty, the plan of city space based on rational values, the realization of a metropolis where self-sufficient economic activities are possible, the introduction of thorough construction management system, the introduction of advanced culture and its creative application, and the application of scientifical knowledges and cutting-edge technology.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.1 s.29
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• pp.65-84
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• 2002

This study has main purpose to understand and interpret the house Nok-U-dang, an upper class built in Chosun dynasty, not by outsider researcher's view but insider dweller's view. To interpret correctly, dweller's everyday life in the space and form is examined on a microscale beyond the physical space and form of the house, main object of architectural history To understand the present form exactly, the study restore traditional life in past era, 1940s. Main method of restoration is the ethnographic interview, based on cultural anthropology. Like any other upper-class house, the house has been influenced under ruling Confucian ideology in Chosun dynasty: separation of man's and woman's quarters and hierachical arrangement by generation, and worshipping ceremony for ancestor. However, it is by practical management for agricultural production that every court and building of the Noku-Dang can be explained correctly; preparing seed for sowing, tool storing, preparing and serving meal for laborers, making manure, harvesting, threshing grain, storing grain and so on. Precedent studies interpreted the house by the Confucian principle too much and made conclusion of dignity and austerity of ritual: woman's quarter, is closed and serene space. However this study shows that the space is semi-opened and composite space by agricultural works. And the Sarangchae, master's quarter, is located properly at visual center to control every agricultural activity.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

The palace byeoljeon(別殿), the King's non-ceremonial space, were created as a space for the king to comfortably use and for the king to do what he wanted to do. The byeoljeon housed various types of spaces and were flexible in that they could be repurposed to meet the demands of the times. Nevertheless, their characteristic as palatial building created for the King's convenience has remained unchanged. In this study, we examine the process by which such royal spaces were created by focusing on the reconstruction of the Changdeokgung Huijeongdang during Japanese occupation period, with a view to continuity and the transformation process. The reconstruction of Huijeongdang at the time may be considered along internal and external characteristics. Internally, Huijeongdang connected the symbolism of the king's space as the palace byeoljeon. Externally, Huijeongdang is characterized by its mixture of traditional and western style, where western style structures were housed within traditional buildings. The plans for the block of Huijeongdang also included the coexistence of traditional building, western style building, and mixture of traditional and western style building. This reflects the characteristic continuity of the byeoljeon as well as the architectural techniques of the time, manifested together within a specific spatial block.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the formation process and spatial characteristics of the first and largest open port of Foreign Settlement in Yokohama, Japan. Based on the reference records and maps, we traced the process of modernization, example of opening the park and introduction of technology, industrial & infra-structural facilities. And found out the characteristics of formation process of port city Yokohama as the modernized city. The results of this study are as follows: First, the spatial characteristics and significance of the public space of the port open space; second, the difference of the road and parcel systems between the Japanese and the foreign settlements; and third, the meaning of the port open space as the space of separation in that times. These experiences about the open port in Yokohama could be worked as the basic for domestic and colonial city planning.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a publicness evaluation index for indoor privately owned public spaces (POPS). In order to develop the index, 10 cases of indoor POPS in New York City were analyzed using Visibility Graph Analysis by evaluating its accessibility and visual openness. The results are as follows; (1) Accessibility and openness of indoor POPS were higher compared to other public spaces on the first floor. (2) Cases with high accessibility index installed a higher number of entrances. (3) Cases with high openness index were mostly composed of a glass wall. (4) The publicness index was high when the lobby and the indoor POPS are shared. (5) Atrium types were highly utilized and the evaluation index was also high whereas, linear types were less utilized and the evaluation index was lower.

• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

Numerous scholars have explored the modeling, control, and optimization of energy systems in buildings, offering new insights about technology and environments that can advance industry innovation. Eye trackers deliver objective eye-gaze data about visual and attentional processes. Due to its flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency in research, eye tracking has a control scheme that makes measuring rapid eye movement in three-dimensional space possible (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality). Because eye movement is an effective modality for digital interaction with a virtual environment, tracking how users scan a visual field and fix on various digital objects can help designers optimize building environments and materials. Although several scholars have conducted Virtual Reality studies in three-dimensional space, scholars have not agreed on a consistent way to analyze eye tracking data. We conducted eye tracking experiments using objects in three-dimensional space to find an objective way to process quantitative visual data. By applying a 12 × 12 grid framework for eye tracking analysis, we investigated how people gazed at objects in a virtual space wearing a headmounted display. The findings provide an empirical base for a standardized protocol for analyzing eye tracking data in the context of virtual environments.