• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2013

Kengo Kuma used to be very known well as a critic before being an architect. He usually mentioned quite unique type of comments for subjects whenever his criticism, also even his works results have been able to be targets of criticism materials by his method. His works are the achievements of challenges based on his continuous dynamic criticism. Hence, to have well understanding of his architectural thinking and works result, his complexes criticism structure must be needed to understand. And also, this study is using 'KJ Method' type to analyze his architectural thinking which is complicated making by a type of non-linear. Kengo Kuma's structures of architectural thinking and critiques perspective of modern architecture have been created by 'KJ Method'. Critiques types of keywords and consequences words collected from among the local dedicated professional architecture books to get this research result. First of all, Kengo Kuma desired even modern architecture problems to be melt as a specific architecture result such as modern type of power structure. To have result, Kengo Kuma had experienced sensible activity through materials which have specific characteristic. Also place of materiality created to get relationship between environments and architecture. Secondly, he wanted to recover troubled traditional Japanese architectural perspective which blocked relationship by dichotomy as a right way. In conclusion, this research reaches Kengo Kuma's type of architecture which strongly emphasizes harmony among related components such as human being, materials, substances based on accepted natural environments and lives' principle. Also, much more specific methods have been derived by related works results analyzing which have similar characteristic as Kengo Kuma's one.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2013

This study was carried out, using toxicity test apparatus, to analyze toxic gases of heat insulation material and adhesives of composite panels used for the architectural surface material when a fire occurs. The findings of this study show that CO, $CO_2$, HCOH, $CH_2CHCN$ and $NO_x$ were detected from styrofoam, reinforced styrofoam, polyurethane foam and glass fiber, but in the case of the polyurethane foam, HCl and HCN were detected as well. All the architectural adhesives released CO, $CO_2$ and $NO_x$, but HCHO was only detected from the adhesives for styrofoam, wood, tile, windows and doors; $CH_2CHCN$ was only from those for wood and stone; $C_6H_5OH$ was only from those for wood. The toxicity index was also measured for architectural surface material and adhesives. Polyurethane foam showed the highest index, 11.7, and glass fiber was followed as 6.8. Reinforced styrofoam showed 5.7 and styrofoam revealed the least 4.9. In the case of architectural adhesives, the highest ranking was those for stone 7.4, windows and doors 6.1, wood 5.3, tile 3.8, and styrofoam 3.7 were followed, respectively.

• Architectural research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

Concern about global environment has been increasing in recent years. Efforts to minimize the environmental impact to the globe as well as human beings have increased, especially in the late twentieth century. The study researches one of the solutions for the environmentally friendly building construction, which can contribute to sustaining the world environment. Assessment and proposals are made for high-rise apartments, one of the most popular construction types nowadays in Korea. Since the volume of high-rise apartment construction is so great, a small improvement in each building will make a great contribution. Assessments are made over the life-span of apartment buildings. A tool named EIAHA (Environmental Impact Assessment for High-rise Apartment) has been made through references from western examples, mainly in the UK. The components of EIAHA include passive design strategies, building materials, energy consumption during building operation and management/maintenance. Although the issues are on a global scale, solutions are sought on regional scale. Korean high-rise apartments are assessed with the tool and suggestions for sustainable development are made mainly for improvement of embodied energy of building materials and the life of buildings.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

As various materials and new methods can be used due to developments in science and expansion of thinking, modern architectural color composes extensive possibilities exceeding its physical role of the past. In particular, rather than the initial external expression, the secondary connotative interpretation is more important in interpreting architectural color. This is because color interpretation changes the meaning of space based on light. Also, the development of digital technology has shifted the use of architectural color from passive realization to a more proactive concept and value. In other words, such shift leads to a new discussion on architectural color such as non-representation, invisibility, and non-physicality as the concept of fixed time, space and movement has been weakened. This paper begins by conceptualizing the digital space, a term widely used to interpret the architectural color of digital space. And it will be categorized as non-representational architectural color, invisible architectural color, and non-physical architectural color, by combining the characteristics of digital space with the modern architecture's color examples. Digital space overcoming the space time is differently interpreted from the past color expression. Modern architecture's color which substitutes the passive view with active body takes a role delivering various axes of discussions with synaesthesia.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

The Chinese Architect Wangshu, who won the Pritzker Architecture Prize at 2012, is the first and only winner in China. This study focused on the expression of his unique architectural ideas. Especially with a high interest in Chinese traditional calligraphy and landscape painting, Wangshu tried to use its traditional features to form his own architectural way. First this study looked at the features of calligraphy and landscape painting. Second this research studied the expression of Wangshu's architectural practice in calligraphy's way. Lastly this study furthered study of Wangshu's architecture combined with landscape paintings' features. The results state these following. 1) For calligraphy, he used the "modular composition" of Chinese characters to architectural composition, which included architectural form and materials. The "similarities" and "space creation" of calligraphy are respectively applied to architectural spatial details and site planning. 2) For landscape painting, Wangshu borrows its elements to compose his architecture with "gardening consciousness". The "view method" of paintings was used to his architectural pedestrian flows, and Wangshu also based on the "space creation" of landscape painting to do architectural space design with creating the similar atmosphere.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 시멘트 계열재료에 요변성을 부여하기 위하는 것이다. 이를 위해 PVA와 붕사의 결합을 이용하였다. 즉, PVA와 붕사 수용액을 시멘트 페이스트에 첨가하여 PVA 및 붕사의 결합에 의한 요변성 발현여부를 확인하였다. 시멘트 계열 재료에서 요변성 발현은 시공과정에서 다양한 이점을 확보할 수 있으며 특히 최근 주된 타설 방법인 관을 사용한 타설 방법에서 유리하게 작용할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과로써 시멘트 페이스트 내부에서 PVA와 붕사의 결합이 유효하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 시멘트 계열 재료에 대하여 PVA와 붕사를 이용하여 요변성을 부여할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구의 결과를 이용하여 다양한 형태의 시멘트 계열재료의 시공성 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

1997년 도쿄의정서(protocol)에서는 지구환경오염에 대한 오염원방지를 제안하는 협정으로 우리나라에서도 배출기준에 감소하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 건축자재에 대한 방출농도 기준을 마련하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 최근 건축공사에는 많은 종류의 건축자재와 내장재료가 사용되고 있으며, 특히 화학기술의 발달로 복합재료로 구성된 건축재료들에 대한사용이 증가하고 있다. 실내건축자재에서 방출되는 물질로 인하여 재실자들에게 두통, 현기증, 메스꺼움, 졸음, 집중력 감퇴 등의 각종 질병을 불러일으키는 '새집 증후군'과 같은 현상을 야기 시켜 건강 상 많은 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 조사되고 있으며, 이러한 문제 해결을 위해서는 각 나라마다 건축물에 사용되어 지는 건축자재에 대한 유기 화합물의 방출농도를 최소화하는 친환경 건축자재의 선정을 권고하는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 건축자재의 TVOCs 에 대한 HCHO의 등급기준을 제안하고자 한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2001

This study tries to analyze the influence of IIT's educational system on the Jong Soung Kimm's Architecture. Architect Kimm was the first student in Korea who gained admission to the IIT and was directly learned from Mies van der Rohe. At IIT, he completed a university course from 1956 to 1961, and finished a degree of master under the direction of Professor Myron Goldsmith in 1964. After the graduation, he entered Mies's office and became the professeur of IIT from 1966 to 1978. In consideration with these facts, it is no exaggeration to say that Kimm's architecture was formed by the IIT's educational system and Mies's architectural principles. According to the synopsis of the 5-year curriculum 1944-45, the object of architectural work in IIT is the clarification of : 1)the structure as an architectural factor, its possibilities and limitations 2) space as an architectural problem 3) proportion as a means of architectural expression 4) the expression value of materials 5) the application of these principles by means of free creative work. Architect Kimm's works designed in Korea reflect well these objectives. But Kimm also knew well the problems of IIT's educational system. After the retirement of Mies, IIT's educational system had the tendency to overstress the technology of structure and simplify the complexity of Miesian architectural principles. In opposition to this tendency, architect Kimm continued to keep the spacial and formal subtlety which possess the Mies' original architecture. This shows very well the future direction of Kimm's architectural activities.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2022

Since the beginning of the second Sino-Japanese war in 1937, the entire Korean Peninsula has entered a full-fledged wartime system. Japan enacted laws that strongly regulate the distribution of various resources for war, and the same was implemented in Joseon. In particular, as iron, copper, lead, tin, and aluminum were mobilized as raw materials for military supplies such as weapons, private distribution decreased significantly, which had a great impact on the construction industry. As the use of metal such as steel as building materials requires permission from the provincial governor, it has become difficult to supply and demand except for some military facilities. In addition, the Japanese Ministry of Commerce and Industry encouraged research and development and manufacturing to promote the so-called "substitute goods industry" to make up for the shortage of supplies. Products with improved performance through chemical treatment by injecting only a small amount of the same raw material than before or using alternative raw materials have been developed. It was intended to overcome the limitations of lack of raw materials through the chemical industry. In terms of building materials, various substitutes were produced due to the incorporation of petrochemicals and the use of synthetic resins. This trend continued even after the end of the war and served as one of the backgrounds for R&D and production of new materials without returning to the "substitute goods."

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the relation between surface roughness and heat absorption capability of materials for solar collector. For this purpose, 3 kinds of materials (copper, aluminum, iron), 5 kinds of surface roughness (scrubber, alumina sand #80, #200, #400, glass bead) and 2 kinds of surface treatment (black chrome plating, copper black coating) were used for finding optimal conditions to apply solar collector. As the results, it was confirmed that the optimal relations between surface roughness and surface treatment as well as optimal materials were necessary. Further, heat absorption capability was showed good results in cases of copper materials, glass bead and black chrome plating.