• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

The use of fly ash in construction materials is increasing worldwide due the various advantages of using it, such as to produce durable concrete, or to use less cement and thus lower carbon dioxide emissions. The quality of fly ash is often determined by loss on ignition value (LOI), where an upper limit of LOI is set in each country for quality control purpose. However, due to many reasons, production of high LOI fly ash is increasing that cannot be utilized in concrete, ending up in landfill. In this study, the effect of fly ash use in cementitious materials on nitrogen oxides adsorption is examined. In particular, the effect of using high LOI, and thus high carbon content fly ash on nitrogen oxides adsorption is investigated. The results suggest that the higher carbon content fly ash is related to higher nitrogen dioxide adsorption, although normal fly ash was also more effective in nitrogen dioxide adsorption than ordinary portland cement. Also, higher replacement rate of up to 40% of fly ash is beneficial for nitrogen dioxide adsorption. These results demonstrate that high carbon fly ash can be used as construction materials in an environmentally friendly way where strength requirement is low and where nitrogen oxides emissions are high.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

Located in Dornach, Switcherland Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck (Rudolf Steiner-Halde, Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck, 1923-1935) is one of the architectural works created by Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) who has studied and established the cognitive and spiritual aspects of a human being, and is often cited as being the founder of anthroposophy. In fact, Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck is not as well known as Steiner's other works, and it is perceived as less important than his major works of architecture including "Goetheanum", "Modellbau zu Malsch", and "Rudolf Steiner Haus Stuttgart". Nonetheless, this study is meaningful in itself since it is an important piece of architecture to gain an understanding of the characteristics of Steiner's late works, and the architectural characteristics of the Waldorf School where various active educational activities are taking place around the world. Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck clearly exhibits the characteristics of the architectural space based on Steiner's anthroposophy as well as provides a window into promoting space efficiency by extending an existing building. Moreover, it provides a good learning opportunity to find out about how Steiner's architectural disposition has changed and developed with the use of new materials. With these points as a backdrop, the study aims to develop an understanding of the architectural characteristics of Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck. Another important objective of this paper is to gain insight into the architectural implications in connection with the influence Eurythmeum Anbau zu Haus Brodbeck has had on Steiner's later works, by comparing his early works of architecture with those of his late works.

• 복식
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.182-199
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual status of costume exhibitions displayed in architectural structures heritage today to examine if they play proper roles as visual materials and suggest the necessity of post-management for comfortable viewing. This is significant in that it makes costume exhibitions function as educational culture contents to let Korean and also foreign viewers know of our costume culture properly. As a research method, the database of the Office of Cultural Properties homepage was used to extract anything related to the lives of figures during the Chosun Dynasty among the architectural structures heritages in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido. By doing so, the costume exhibitions were able to be examined among them. With field investigation and interviews of related institutions, this study examined the current status of costume exhibitions, planning of exhibitions, and post-management. Also, they found costume exhibitions that were not right for the era, and suggested ways that were more appropriate for them. The results of this study were as follows : First, according to the third selection results, there were only six among 71 places where three districts of the architectural structures heritage were present. This is a very small quantity of places when compared with the total number of architectural structures heritage. Second, as a result of the current condition investigation, the costume exhibition in the Architectural Structures Heritage is not nearly enough for a historical investigation, and almost all polluted costumes were not displayed in suitable environments for an exhibition. Therefore, qualified managers who have expertise in exhibition planning were needed to be trained to do a post-management follow up. Furthermore, it is important to systematically reorganize post-management methods. Third, the two selected places(Haepung-buwongun-yuntaegyeong-jaesi and Sunaedong-gaok) were thought not to be right for the era among the six places with costume exhibitions, and suggestions such as flat-drawing and illustration were made.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2004

In the present architectural culture of Korea, the expression of Korean values and the contemporary trends of global architectures are not identified and arranged distinctly, so diverse tendencies are applied to the architectures of Korea recklessly. In this situation, minimal architecture is significant, which pursues the essence of architecture through the minimal materials. This thesis analyzes the characteristics of minimal architecture seeking after the essence of architecture by minimalization and examines Seung, Hyosang's architectures showing expressional traits similar to those of minimal architecture in the modem architectures of Korea, so this study can show the expressional characteristics and materials of minimal architecture. Nevertheless, it does not mean that all the Seung, Hyosang's works have the tendency of minimal architecture and that he has to be classified as a minimal architect, but it means only that the values and thoughts like the expressional traits of minimal architecture are seen in his architectural opinions! and works, which will be the subject of this study.

• Architectural research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2007

A cabin for Mr. and Mrs. Popenoe of 1922 was designed by the eminent Los Angeles architect, Rudolph M. Schindler. It stands out as an early exemplar of Schindler's most notable work in its unique employment of compositional strategy. Unfortunately, the cabin was demolished before an in-depth research was executed. In addition, there remains no documentary record with regard to the construction process, structural details and the use of materials of the built cabin. However, a set of drawings of the house are housed in the Schindler Archive. Reworking drawings and fabricating a scale model based on the materials obtained from the Archive, this article first depicts the evolution of the design, and then, attempts to investigate underlying principles governing the spatial composition of the cabin.

• 교육시설
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest the reference materials in the selection of location of elementary school at the planning of building site development by analyzing the environment of architecture in the district of building site development. The method of investigation adapted the site investigation and drawing analysis of the elementary school, after collecting materials of the district of building site development within Busan city, under the object of investigation including 17 elementary schools within 15 districts of building site development and the object of investigation.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2017

In this study, we propose a new equation that evaluates the shear strength of beam-column connections in reinforced concrete and steel beam (RCS) composite materials. This equation encompasses the effect of shear keys, extended face bearing plates (E-FBP), and transverse beams on connection shear strength, as well as the contribution of cover plates. Mobilization coefficients for beam-column connections in the RCS composite system are suggested. The proposed model, validated by statistical analysis, provided the strongest correlation with test results for connections containing both E-FBP and transverse beams. Additionally, our results indicated that Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) and Modified AIJ (M-AIJ) equations should be used carefully to evaluate the shear strength for connections that do not have E-FBP or transverse beams.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2022

Jangchungdan is located at the skirt of Namsan near Namsomundongcheon, so the buildings are arranged with many podiums. The steps for people to go up and down such podiums are placed around the buildings. The Western-style constructional methods and materials introduced by the opening of ports were used for a variety of Jangchungdan buildings with differentiated levels of podiums, for Jangchungdan memorial ceremonies, and other building materials were also installed along with the changes in clothes and lifestyles. Although Dansa was constructed in the Chinese style, it reflected the shrine plane used in Joseon Dynasty, which in turn is thought to reflect Gubonsincham, the basic concept of Gwangmu Reform, as in the case of Jangchungdan memorial ceremonies.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.583-597
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• 2023

This paper introduces a novel approach to multi-material topology optimization (MTO) targeting in-plane bi-directional functionally graded (IBFG) non-uniform thickness Reissner-Mindlin plates, employing an alternative active phase approach. The mathematical formulation integrates a first shear deformation theory (FSDT) to address compliance minimization as the objective function. Through an alternating active-phase algorithm in conjunction with the block Gauss-Seidel method, the study transforms a multi-phase topology optimization challenge with multi-volume fraction constraints into multiple binary phase sub-problems, each with a single volume fraction constraint. The investigation focuses on IBFG materials that incorporate adequate local bulk and shear moduli to enhance the precision of material interactions. Furthermore, the well-established mixed interpolation of tensorial components 4-node elements (MITC4) is harnessed to tackle shear-locking issues inherent in thin plate models. The study meticulously presents detailed mathematical formulations for IBFG plates in the MTO framework, underscored by numerous numerical examples demonstrating the method's efficiency and reliability.

• 한국생활환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2011

This research quantified(/m²) the supplied materials at the construction stage of apartments, the main architecture form domestically, and presented the average CO₂ emission by analyzing 50 apartment complexes. The results are as follows. CO₂ emission of each type of constructions by supplied materials is architecture (78.8%), machine (8.8%), electricity (5.3%), civil engineering (3.4%), landscaping (3.4%), and communication (1.0%). The building construction charged about 79%. Average CO₂ emission of total 50 apartment complexes according to supplied material expense appeared to be 950 kg-CO₂/m², and when core-type pillar was included CO₂ emission largely increased.