• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2013

Since Modern Movement flexibility has been one of the most attractive words in architecture. However, "overprovision first, division later" has been the most prevailing design method for spatial flexibility, and many of buildings designed for flexible use are practically quite inflexible due to insufficient building systems or/and irresponsible planning. There have been two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence. These two approaches, which point contradictory directions, actually reflect the difficulty in providing a proper form of architectural flexibility. Multi-functionality can afford changeable environments with satisfying spatial conditions; however it lacks tolerance to accommodate other uses but intended functions by architects. Meanwhile, flexibility by a polyvalent form relies on the vague anticipation of user's various interpretations. In this study by looking up these two different standpoints and historical precedents flexibility in architecture is carefully scrutinized focused on the contradiction, and as an alternative for architectural flexibility contextual relations is proposed. Unlike both multi-functionality and polyvalence, which produce flexibility by changing its own properties, manipulating contextual relations infuses flexibility into space by changing the properties of a building, not of its individual room. By using this contextual relations method, a community-centered school in Manhattan, NY, which was in danger of being closed because of its academic failure, is represented as a flexible space.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1511-1520
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• 2014

After 2011, with the spread of smart devices, large interfaces using the architectural space elements here and there in the cities. Recently the desire for the data has increased, and, following the increase of the range of use by the users, the communication utilizing various forms of interfaces is expected to become more active. In the past, certain range of architecture or parts of the facilities were as the interfaces, but, recently, the development of media technology and the display of various contents forced the utilization of many elements of architectural space in the interface aspects that were not used in the past. Accordingly, the research compare the relationship of the purpose, media environments, interface technology, data form and so on and consider the characteristic of what elements of architectural space are used in order to analyze the characteristic of interfaces used in digital art works. Especially,the research will consider the possibility of commercializing the trends in the interfaces of digital art works in the mediation region of city information services, and propose how to apply such possibility.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Rapid urbanization has fostered development of modern cities. Although Conventional zoning played its role to control urban development, it also segregated land uses and created homogeneous development pattern. Mega cities with satellite bed towns has not shown their unique identity and characters. In order to develop comprehensive approach which may bring social and physical enhancement can be difficult to achieve by considering city as a two dimensions. On contrary, extensive analysis and proposals require an approach which can perceive city with three dimensions. Form-Based Codes (FBCs) are appeared as an alternative to conventional zoning with different design process and principles. FBCs approach urban place with three dimension and giving priority to form rather than land use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the necessity of FBCs and its concept, components and how this would change urban characteristics in the aspects of architectural design through analysis on 4 case studies for zoning codes of US cities. Through comparison of components in Form-Based Codes of 4 different cases, this study can show the reasons for differences in application of Form-Based Codes and how detailed components would play a role to establish better urban environments.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Purpose: A city is regarded as an organic living thing that generates, changes, and fades away in relationship with many components of city. Therefore, a city has its own identity based on its historical trace. Among these elements composing a city, it is a square that makes a city more active and dynamic. Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy has played its role as significant core in the city and has distinctive function from other squares in urban ecological environments. In this study, the distinguishing function and role of Piazza Navona will be defined. Another purpose of study is to figure out what factors of Piazza Navona attracts a lot of diverse people and activities. Method: First, general understanding of function, type, and history of piazza; Second, the historical background of Piazza Navona; Third, site analysis related to surrounding environments; Fourth, architectural characteristic of Piazza Navona in terms of plan and elevation; Fifth, comparing with other representative squares in Rome such as Piazza San Pietro, Piazza del Popolo, and Piazza del Campidoglio in aspects of urban function. Result: Piazza Navona provides both citizen and visitors with an inviting place to embrace all kinds of activities including assembly, annual festival, and daily events. Its functions in the urban environments also involve a tourist attractor as landmark, place for social and cultural interaction, market, and place for meeting and leisure. It is attributed to following factors; historical background as the city center since the first century AD; its location in the center of Rome; enough size and flexibility to accommodate many people and various events; open space enclosed by surrounding buildings; historical baroque structures and sculptures of fountains; synergy effect with commercial and other tourist attractors around Piazza Navona; and comfortable accessibility.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the architectural characteristics of Verbena Heights, super high-rise complex housing, which has been most highly evaluated as a new town development model in Hong Kong, as a successful case of new housing type and sustainable design. The analyzed features of Verbena Heights are as follows; 1) Formation of various open spaces by a creative layout. 2) Enhancement of natural ventilation and daylighting by a linear plan instead of conventional cruciform plans. 3) Applications of integrated facade design for noise mitigation and for sunlight shading. 4) Adoption of energy-efficient devices, use of recyclable materials, and improvement of livability by a sustainable design process. These architectural characteristics provide the high-density high-rise housing with more efficient and comfortable environments for residents. And it is proved that the sustainable design can enhance the quality of dwelling environment.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.363-372
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• 1998

Oceanic architecture means architectural space created by directly or indirectly using the features of the ocean in the design. A range of marine structure for residential, leisure, cultural, and industrial uses has been and will be created by adopting these features in spatial composition, program, function, and form. This is a clearly distinct category of architecture which can produce unique and creative environments for man's living. Here this kind of architecture is called oceanic architecture. Nowadays the demand for ocean space is increasing and in the near future the law of oceanic architecture will be established by the government. Even with the present trend in design practice, few academic researches on the new architecture have been executed from an architectural design viewpoint. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the design aspects of oceanic architecture. In this paper firstly the design characteristics and contents of oceanic architecture are dealt. And then the concept architecture is defined on the basis of design characteristics.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between modern architecture and interior decoration through the study of decoration and ornament. It is noteworthy that modern architecture and interior decoration occurred at about the same time. Our analysis shows that the two are closely related to each other. That is to say, modern architecture tried to eliminate ornaments (and decorations), symbols and meanings from the built environments and to embody efficiency and rationality instead. However, in the interior of the building designed and completed by the architect, the user began to decorate his world through decoration or to refer such work to the new expert 'interior decorator'. In a word, the latter took charge of the role deserted by modern architecture.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.147-154
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• 2020

Currently, there are no specific repair methods for RC structures damaged by fire, and repair methods are applied when durability deteriorates due to aging. In addition, a number of recent studies have been reported that have conducted fire resistance assessment of the repair materials themselves, assuming exposure to high-temperature environments such as fires. However, researches that evaluate the fire resistance performance of the repair materials by applying existing repair materials to the actual fire damaged reinforced concrete structures are very rare. Therefore, in this study, a number of existing repair materials were applied to fire-damaged concrete column to compare and evaluate the fire resistance performance with the original cover concrete.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.148-162
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• 2017

Recently, the accomplishment of a system's quality attributes requires the negotiation of increasingly complex requirements, and this is because the contextual and developmental environments in which software is used has undergone broad changes. Nevertheless, with regard to most architectural designs, many of the proportions depend on the architect's intuition. Moreover, even if reusable architectural patterns are adapted to an architectural design, common schemas for the description of their use are nonexistent, and it is difficult to make a comparison for the selection of an appropriate systemic pattern because the focus of the schemas is not the user's perspective. To achieve a fast initial-design decision, this paper suggests new schemas that reduce the distance between the quality attribute requirements and the design by reinterpreting architectural patterns from the user's perspective. Also, based on the reconstructed pattern model that is derived from the use of the new schemas, an architectural-pattern recommendation method (APOQATo) for which the trade-off and the constraints that are due to the design decision are considered is provided as well as the advantages of the architectural pattern for which the quality attributes are satisfied.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2004

As display devices evolve, computer-based work environments are also becoming better suited to actual application tasks. This paper discusses the development of an architectural design system using the virtual table, which is a table-type projection system. It consists of the interactive VR modeler, the hybrid tracker and the architectural interpreter. The interactive VR modeler offers visual and tactile guide such as grid interaction, a tangible transparent prop and reference objects, so that a user can design architectural 3D models more easily and intuitively on the virtual table. The hybrid tracker includes two types of tracking methods for viewpoint according to the user's view and hand interaction: namely, vision-based tracking and magnetic tracking. The architectural interpreter automatically transforms simple 3D masses into a basic construction form that has architectural knowledge. The proposed system has advantage in the sense that it is suitable for collaboration among several users, allowing them to view graphical objects in stereoscopic view with direct 3D manipulation. Thus, it can be effectively used for architectural simulation and user-participated design.